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- From: turabe@GRAD1.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Toshiyuki Urabe)
- Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
- Subject: Re: LaTeX and TeX in Japanese
-
- A1.
- You can get it from anonymouse ftp on U of Tokyo or Tokyo I.T. ftp site.
-
- site : utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
- file : fj/nemacs3.3/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z
-
- site : miki.cs.titech.ac.jp
- file : JAPAN/nemacs/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z
-
- A2.
- kterm will help you.
- kterm is also available on u-tokyo and titech.
-
- A3.
- Sorry. I've no idea.
-
- Anyway, I've never compiles yet. If you success to install them,
- I'd like to know how to install.
-
-
- From: jalbert@IRO.UMontreal.CA (Francois Jalbert)
- Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
- Subject: Re: LaTeX and TeX in Japanese
-
- Toshi he,
-
- emTeX is from Eberhard Mattes, I believe a PhD student in Stuttgart, Doitsu.
- I was there last month, I should have visited him to thank him personally for
- his splendid work! Maybe next time I'm there...
-
- emTeX is available from several sources. My FTP site list mentions:
-
- > emTeX ymir.claremont.edu tex/ibm_pc/tex/emtex/disk[1-6]
- > 134.173.4.23
- >
- > emTeX terminator.cc.umich.edu msdos/text-mgmt/TeX/emtex/disk[1-6]
- > 141.211.164.8
- >
- > emTeX msdos.archive.umich.edu version 13.08.90
- > 35.1.33.8 get emtex.README before beginning.
- >
- > emTeX ponder.csci.unt.edu /pub/TeX
- >
- > emTEX ftp.cs.ruu.nl TEX/emtex/INDEX
- > 131.211.80.17
- >
- > emTeX is a full TeX implementation, with previewer, LaTeX, METAFONT,
- > lots of printer drivers, etc. For MS-DOS and OS/2.
- > By Eberhard Mattes (mattes@azu.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de)
-
- and none of these are in Japan. But I am almost certain that utsun in Tokyo
- (see below) has this somewhere. Check there first!
-
- You can obtain JemTeX version 2 (14 April 1991) from:
-
- SIMTEL (tenex) (192.88.110.20) file tex/jemtex2.zip
- wuarchive (binary) (128.252.135.4) file mirrors/msdos/tex/jemtex2.zip
- utsun (binary) (133.11.11.11) file TeX/jemtex2.zip
- ymir (?) (134.173.4.23) file tex/babel/japanese/jemtex2.zip
-
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu comp.os.msdos.desqview:4494 news.answers:4446
- Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.desqview,news.answers
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!spool.mu.edu!umn.edu!doug.cae.wisc.edu!bodoh
- From: bodoh@xraylith.wisc.edu (Daniel J. Bodoh)
- Subject: DESQview/QEMM Frequently Asked Questions: READ BEFORE POSTING
- Expires: 1 Jan 1993 23:59:00 GMT
- Reply-To: bodoh@xraylith.wisc.edu
- Date: 6 Dec 92 10:36:30 CST
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.edu
- Message-ID: <1992Dec6.103630.1264@doug.cae.wisc.edu>
- Followup-To: comp.os.msdos.desqview
- Summary: FAQ list for the MS-DOS multitasker DESQview and memory manager QEMM
- Originator: bodoh@sun-4.cae.wisc.edu
- Keywords: faq Q&A
- Supersedes: <1992May31.144029.17734@xraylith.wisc.edu>
- Lines: 1862
-
- Archive-name: desqview-faq
- Last-modified: 1992/12/02
- Version: 10
-
- DESQview/QEMM Frequently Asked Questions
- Release 10
- Last update: December 2, 1992
-
- Edited by Daniel J. Bodoh
- Posted on the first of every month
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- WHAT IS THIS ARTICLE?
-
- This article is a regularly posted compendium of topics that have been
- discussed in the Usenet newsgroup comp.os.msdos.desqview since its
- birth. Although many of the questions are truly ``Frequently Asked'',
- others are questions that experienced DESQview users recognize as
- questions a beginner might ask. If you are new to DESQview or this
- group, please read this FAQ before posting your question. Even if your
- question isn't answered here, you'll probably learn something new about
- DESQview.
-
- Although I edit this FAQ, a majority of the information contained in it
- was contributed by other comp.os.msdos.desqview readers. The many
- contributors are listed at the end of the document.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- WHERE CAN I GET THE FAQ LIST?
-
- This FAQ list is published in a number of places. In file archives, it
- is named DVFAQx.ZIP, where ``x'' is the release number. The DVFAQx.ZIP
- file also contains a DESQview/X help file (hypertext) version of the FAQ
- list. The FAQ list is available from
- (1) its birthplace, the Usenet newsgroup COMP.OS.MSDOS.DESQVIEW as
- NEWS.ANSWERS with the subject line ``DESQview/QEMM Frequently
- Asked Questions: READ BEFORE POSTING'';
- (2) all NEWS.ANSWERS archives, as ``desqview-faq'' (the only
- exception to the naming rule);
- (3) SIMTEL20 and mirrors (see Q7) in the DESQVIEW directory; and
- (4) DVNet (see Q7).
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- SUGGESTIONS, ERRORS, CRITICISMS...
-
- Please, send me any comments on this FAQ list. Since this FAQ is being
- distributed beyond Usenet, here's how to reach me from other networks.
- From the Internet or Usenet: write to ``bodoh@xraylith.wisc.edu''.
- From Fidonet: write to ``Daniel Bodoh 1:121/99.0''
- From Compuserve: write to ``>INTERNET:bodoh@xraylith.wisc.edu''.
- From DECnet: write to ``cxrl::bodoh''
- From Bitnet: write to ``bodoh@xraylith''
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- FORMAT OF FAQ (Important!)
-
- Questions are listed in the ``QUESTIONS'' section, and are labelled Q1
- through Q33. Answers, labelled A1 through A31 are given with the
- labelled question in the following section. Finally, the contributors
- are credited. Cross references are made, for example, with ``(see Q2)''.
-
- Because Quarterdeck sells a variety of DESQview products, the term
- "DESQview" can be vague. In this FAQ list, "DESQview" refers to any of
- the DESQview packages that Quarterdeck sells. References to specific
- packages will be made with either the package name or with a shorthand
- notation:
- DVC refers to the original DESQview package, now informally
- called ``DESQview Classic''.
- DV386 refers to DESQview/386 or the DESQview Classic and QEMM-386
- combination (see Q2).
- DVX386 refers to DESQview/X-386.
- DVX286 refers to DESQview/X-286.
- DVX refers to both DESQview/X-286 and DESQview/X-386.
- At the end of some of the questions, there may be a note of the form
- ``QW:216:QRAM.TEC''. This is a cross reference to the Quarterdeck White
- Papers, which are published by Quarterdeck. QW:216:QRAM.TEC refers to
- Quarterdeck White Paper #216, file name QRAM.TEC. The White Pages are
- available on Quarterdecks BBS and on SIMTEL20 (see Q7).
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- QUESTIONS
-
- Q1: What is DESQview?
- Q2: Besides DESQview, what other products does Quarterdeck sell, and what
- are the current versions?
- Q3: What types of programs can DESQview run?
- Q4: What type of computer is required for DESQview?
- Q5: How can I upgrade my 80286 for best DESQview performance?
- Q6: Does DESQview and DESQview/X support Super VGA or video coprocessors?
- Q7: Where can I get freeware and shareware DESQview programs?
- Q8: I want to write software for DESQview and DVX. Where can I get the API?
- Q9: I've heard that DESQview does preemptive multitasking. What does that
- mean?
- Q10: Why do the other windows slow to a virtual halt when one window accesses
- the floppy disk?
- Q11: Can Windows run under DESQview?
- Q12: Can I make something like AUTOEXEC.BAT for DESQview, so that certain
- windows open every time I run DESQview?
- Q13: Can text and graphics be displayed at the same time with Hercules?
- Q14: How do I use two monitors under DESQview?
- Q15: What are Exceptions 12 and 13?
- Q16: What determines the amount of conventional memory that DESQview claims
- for itself and takes away from programs?
- Q17: What are some programs that are incompatible with DESQview?
- Q18: I'm having a problem {configuring DESQview, running a program, etc.}.
- How do I fix it?
- Q19: How can I contact Quarterdeck?
- Q20: What books are available on DESQview?
- Q21: What are the command-line switches for DESQview/QEMM/QRAM?
- Q22: How can I configure DESQview for maximum window memory?
- Q23: What is NOFF.SHP {NOFF.SHR}?
- Q24: How can I increase DESQview's performance?
- Q25: My {9600 or greater} BPS modem drops characters under DESQview. Is high
- speed communication possible under DESQview?
- Q26: Why doesn't ANSI.SYS work in DESQview?
- Q27: Why does the mouse pointer disappear after running certain programs?
- Q28: What are those files SWAP*.DV in my DV directory? Can I delete them?
- Q29: What does ``Optimize Communications'' in DESQview's setup program do?
- Q30: What do I need if I want to use DESQview/X's networking features?
- Q31: What do each of the four Protection Levels mean?
- Q32: How can I load two or more shared programs in a window?
- Q33: When running Windows under DESQview, I get an ``Incorrect DOS Version''
- message. How do I fix this?
- Q34: How can I make the tilde (~) character work when I open an Xterm window
- on my unix machine?
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
-
- Q1: What is DESQview?
-
- A1: DESQview is a program written by Quarterdeck Office Systems of Santa
- Monica, California, USA. It allows true preemptive multitasking (see
- Q9) on 8088, 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, V20 and V30 machines running
- MS-DOS (see Q4). While MS-DOS is still considered the PC's operating
- system, DESQview provides services similar to more advanced multitasking
- operating systems.
-
- QW:195:286.TEC, QW:266:DV&DVX.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q2: Besides DESQview, what other products does Quarterdeck sell, and what
- are the current versions?
-
- A2: [Versions are the latest known as of the date of the FAQ. If you see a
- newer version, please let me know.]
-
- Quarterdeck has two types of ``upgrades'': major upgrades and
- compatibility updates. The former involves a changing of the digit
- before or immediately after the decimal point and represents significant
- enhancements to the product's performance. The latter reflect minor
- changes generally of interest to a small number of users.
-
- DESQview (DVC) 2.42 (2.52 with DVX386, not available otherwise)
- An excellent DOS multitasker. If you are wondering why it has such
- a funny name, here's the official explanation from Quarterdeck: the
- original product was called DESQ (the Q was from Quarterdeck). When
- Quarterdeck made it TopView-compatible (see Q23) the "view" was
- added.
-
- QEMM-386 6.02 (6.03 with DVX386, not available otherwise)
- A memory manager for 80386+ machines. QEMM will convert extended
- memory to XMS memory (replacing HIMEM.SYS) and LIM EMS 4.0 memory.
- With the associated utilities, you can load TSRs, device drivers,
- and DOS data structures into high memory in order to gain
- conventional memory for large programs. Manifest is provided with
- QEMM. QEMM is a VCPI server and can also be a DPMI host with the
- QDPMI product (see below). If you plan to use DESQview on a 386,
- you should choose QEMM over other memory managers. It is smaller
- and faster than other memory managers, can give you more upper
- memory, and certain functions in DESQview will only work if QEMM is
- the memory manager. It is also the only memory manager that allows
- you to run Windows in Standard mode inside or outside of DESQview.
-
- QDPMI 1.0
- In conjunction with QEMM, QDPMI acts as a DPMI host for programs
- that require DPMI. QDMPI is available to registered QEMM users
- free of charge from the Quarterdeck BBS (see Q7) or for a nominal
- price with documentation from Quarterdeck.
-
- QEMM-50/60 6.0 (not sure about minor version number)
- Similar to QEMM-386, but specifically for PS/2 models 50 and 60
- which are 80286-based machines. It will only work with certain
- memory expansion boards and requires disabling of motherboard
- memory. For more details, get the QOS tech note QEMM5060.TEC,
- available from SIMTEL20 and other sites (see Q7).
-
- DESQview/386 (DV386) 2.42
- Actually DESQview/386 is a copy of DESQview and QEMM in the same
- package. If you already have DESQview, purchasing QEMM will give
- you DV386.
-
- QRAM 2.0
- A memory manager for 8088 through 80286 machines. QRAM will
- provide UMBs (Upper Memory Blocks, memory greater than 640K but
- less than 1024K). To do this requires either LIM EMS 4.0, EEMS, a
- memory management chip or a 286 motherboard with C&T's NEAT, LEAP
- or SCAT chip set. The UMBs can be used to load TSRs, device
- drivers, and DOS data structures into high memory in order to gain
- conventional memory for large programs. Manifest is provided with
- QRAM. BTW, QRAM is pronounced like ``cram'' (I always called it
- ``kee-u-ram'').
-
- MANIFEST 1.12 (1.14 with DV/X, not available otherwise)
- Manifest is a ``system information'' utility. It displays hardware
- information, memory usage, internal DOS structures and much more.
-
- DESQview Companions 1.1
- A set of utility programs, including a calculator, datebook,
- notepad, and terminal emulator.
-
- DESQview/X-386 (DVX386) 1.02
- DESQview/X-386 is DV386 with an industry-standard graphical user
- interface. It contains an X-windows server, which allows you to
- interact with X-windows programs running on Unix machines, or DOS
- text and X clients running on other DESQview/X machines (see Q30).
- Using the fonts provided, you can make use of your SVGA to have
- many small 80x25 windows open on the screen simultaneously.
-
- The DVX386 package contains DESQview/386 2.52, QEMM-386 6.03 and
- Manifest 1.14. These versions are not available separately. It
- also contains 4 DESQview/X Companions: an Application Manager (like
- Window's Program Manager), a File Manager, the Adobe Type Manager
- and an Icon Editor.
-
- DESQview/X-286 (DVX286) (Rumored)
- This will be DESQview/X for the 286. DVX286 will actually DVX386
- packaged with QRAM. Quarterdeck hasn't released because of memory
- difficulties.
-
- OSF/Motif Window Manager 1.0
- Replaces the native DESQview/X window manager for a different look
- and feel.
-
- OPEN LOOK Window Manager 1.0
- Replaces the native DESQview/X window manager for a different look
- and feel.
-
- DESQview and DESQview/X programming tools
- See Q8.
-
- QW:186:QEMM5060.TEC, QW:216:QRAM.TEC, QW:266:DV&DVX.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q3: What types of programs can DESQview run?
-
- A3: There are three types of DESQview programs: DESQview-oblivious programs,
- DESQview-aware programs, and DESQview-specific programs.
-
- According to the DESQview manual, DESQview-oblivious programs are those which
- are ``written without any consideration for DESQview''. These include
- standard DOS programs like word processors and spreadsheets.
-
- Some standard DOS programs have the ability to detect the presence of
- DESQview. These programs are considered DESQview-aware. The advantage of
- DESQview-aware programs is better system performance, because DESQview does
- not have to make conservative assumptions about the program. A
- DESQview-aware program gives up the CPU when it doesn't need it, and if it
- writes directly to the screen it instead writes to a DESQview-provided video
- buffer so it can run in a small window (see Q23). If you'd like to make your
- program DESQview-aware, there is code provided in Appendix J of the DESQview
- manual.
-
- DESQview-specific programs can only be run while DESQview is active. These
- programs use the window management, interprocess communication and other
- services that are built into DESQview (called the DESQview Applications
- Program Interface (API)).
-
- DESQview will multitask all programs, regardless of type.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q4: What type of computer is required for DESQview?
-
- A4: DESQview Classic can multitask programs on an 8088, 8086, 80286,
- 80386sx, 80386dx, 80486sx, 80486dx, V20 or V30. DVX386 will only run
- on an 80386sx or better.
-
- 8088/8086/80286/V20/V30
- DVC will run in one of three ways one these machines. For
- additional information, get the file DV286.ZIP from SIMTEL20 (see
- Q7).
-
- (1) If you have true hardware compatible LIM EMS 4.0 (or EEMS)
- memory board and are able to disable some conventional memory, DVC
- will remap expanded memory to conventional memory addresses to
- multitask ``well-behaved'' programs in.
-
- (2) If you use a plug-in memory management chip such as a
- All-Charge Card or a SOTA POP card, it will provide the memory
- mapping needed to allow DVC to multitask programs beyond 640K.
-
- (3) If you have neither a LIM EMS 4.0 memory card or a memory
- management chip, DVC will still multitask as many programs as
- possible in the available conventional memory (see Q5).
-
- Besides the memory problem, on a machine less than an 80386 and
- without QEMM, DESQview will not be able to run programs in a small
- window or in the background if the program writes directly to video
- memory (see Q2). If the program has a switch to allow BIOS screen
- output, use it, or convince the programmer to make the program
- DESQview-aware (see Q3).
-
- 80386sx/80386dx/80486sx/80486dx
- DV386 (or the combination of DESQview and QEMM (see Q2)) and DVX386
- will multitask programs in all of the available extended memory.
-
- Although DVC can multitask on any machine, the minimum suggested
- configuration is an 80386sx with 2 megabytes of memory and QEMM. For
- breathing room, at least 4 megabytes of memory is suggested.
-
- DVX386 requires at least 4 megabytes and an 80386sx. Eight megabytes of
- memory is roughly equivalent to 4 megabytes under DVC.
-
- QW:195:286.TEC, QW:231:DV386.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q5: How can I upgrade my 80286 for best DESQview performance?
-
-
- A5: A 80286 can be upgraded with LIM EMS 4.0 expanded memory, a memory
- management chip, a plug-in 386 adapter, or a new 386 motherboard. The
- cost of all these ``upgrades'' is about the same. All of them have some
- negatives as well.
-
- (1) If you are unsure how much of your 286 conventional memory can
- disabled, getting LIM EMS 4.0 memory may not help you. For the record
- the listed 286 motherboards can be set to the minimum conventional
- memory as follows:
- AST Premium 286 0K
- IBM AT (6 Mhz) 256K
- COMPAQ 286 256K
-
- Most AT clones have a minimum of 512K (eighteen 256Kx1 DRAMs). The
- motherboard can only be disabled to 256K or lower if it supports 64K
- DRAMs, or if the system setup allows you to specify a value less than
- the actual amount of memory installed.
-
- If you have information on the minimum conventional memory of any other
- 286 motherboard, please forward it to the editor (see above).
-
- (2) If you get a memory management chip, an All-Charge Card or a SOTA
- POP, you will still not get the memory protection available with the
- 80386 (see Q4).
-
- (3) If you get a 386 Adapter to replace the 286 CPU chip, there has been
- ``some reported'' compatibility problems. Also, it will not run as fast
- the corresponding 386 motherboard of the same clock speed.
-
- (4) If you get a new 386 (or 386SX) motherboard, there is some hassle to
- get it installed and working but probably no more than with the 386
- Adapter kits.
-
- QW:195:286.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q6: Does DESQview and DESQview/X support Super VGA or video coprocessors?
-
- A6: This issue has two answers: one for DVC and another for DVX.
- DESQview Classic
- Yes and no. When DVC is placing windows on the screen, it cannot use
- any of the 132 column modes provided by Super VGA cards. The smallest
- text font that DVC and DV386 provides to VGA+ users is 60 rows by 80
- columns. Since video support is hardcoded into DVC and DV386, there is
- no way to write a video driver for Super VGA cards.
-
- Inside a window, any resolution can be used. The problem occurs when
- you switch away from the window and come back. DESQview will corrupt
- the window unless it has a resolution of 800x600x16 or less. Except in
- rare cases, DESQview cannot handle 256 colors at more than 320x200. A
- few cards will reportedly work at 1024x768x16 as well. Note that at
- these higher resolutions, ``Graphics Pages'' in Change A Program must
- be set to 4.
-
- Quarterdeck is currently researching solutions to this problem.
-
-
- DESQview/X
- All DESQview/X output is in graphics mode, so it benefits greatly from
- Super VGA. Performance is increased significantly with video
- coprocessor cards. However, DESQview/X currently supports only a
- limited set of VGA chip sets.
-
- DESQview/X 1.0 supports the following SVGA chipsets:
-
- Manufacturer Chipset Number Highest Resolution
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
- ATI 28800 800x600
- Chips and Technologies 82C451 800x600
- Chips and Technologies 82C452 1024x768
- Genoa VGA ET3000, 6400 800x600
- Western Digital Imaging PVGA1a, WD90C00,WD90C10, WD90C11, WD90C31*
- 800x600
- Trident 8800, 8900 800x600 (256 colors
- unsupported)
- Tseng Labs ET3000 800x600
- Tseng Labs ET4000 1024x768
- Headland Technologies VEGA 800x600
- Headland Technologies V7VGA 1024x768
-
- * The WD90C31 can support the modes of the WD90C11. DVX will NOT
- detect its presence but you can put the values in using Setup /
- Advanced / Display / VGA Custom
- 800 600 256 305C
- and then save your changes.
-
- 8514/a and hardware compatibles and DGIS boards are also supported.
- These boards significantly increase video speed (see Q24).
-
- DESQview/X does not currently support the S3 chip, but may in the
- future. However, you *may* be able to use the VESA 800x600x16 mode by
- editing the DVX.CFG file and changing the ``screen'' line to ``screen
- 800x600:6ah'' You may also need to change the ``type VGA'' line to
- ``type VG8''. This is not guaranteed to work.
-
- The TIGA interface is not yet supported, but will be in a future
- release. However, the DGIS interface is supported.
-
- For reference, here is an incomplete list of video coprocessor cards and
- their compatibilities. If you know of any that are not in this list,
- please forward the information to bodoh@xraylith.wisc.edu.
-
- Model Chipset Manufacturer Driver Interface
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- Desktop AGA 1024 TI TIGA, application
- interface level drvr for 8514
- ATI 8514/Ultra ATI 8514/A Relies on 8514 drvr
- Spectragraphics Squeegee TI DGIS
- National Volante AT1000 TI TIGA
- SOTA 340i TI DGIS, adapter
- interface compatible--8514
- Appian Rendition II TI TIGA
- ADEX 8514/AT256 Western Dig. 8514/A Relies on 8514 drvrs
- Western Digital 8514/A W.D. 8514/A 8514
- Hercules Graphics Station
- Card GB 1024+2 TI TIGA
- NEC Multisync
- Graphics Engine TI DGIS
- Nth Engine /150 Chips & Technology 8514 relies on 8514
- HP Intelligent Graphics Controller 20 TI
- TIGA, DGIS
- Vermont Cobra Plus TI TIGA, adapter
- interface compatible--8514
- Artist XJS-1024 TI relies on TIGA
- Rasterex Liberty 810AT TI TIGA, adapter
- interface compatible--8514
-
- Most TIGA & DGIS have custom drivers for their supported software eg.
- WP, HG CAD
-
- QW:148:VGA.TEC, QW:256:XVIDEO.TEC, QW:208:XGA.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q7: Where can I get freeware and shareware DESQview programs?
-
- A7: There are quite a few DESQview repositories available, depending on what
- network access you have.
-
- BBS
- The official Quarterdeck BBS can be reached at (310) 314-3227. It
- supports 1200-9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity.
-
- SIMTEL20 files (see below) are available for downloading from
- Detroit Download Central (313) 885-3956. DDC has multiple lines
- which support 300/1200/2400/9600/14400 bps (103/ 212/ V22bis/ HST/
- V32bis/ V42bis/ MNP). This is a subscription system with an
- average hourly cost of 17 cents. It is also accessable on Telenet
- via PC Pursuit and on Tymnet via StarLink outdial.
-
- Fidonet
- Many Fidonet nodes belong to DVNet, the DESQview File Distribution
- Network. It is coordinated by Peter Stern at 1:17/38. A monthly
- posting to the DESQview echo on Fidonet lists the nodes
- participating in DVNet.
-
- Internet (via anonymous ftp)
- WSMR-SIMTEL20.ARMY.MIL [192.88.110.20]
- Three directories on SIMTEL are of interest to DV/QEMM users:
- PD1:<MSDOS.DESQVIEW>
- Many DESQview programs, .DVPs, etc.
- PD1:<MSDOS.DV-X>
- DVX-specific programs, icons, etc.
- PD1:<MSDOS.QEMM>
- QEMM programs, information
- PD1:<MSDOS.QTRDECK>
- Information relating to all Quarterdeck products. The
- Quarterdeck White Pages are stored here as QW920327.ZIP.
- They are very useful for solving problems.
-
- Other directories may contain DESQview-aware (see Q3)
- programs. In each of the three directories, the file
- 00-INDEX.TXT contains a list of all the files available in
- that directory.
-
- OAK.OAKLAND.EDU [141.210.10.117]
- A SIMTEL20 mirror. The DESQview directory is
- /pub/msdos/desqview. This is the most up-to-date mirror of
- SIMTEL20.
-
- WUARCHIVE.WUSTL.EDU [128.252.135.4]
- Another SIMTEL20 mirror. The DESQview directory is
- /mirrors/msdos/desqview.
-
- NIC.FUNET.FI [128.214.6.100], SRC.DOC.IC.AC.UK [146.169.3.7],
- RANA.CC.DEAKIN.OZ.AU [128.184.1.4], ARCHIE.AU [139.130.4.6], &
- NIC.SWITCH.CH [130.59.1.40]
- SIMTEL20 mirrors for non-North Americans
-
- HAYES.IMS.ALASKA.EDU [137.229.40.200]
- Contains some of the programs available on DVNet in the
- directory /dvnet. The file ``prog.dvn'' is a list of all the
- programs available on DVNet. The file ``dvnet.lst'' is a list
- of all the Fidonet BBSs that participate in DVNet.
-
- UUCP
-
- SIMTEL files can be requested via UUCP from UUNET's 1-900-GOT-SRCS.
- See UUNET file uunet!~/info/archive-help for details.
-
- Email-only
-
- If you do not have FTP access to SIMTEL20, files may be ordered by
- e-mail from LISTSERV@VM1.NODAK.EDU or LISTSERV@VM.ECS.RPI.EDU.
- If you are on BITNET: LISTSERV@NDSUVM1 or LISTSERV@RPIECS
- If your mailer knows domains: listserv@vm1.nodak.edu or
- listserv@vm.ecs.rpi.edu
- If your mailer wants bang paths: uunet!vm1.nodak.edu!listserv
- or uunet!vm.ecs.rpi.edu!listserv
-
- If you use bang paths, substitute your nearest neighbor which is
- also on the Internet for uunet in the examples above. Some
- examples are: ames, decvax, decwrl, harvard, hplabs, nosc, rutgers,
- sharkey, sun, ucbvax, ucsd, udel, uw-beaver, wuarchive.
-
- Send this command to the server to get its help file:
-
- GET PDGET HELP
-
- Sample command (which gets the catalog of MS-DOS files):
-
- /PDGET MAIL PD:<MSDOS.FILEDOCS>SIMLIST.ARC UUENCODE
-
- These commands should be sent as the body of a regular email
- message. Do not include a signature because it confuses the server.
- If you have xxdecode, you may wish to specify XXENCODE instead of
- UUENCODE to avoid character translation problems.
-
- To get a catalog of the DESQview files only, use
- /PDGET MAIL PD1:<MSDOS.DESQVIEW>00-INDEX.TXT UUENCODE
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q8: I want to write software for DESQview and DVX. Where can I get the API?
-
- A8: There are two separate programming paths: DESQview API programming and X
- Windows programming.
-
- Programming under the DESQview API allows you to use all the
- multitasking features of DVC and DVX - process and task creation,
- interprocess communication and character window output.
-
- X programming is only available under DESQview/X. X Window programming
- allows you to write computer-independent graphics interfaces. You can
- combine DESQview API programming and X Window programming if you write
- small real-mode programs. Quarterdeck has ported only part of the API
- to protected-mode X programming.
-
- The DESQview API is built into every copy of DESQview and DESQview/X as
- INT 15h calls. A list of the documented and undocumented INT 15h calls
- is available for free in DVINT, a DESQview/QEMM-specific excerpt of the
- Interrupt List maintained by Ralf Brown.
-
- Also for free is DVGLUE, a DESQview 2.01 API for Turbo C. DVGLUE and
- DVINT make a good combination for freeware and shareware programmers who
- want to get into DESQview programming at a small cost.
-
- Recently, Quarterdeck has significantly reduced the prices for their API
- and associated tools. The tools include the API reference manual ($25),
- various language-specific libraries (C, Pascal, Dbase, etc., $100 each
- including the API manual), a panel designer for screen layout, and other
- tools (see Q19). Third party reference books are also available (see
- Q20).
-
- Although the X Windows interfaces are available in every copy of
- DESQview/X, the INT 15 and mailbox interface to it is not published and
- is not completely known yet. However, there is still an inexpensive
- option.
-
- DJGPP, an MSDOS 386 port of the GNU C compiler is available on the
- Internet. Quarterdeck has released DJGPP-compatible X libraries without
- documentation for free with GNU C. This free version is available on
- the Internet and on BBSs:
- The Batchelor Pad BBS
- The complete qddvx101.zip file, and the complete DJGPP 2.2.2
- development environment are available via modem at 310-494-1024.
- login: qddvx password: gnuc
- This account has five hours per day, and can only download files
- from the Quarterdeck directory on the batpad. When the five hours
- are used up, you must wait until the next day. The login dumps you
- directly into the correct directory to find these files. The
- default protocol is ZModem MobyTurbo (DSZ), and speeds from
- 2400-14,400 bps V.32bis are supported. If you change the protocol,
- please set it back to ZModem when you are done.
-
- The Internet
- The file qddvx101.zip can be downloaded from these anonymous ftp
- sites:
- hpb.mcc.ac.uk /pub/djgpp
- du9ds4.fb9dv.uni-duisbugr.de /pub/gnu/gnuMSDOS/djgpp
- sun0.urz.uni-heidelberg.de /pub/msdos/simtel/djgpp
- utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp /ftpsync/djgcc/dj
- akiu.gw.tohoku.ac.jp /pub/msdos/djgpp/dj
- src.doc.ic.ac.uk /computing/systems/ibmpc/djgpp
- rigel.acs.oakland.edu /pub/msdos/djgpp
- ifs.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp /DOS-EXTENDER/386/djgpp/mirror
-
- A special base-level DESQview/X X11 Starter Toolkit, for use with the
- DJGPP GNU C/C++ compiler only, includes disks containing the full X11 R4
- programming libraries, the DESQview/X system library with Berkeley
- Socket Interface, sample programs, make files for GNU, the DESQview/X
- Roadmap documentation, and the GNU C/C++ compiler. The starter kit sells
- for $50.
-
- The complete DESQview/X X11 Toolkit, priced at $750, includes: X11 R4
- programming libraries, the DESQview/X system library with Berkeley
- Socket Interface, sample programs, make files and library support for
- Microsoft C, Borland C++, Zortech C++, Rational Instant C, Watcom C/386,
- Metaware High C, and GNU C/C++ compilers, the DESQview/X Roadmap,
- O'Reilly X Reference and Programming Guides (Volumes 1, 2, 4, and 5),
- Rational Systems DOS/4GX DOS extender tools, Instant C development
- environment, Oxygen, and Quarterdeck's Developer Passport Support.
-
- There is also an a la carte version of the toolkit available. Contact
- Quarterdeck (see Q19) for prices.
-
- Quarterdeck's OSF/Motif (v. 1.1.5) Development Toolkit, priced at $150,
- includes: Motif Widget libraries, Motif Resource Management library,
- Motif User Interface Language (UIL) compiler, sample programs, O'Reilly
- Volume 6, Motif Programming Manual, the DESQview/X OSF/Motif Roadmap and
- the DESQview/X end user OSF/Motif Window Manager. The Motif libraries
- can be used to build applications with a standard look and feel.
-
- The prices above are Quarterdeck prices; the price on the street is
- usually a lot better. One source of API tools is the Programmer's
- Connection, at
- Programmer's Connection, Inc.
- 7249 Whipple Ave. NW
- North Canton, OH 44720-7143
- 1-800-336-1166 (US and Canada)
- (216) 494-8715 (International)
- (216) 494-5260 (FAX)
-
- QW:211:APIBRO.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q9: I've heard that DESQview does preemptive multitasking. What does that
- mean?
-
-
- A9: Let's say you have one toy (the 80x86 processor in our case) and 5
- children (5 programs that you want to run under DESQview
- simultaneously). There are two ways that Dad (DESQview) can let each
- child play with the toy.
-
- (1) Dad gives the toy to one of the children, who plays with it until
- she gets bored. Then she returns the toy to Dad, who gives it to one of
- the other children. This repeats until all the children have played
- with the toy, and then Dad starts over with the first child.
-
- (2) Dad gives the toy to one of the children, and starts a timer. If
- the child gets bored with the toy before the timer expires, she gives it
- back to Dad. However, if she still holds the toy when the timer
- expires, Dad reminds her that good children must share, and takes it
- away from her. He then gives it to the next child and restarts the
- timer. When all the children have played with the toy, Dad returns it
- to the first child. She continues playing with it where she left off.
-
- Sometimes one of the children may want to take the toy apart. Since none
- of the other children wants to play with a disassembled toy, the child
- will request that Dad not take away the toy until the child says he can.
- In that way, the child can re-assemble the toy before any other child
- gets it.
-
- The first method is called ``non-preemptive'' and conversely, the second
- is called ``preemptive''. It is generally agreed that preemptive
- multitasking is much better because one program cannot accidently
- ``hog'' the CPU. One of the major technical differences between
- DESQview and Windows is that DESQview preemptively multitasks all
- programs, while Windows does non-preemptive multitasking of Windows
- applications.
-
- When a program running under DESQview calls a DOS or BIOS function, it
- effectively ``disassembled the toy''. DESQview recognizes this and
- temporarily suspends any other program that attempts to make a DOS or
- BIOS call until the current DOS or BIOS call ends (see Q10).
-
- DESQview-oblivious programs (see Q3) can act like selfish children when
- they are waiting for keyboard entry. Even though they aren't playing
- with the toy, they keep hold of it. Shareware and freeware programs are
- available for forcing these programs to share the toy (see Q24).
-
- QW:152:MULTI-T.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q10: Why do the other windows slow to a virtual halt when one window accesses
- the floppy disk?
-
-
- A10: Both DOS and the BIOS disk access functions are non-reentrant, i.e. they
- may not be called again while one call is in progress. DESQview thus
- handles both as ``serially reusable resources,'' and suspends a window
- making such a call until any current call completes.
-
- Since programs make many DOS calls other than disk I/O, they can become
- blocked while another window is accessing the disk even when they
- themselves are not trying to access the disk. The same suspension
- occurs when a program accesses the disk via BIOS calls, but only when
- some other window is also accessing the disk; thus, a non-disk DOS call
- can execute at the same time as a disk-related BIOS call.
-
- When the disk being accessed is a hard disk, the call completes so
- quickly that there is no obvious degradation in the performance of other
- windows. When accessing a floppy disk, however, the call can take
- multiple seconds to complete, during which time it is highly likely that
- other windows will be suspended for a noticeable length of time.
-
- To minimize the impact of copying or formatting, try using shareware
- programs such as DVCOPY, LTFORMAT and FDFORMAT (see Q7).
-
- QW:230:DVFLOPPY.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q11: Can Windows run under DESQview?
-
-
- A11: Yes, Windows can run under DESQview, but only in Real and Standard mode.
- Windows in Enhanced mode becomes an 80386 DPMI control program and there
- can only be one such control program at a time (see Q17).
-
- Under DESQview/X, Windows can be run in a small window, because
- DESQview/X can convert the Windows output into X requests. Page 143 of
- the DVX manual discusses how to run Windows under DVX.
-
- QW:170:WIN3.TEC, QW:242:WIN31.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q12: Can I make something like AUTOEXEC.BAT for DESQview, so that certain
- windows open every time I run DESQview?
-
-
- A12: Yes. In DESQview Classic there are basically two methods:
- (1) Use the ! method in the script language.
- (2) Use a batch file in the first (BD) window.
-
- Method (1) is more useful in turnkey applications - method (2) is better
- (i.e., more flexible) for general use.
-
- To use method 1, do something like this:
-
- copy con foo.dvt
- {Learn {F12} "!Startup"}
- ...
- {Finish}
- ^Z
- convscr t foo.dvt desqview.dvs
-
- (``...'' are your DV script commands to do what you want to do)
-
- To use Method 2, get hold of one of the many ``start a window from the
- command line'' utilities. One of these is RUN, part of the DVSI package
- available on SIMTEL20 and mirrors (see Q7).
-
- Then write a batch file that uses RUN to create the windows you need,
- and put that batch file in the Program field of BD-PIF.DVP. Then you
- can start up the windows just by hitting return twice when DV starts up
- (assuming BD is the first program on your open menu). This is what I
- do. Or, for total automation, you can make a startup script as above,
- consisting of OBD.
-
- Under DESQview/X, edit the file ``DVX.CFG'' which is in the \DVX
- directory. Add the name of the DVP (without the .DVP extension) to the
- CLIENT line. Or, use the SETUP program which will edit DVX.CFG for you.
- DESQview/X assumes that the DVP you specify in the CLIENT line is in the
- directory \DVX\DVPS.
-
- QW:153:AUTOSCRI.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q13: Can text and graphics be displayed at the same time with Hercules?
-
-
- A13: Yes, as long as 90x43 mode display mode is used. If the graphics bleeds
- through from the background, you can switch to 80x25 mode.
-
- However, there is no way to detect whether or not the Hercules card is
- currently in text or graphics mode if a program switches between these
- two modes by manipulating the registers of the card. In this case
- DESQview will not notice that the graphics mode has changed. Quarterdeck
- has put a utility DVHERC on the distribution disk that is intended to
- help users switch to the correct mode in such events. DVHERC is a TSR
- program. However DESQview can sometimes be very stubborn and will not
- recognize this change. In such cases it will again switch to the wrong
- mode as soon as one switches to a different window.
-
- QW:203:DVHERC.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q14: How do I use two monitors under DESQview?
-
- A14: You can use two monitors only in DVC and DV386. DVX does not support
- two monitors.
-
- DVC and DV386 will only control one of your monitors, and by default all
- programs will use the monitor that DESQview controls. There are a
- number of ways to make programs start up on the ``other'' monitor. Since
- you will usually want DESQview to control the color monitor (except
- perhaps in the case of a CGA), the following discussion assumes that
- DESQview is controlling the color monitor and not the monochrome
- monitor.
-
- First, you can use a batch file and include a ``MODE MONO'' statement to
- switch the program to the monochrome monitor. Second, you can use the
- ``initial mode'' field to specify the monitor on which the program will
- start (however, this setting is ignored unless you also set ``writes
- directly to screen'' to Y and ``virtualize'' to N). By setting the
- initial mode to 7, you force the program to use the monochrome monitor
- until it explicitly switches monitors. Note that DESQview tends to stop
- updating the monochrome screen while the program is in the background if
- the program ever switches to the color display (including starting on
- the color display with the first method above).
-
- The initial mode can also be set to 21 or 22 for Hercules Graphics mode.
- These modes only allow one page of mono graphics (see Q13). Mode 21 is
- Page 0 at address B000h, and Mode 22 is Page 1 at address B800h. Hence,
- Mode 22 is not available with two monitors (it conflicts with color
- video).
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q15: What are Exceptions 12 and 13?
-
- A15: An exception 12 (or 13) is caused by the program you are running doing
- something that it is not allowed to do on a 80386 while in Virtual 8086
- (V86) mode. Since QEMM is the 386 ``control program,'' it can only
- report the error caused by the user program. The main cause is operand
- wrapping past the last address in segment, 65,535 (FFFF in hex)
-
- Note that exceptions are only reported by QEMM, and are not caused by
- either QEMM or DESQview. They are caused by old programs that assume
- they are running on an 80286 or less; or by a program that ``crashed''.
-
- From the INTEL ``80386 Programmer's Reference Manual,''
- PART III - COMPATIBILITY
- chapter 15, VIRTUAL 8086 MODE
- Section 15.6 DIFFERENCES FROM 8086
- Stated ``reasons'' 6, 7 & 8
- (pages 15-10 & 15-11)
-
- Quoting from the INTEL manual:
-
- 15.6 DIFFERENCES FROM 8086
- In general, V86 mode will correctly execute software designed for
- the 8086, 8088, 80186 and 80188. Following is a list of the minor
- differences between 8086 execution on the 80386 and on an 8086.
-
- ... (only those causing exception 12 or 13 are listed)
-
- 6. Redundant prefixes.
- The 80386 sets a limit of 15 bytes on instruction length. The only
- way to violate this limit is by putting redundant prefixes before
- an instruction. Exception 13 occurs if the limit on instruction
- length is violated. The 8086/8088 has no instruction limit.
-
- 7. Operand crossing offset 0 or 65,535.
- On the 8086, an attempt to access a memory operand that crosses
- offset 65,535 (e.g., MOV a word to offset 65,535) or offset 0
- (e.g., PUSH a word when SP = 1) causes the offset to wrap around
- modulo 65,535. The 80386 raises an exception in these cases -
- exception 13 if the data segment (i.e., if CS, DS, ES, FS, or GS is
- being used to address the segment), exception 12 if the segment is
- a stack segment (i.e., if SS is being used.)
-
- 8. Sequential execution across offset 65,535.
- On the 8086, if sequence execution of instructions proceeds past
- offset 65,535, the processor fetches the next instruction byte from
- offset 0 of the same segment. On the 80386, the processor raises
- exception 13 in such a case.
-
- In order to fix an Exception 13, you can try to load the program causing
- it into a different area of memory. To do this, try increasing your
- FILES or BUFFERS, or loading some TSRs low rather than high, etc.
- However, the best solution is to contact the programmer. Another
- possible solution is to increase the amount of memory specified in
- Change A Program.
-
- QW:142:EXCEPT13.TEC, QW:232:EX13FLOW.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q16: What determines the amount of conventional memory that DESQview claims
- for itself and takes away from programs?
-
- A16: Using XDV.COM, DESQview Classic or DESQview-386 can load most of itself
- into upper and high memory so conventional memory is preserved. However,
- loading many TSRs or DOS high (see Q22) will reduce the amount of
- DESQview that can be loaded high (i.e. in the XMA - the first 64K of
- extended memory). DVX386 automatically loads itself into high memory.
-
- DESQview also sets aside a portion of conventional memory and calls it
- ``Common Memory''. The amount that DESQview allocates can be decreased
- in DVSETUP, but the minimum is about 14K. Certain programs such as DVSI
- (a set of shareware utilities by Daniel Bodoh) require the amount of
- Common Memory to be larger than the minimum. A large Open Window menu
- or many ``shared programs'' will also increase the required amount of
- Common Memory.
-
- Each window has an area of memory called ``System Memory''. The amount
- of System Memory available to a program is controlled by three separate
- entries on the Change A Program screen. First, since DESQview stores
- the window image in System Memory, decreasing the number of text pages
- and maximum window size decreases System Memory usage. Second, since
- most programs do not explicitly use System Memory, the System Memory
- field can be set to 1K or 0K.
-
- The pool of System Memory only reduces the maximum window memory for
- that particular window, and does not affect the other windows. You can
- see this using the Memory Status program. It will report, say, 592K of
- conventional memory available, but part of that is used for System
- Memory so the actual amount available is less.
-
- QW:161:WINSIZE.TEC, QW:252:MAXWINDO.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q17: What are some programs that are incompatible with DESQview?
-
-
- A17: [Please forward any other known incompatibilities to the editor of this
- FAQ list (see above).]
- Any ``386 Control Program'' that is not VCPI compliant (see Q15).
-
- BitFax
-
- Borland C++ 3.0
- Borland has a patch on Compuserve and the Borland BBS. This patch is
- also available on SIMTEL20 as DPMIFI.ZIP in PD1:<MSDOS.CPLUSPLUS> (see
- Q7).
-
- Colorado Memory Systems, Inc.'s TAPE.EXE
- Incapable of finding a tape drive piggybacked to a floppy adapter when
- run in a DVC window. It does not crash the system, but backups are not
- possible when inside DESQview. Colorado will be fixing this in the
- future. Under DVX, it can find the tape drive.
-
- ConFormat
-
- Diagnostic programs that try to go into protected mode to tested
- extended memory will fail under QEMM. These include QAPLUS and RAMTEST.
- Diagnostic programs should be run from a boot floppy.
-
- DJGPP/DJGPP-compiled programs
- Finally, DJGPP 1.09 available via anonymous FTP from
- BARNACLE.ERC.CLARKSON.EDU [128.152.28.12] in /pub/msdos/djgpp, works
- with DESQview/X (and probably DESQview, too). For those of you who don't
- know, DJGPP is a full 32-bit C/C++ compiler for DOS with a DOS extender
- which allows you to use *all* your 386 memory and your disk as memory.
- DJGPP 1.09 can compile X windows programs written for DESQview/X with
- the companion X libraries (see Q8).
-
- DR DOS 6.0 history feature
- DR DOS works great with DESQview, except for the history feature.
-
- DVFormat by SLR Systems
- Has problems with DESQview/X which Quarterdeck are trying to fix.
-
- Games that use digitized sound without extra sound hardware. Digitized
- sound requires that the timer interrupt be sped up to 8000 or more
- interrupts per second, which DESQview can't deal with. The only
- workaround is to turn off the sound or buy extra sound hardware.
-
- Micronics rev 1.10.05 and 1.10.06 motherboards with Phoenix BIOS
- Incompatible with QEMM-386. The first rev that worked again with QEMM
- was 1.10.10. Contact Phoenix for a BIOS upgrade.
-
- Mountain FileSafe 4000 Tape Backup Software
-
- Microsoft C/C++ 7.00
- MSC requires a DPMI host which until now QEMM did not provide. You can
- now use QDPMI to allow QEMM to become a DPMI host.
-
- MS-Kermit 3.11
- Try setting Optimize Communications in DVSETUP to No. If that doesn't
- work, use the Kermit SET COM command to set the exact interrupt request
- and I/O port used. The problem will be fixed in 3.12.
-
- QA Plus (see above note on Diagnostic programs)
-
- RAMTEST (see above note on Diagnostic programs)
-
- Soundblaster
- Games that use Soundblaster require ``Share CPU'' be set to N or the
- music will be choppy. Some games do work OK, though.
-
- Speed (LandMark Tests 2.00)
- Crashes DESQview
-
- Windows Enhanced Mode
- (see Q11)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q18: I'm having a problem {configuring DESQview, running a program, etc.}.
- How do I fix it?
-
-
- A18: First of all, take a look at the manual. This may seem obvious, but
- you'd be surprised at the number of people that post problems which they
- could have solved themselves by glancing at the manual.
-
- If you still can't figure it out, post a complete description of your
- problem. Don't just say, for example, ``foo.exe doesn't run''. Be
- specific. Post the Change A Program screens, or portions of
- AUTOEXEC.BAT or CONFIG.SYS if relevant. But use some restraint. Don't
- post 18 pages of system configuration information just because you can't
- get foo.exe to print ``Hello, world''.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q19: How can I contact Quarterdeck?
-
-
- A19: Quarterdeck Office Systems
- 150 Pico Boulevard
- Santa Monica, CA, USA 90405
-
- Technical Support:
- Phone: (310) 392-9701
- Fax: (310) 399-3802
- Sales:
- Phone: (310) 392-9851
- Fax: (310) 399-3802
- Customer Service or Orders:
- Phone: (800) 354-3222
-
- QOS BBS: (310) 314-3227 (24 hours/day, 1200-9600, HSD 14.4k and V32bis,
- 8 bits, No parity)
-
- E-mail (for Tech Support):
- Internet/Usenet/UUCP: support@qdeck.com
- Quarterdeck BBS: Sysop
- CompuServe: 76004,2310
- BIX: QOS.REP2
- MCI Mail: QUARTERDECK
- Smartnet: DESQview Conference - Quarterdeck USA
-
- Public Message forums for Quarterdeck Tech support:
- QOS BBS: <T>echnical Support Message System
- CompuServe: ``GO QUARTERDECK''
- BIX: ``JOIN DESQVIEW''
- SmartNet: DESQview Conference
- FidoNet: DESQview Echo (currently no QOS support online)
- RelayNet: DESQVIEW - Quarterdeck USA or Quarterdeck Canada
- ILINK: Multitaskers
- Usenet: comp.os.msdos.desqview - QOS techs are active
-
- Ireland
- -------
- European Headquarters
- Quarterdeck International Ltd.
- B.I.M. House, Crofton Terrace
- Dun Laoghaire, Co.
- Dublin, Ireland
- Phone: +353 1 2844-144
- Fax: +353 1 2844-380
- BBS: +353 1 2844-381
- QFAX: +353 1 2844-383
- Product Information/Registration Cards:
- Phone: +353 1 2841-444
- Fax: +353 1 2844-380
-
-
- United Kingdom
- --------------
- Quarterdeck Office Systems UK Ltd.
- Widford Hall, Widford Hall Lane,
- Chelmsford, Essex, CM2 8TD, United Kingdom
- Technical Support
- Phone: + 4471 973-0663
- Fax: + 4471 973-0664
- BBS: + 4471 973-0661
- QFAX + 4471 973-0665
- Product Information/Upgrade/Registration Cards:
- Phone: + 44 245 496699
- Fax: + 44 245 495284
- BBS: + 44 245 263898
-
-
- Canada
- ------
- Quarterdeck Office Systems Canada, Inc.
- 70 York St., Suite 1220
- Toronto, Ontario M5J 1S9
- Phone: +1 (416) 360-5758
- Fax: +1 (416) 360-4885
- Upgrades: +1 (800) 268-5181
-
-
- Germany
- -------
- Quarterdeck Office Systems GmbH
- Willstaetter Strasse 15
- D-4000 Duesseldorf 11
- Germany
- Technical support:
- Phone: +49 211 / 59790-40
- Fax: +49 211 / 59790-60
- QFAX +49 211 / 59790-65
- Product info, upgrades:
- Phone: +49 211 / 59790-0
- Fax: +49 211 / 594126
-
- France
- ------
- Quarterdeck Office Systems S.A.R.L.,
- 4, Rue de General Lanrezac, 75017 Paris, France.
- Technical Support
- Phone: Int + 33 144-09-03-40
- Fax: + 33 144-09-00-69
- BBS: + 33 144-09-01-07
- QFAX: + 33 144-09-00-81
- Product Information/Upgrade/Registration Cards
- Phone: + 33 144-09-03-91
- Fax: + 33 144-09-03-47
-
-
- Cyprus / Eastern Mediterranean
- ------------------------------
- Quarterdeck Office Systems Middle East Ltd.
- 1 Souliou Street, Suite 103, Strovolos,
- Nicosia, Cyprus.
- Product Information/Upgrade/Registration Cards/Support
- Phone: + 357 2311-630
- Fax: + 357 2311-560
-
-
- Spain
- -----
- Quarterdeck Office Systems S.A.,
- Gran Via de les Courts, Catlanes, 617, 10-3A
- 08007 Barcelona, Spain.
- Product Information/Upgrade/Registration Cards/Support
- Phone: + 343-412-29-45
- Phone: + 343-412-44-41
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q20: What books are available on DESQview?
-
-
- A20: ``DESQview - A Guide to Programming the DESQview Multitasking
- Environment'', by Stephen R. Davis, M&T Books Publishing, 501
- Galveston Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063. 346 pages. 1st Edition,
- 1989.
- [This is a review from Quarterdeck. I've heard from others that this
- books is really not that good and doesn't have many examples. Look it
- over well before you spend any money.] A very good source on programming
- in C using the DESQview API. This is a tutorial book with lots of
- examples. Would be useful to programmers who find the QOS API manuals
- somewhat daunting. All examples are in C, however there is lots of
- general information which would be useful for developers programming in
- any language. Available direct from M&T and bookstores which
- specialize in technical works. Can be ordered from Quarterdeck order
- line at (310) 392-9851 for $24.95 ($39.95 with disk - 5 1/4 inch only).
-
- ``The Official DESQview Sourcebook'', Larry Joel Goldstein, Bantam
- Computer Books, 666 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10103. 351 pages. 1st
- edition - Sept. '89, price $22.95 ($27.95 Canada).
- A comprehensive guide to the use of DESQview, QEMM and the DESQview
- Companions. Contains a section on the DESQview API that may serve as
- an introduction, but this is not a programmer's book. A useful adjunct
- to the Quarterdeck manuals when you want similar information from
- another view.
-
- ``DOS Beyond 640K'', Second Ed. James Forney, Windcrest Books, Division
- of TAB Books Inc., Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17294-0850. 1989. 235
- ISBN 0-8306-9717-9, ISBN 0-8306-3744-3 pbk. pages. Price $19.95.
- Not a DESQview/QEMM book specifically, but an excellent book on the
- subject of memory, with many references to DESQview and QEMM. Highly
- recommended to users who really want to understand the use of memory in
- their PCs.
-
- ``The Best Book of DESQview'', Jack Nimersheim, Howard W. Sams &
- Company, 11711 North College, Suite 141, Carmel, IN 46032. 1st
- Edition 1990, 396 pages. Price $24.95
- A user-friendly guide to DESQview, the Companions, QEMM and Manifest.
- Contains many tips and a good discussion of the DESQview Learn feature.
-
- ``Mastering DESQview'', Jonathan Kamin, Scott, Foresman IBM Computer
- Books, 1900 E. Lake Avenue, Glenview, IL 60025. 1st Edition 1990,
- 387 pages. Price $24.95.
- A comprehensive guide to the use of DESQview, with emphasis on hints and
- techniques which enhance the use of DESQview. Special emphasis on
- creative use of DESQview's Learn (macro) facility.
-
- ``Extending DOS,'' Ray Duncan, Charles Petzold, M. Steven Baker, Andrew
- Schulman, Stephen R. Davis, Ross P. Nelson, Robert Moote,
- Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Second edition, 1992.
- An excellent work on DOS memory usage and some of the options for
- extending DOS. For advanced users and programmers. Quite a bit of
- example source code included. Covers IBM PC Programming Architecture,
- EMS, XMS, DOS Extenders, Windows, DESQview, VCPI, DPMI and Multitasking.
-
- ``DESQview Instant Reference,'' Paul J. Perry, 1991, Sybex, 166 Pages.
- Price $9.95
- This is a basic, short reference guide to DESQview, QEMM-386, and
- Manifest. It covers up to versions 2.3 of DESQview and version 5.1 of
- QEMM-386. It describes the use of all the DESQview functions, QEMM-386
- switches, and switches for LOADHI, QEMM.COM, VIDRAM. All the
- information provided is in the Quarterdeck manuals.
-
- ``Understanding DESQview,'' Richard Altman, 1991, Sybex, 307 pages.
- Price $24.95
-
- ``DESQview Unleashed'', Dave Williams, SAMS.
- Coming in August 1992. Will include part of this FAQ!
-
- ``Memory Management for All of Us'', by John M. Goodman, Ph.D. SAMS,
- 1992. ISBN 0-672-27366-7. Price $29.95.
- Discusses virtually all aspects of PC memory and memory management,
- including how DESQview uses memory.
-
- ``XView Programming Manual,'' Dan Heller, etal., O'Reilly & Assoc. 586
- pages. Price: $34.95
-
- ``X Window System Programming,'' Naba Barkakati, 1991, Howard W. Sams &
- Co. 600 pages. Price: $29.95
- Good introduction to X programming, with many helpful example programs.
- Covers xlib, xt Intrinsics, and some discussion of OSF/Motif widgets is
- provided.
-
- ``Introduction to the X Window System,'' O. Jones, 1989, P-H. Price:
- $38.00
-
- ``The X Window System in a Nutshell'', 1990, O'Reilly & Assoc. Price:
- $24.95
-
-
- [If you know of any more, please let me know]
-
- QW:132:BOOKS.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q21: What are the command-line switches for DESQview/QEMM/QRAM?
-
-
- A21: The file QOSSWIT3.ZIP from SIMTEL20 (see Q7) in the PD1:<MSDOS.INFO>
- directory contains a list of the documented and undocumented switches
- for Quarterdeck's products.
-
- QW:178:ALL-HELP.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q22: How can I configure DESQview for maximum window memory?
-
-
- A22: The answer to this question is very system dependent. However, you
- should use QEMM rather than EMM386 and HIMEM.SYS (on a 386), because
- QEMM is smaller and will provide the same services. Also, without QEMM
- screen virtualization is not possible (see Q2). Loading DOS high will
- not necessarily help, because that reduces the amount of DESQview kernel
- that can be loaded high (see Q16).
-
- When you test using DOS=HIGH, make sure you add I=0800-0FFF to QEMM
- line. This will allow QEMM to map the area vacated by DOS, so you may
- see a gain in window size. You almost have to be using stealth to see a
- net gain.
-
- Also, if you don't need graphics, you can use the VREMS parameter on the
- QEMM line, and add VIDRAM ON to the DV.BAT file. This will give you
- about 64k more for each window. DV.BAT should actually have a VIDRAM ON
- before calling DV, and VIDRAM OFF after DV.
-
- Experiment. Use Manifest to judge the results. If your high memory is
- very fragmented (i.e. many small contiguous blocks rather than a few
- large blocks), keeping DOS and TSRs low and putting DESQview high might
- work better.
-
- Do not set up your path and environment variables until all the TSRs
- have been loaded. A copy of the environment is made for every TSR, and
- if the TSR does not give this area of memory back to DOS, it is wasted.
-
- QEMM's STEALTH feature should be used if it is compatible with your
- machine. There are three different STEALTH modes:
- ST:F - Frame stealth. Compatible with many machines, but offers
- the least amount of memory gain. Also known as ``Female
- Stealth''.
-
- ST:M - Mapping stealth. It offers significantly more memory gain
- but will not work on all machines. Also known as ``Male
- Stealth''.
-
- ST:P - Protected mode stealth. Undocumented and unsupported by
- Quarterdeck, because it has many incompatibilities. If you
- can get it to work on your machine, you could get an
- additional 25K or so over ST:M. You cannot run any other
- protected mode programs with ST:P (the DVX stuff seems to
- work, though).
-
- Here's a neat trick to save memory under DVX. This is from David Granz.
-
- How to Maximize your memory space for programs under DVX
- ---------------------------------------------------------
-
- In order to use DV/X on a TCP/IP network, the FTP software TCP/IP
- drivers must be loaded. Unfortunately, these TSRs can take up over 100K
- of precious DOS memory space. In addition a mouse driver is needed
- (another 12-16K of memory used up). And then, DV/X itself chews up a
- significant amount of DOS memory. Even with the new QEMM stealth
- features that allow most of the upper memory space to be used to LOADHI
- these TSRs, the memory actually left for a program (or DOS window) under
- DV/X can end up being quite small. In my particular setup, the best I
- was able to get was a 320K DOS window.
-
- After much experimenting and some suggestions from Quarterdeck, I have
- come up with the following procedures that allow you get very close to a
- full 640K of program space in a DOS window (somewhat less if you don't
- have a 8514 video card). Note that although this method seems to work
- fine (for me at least), it is not in anyway a supported method. Please
- DO NOT call Quarterdeck for help with this setup, they are not
- supporting this technique at this time. If you have problems with
- things crashing, put things back the way they were before, and see if
- the problems go away. Then, if the crash still occurs, you have a valid
- reason to call Quarterdeck.
-
- Before doing any of the following modifications, make a safe copy of
- \DVX\STARTUP.DVP and \DVX\DVPS\PCTCP.DVP. These copies can be used to
- restore the system in case you have problems.
-
- Step 1, Saving the space occupied by the MOUSE driver:
- Create a file called \DVX\SERVER.BAT that contains the following
- lines:
-
- MOUSE (or whatever is needed to run your mouse)
- SERVER
-
- Then with the DVPMAN program (under DV/X), modify the file
- \DVX\STARTUP.DVP. Change the reference to SERVER.EXE to SERVER.BAT.
- Also increase the memory size by enough to cover the added size of
- the mouse driver (about 30k should be plenty).
-
- Modify your CONFIG.SYS and/or AUTOEXEC.BAT to not load the mouse
- driver when you boot your computer.
-
- Restart the computer, and then DV/X... The mouse driver should now
- load in the process space of the server.
-
- A 'mem/c' command in a DOS window, should show more memory
- available and no copy of the mouse driver.
-
-
- Step 2, Saving the space occupied by the TCP drivers:
- In a manner similar to the above mouse modifications, you need to
- create a batch file: \DVX\NETWORK\NETWORK.BAT. This batch file
- should contain all the drivers and network programs needed to
- support TCP/IP. The last step should be to run the 'nsftp'
- program.
-
- For example, my NETWORK.BAT looks like this:
- c:\dvx\device c:\ftp\ifcust.sys
- c:\dvx\device c:\ftp\ipcust.sys
- c:\ncsa\drivers\wd8003e -w 0x62 7 0x280 0xD000
- c:\ftp\ethdrv -t 20 -p 26 -u 2
- nsftp
-
- Using DVPMAN, modify the \DVX\DVPS\PCTCP.DVP parameters to run
- NETWORK.BAT rather than NSFTP.EXE. You should add enough memory
- allocation to allow for the extra memory of the network drivers.
- In my case a 350K allocation seems to work fine but you may need
- more.
-
- Remove all the network drivers and TSRs from your CONFIG.SYS and
- AUTOEXEC.BAT, and reboot DOS and DV/X.
-
- If all goes correctly, the DOS windows under DV/X should now
- contain none of the network drivers. With this arrangement I am
- able to get about 550K available in the DOS window.
-
- The only limitation of this arrangement, is that only Quarterdeck
- supplied network programs (telnet, ftp, etc) will work. This is
- because the network drivers are running in a different address
- space than the DOS windows. The normal FTP software's and Packet
- driver's access interrupts are not available in any process other
- than the PCTCP process.
-
- Step 3, Getting even more space:
-
- If you have a 8514 type video card (I have a ATI Graphics Ultra),
- you can get even more space for DOS programs. As an added
- advantage, the video performance is much better with this card
- (1024x768x256).
-
- Add the 'VREMS' parameter to your QEMM386.SYS line in CONFIG.SYS.
- This will allow the \QEMM\VIDRAM program to steal the address space
- at A0000-AFFFF for DOS use.
-
- Before starting DV/X, do a "\QEMM\VIDRAM ON" command. Just ignore
- the message that DV/X cannot find a graphics card. DV/X will run
- just fine without this video ram area. The DOS window will be 64K
- bigger.
-
- The only limitation of this, is that graphic programs (ie ones that
- take over the entire screen) must not be run. Text programs and
- programs that use X windows calls will work just fine.
-
- QW:161:WINSIZE.TEC, QW:252:MAXWINDO.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q23: What is NOFF.SHP {NOFF.SHR}?
-
- A23: NOFF.SHR is an older version of NOFF.SHP. So what's NOFF.SHP?
-
- DESQview is the child of an older IBM program called TopView. Because
- Quarterdeck wanted DESQview to run all the old TopView programs, they
- made DESQview compatible to TopView, in much the same way you can run
- programs written for DOS 3.3 in DOS 4.0.
-
- If a program writes directly to the video memory, TopView (and DESQview)
- cannot run it in a small window. So IBM allowed programs to be TopView-
- aware (similar to DESQview-aware (see Q3)) by giving them ``virtual''
- video memory on request. This memory looks like video memory, but
- characters written into it do not get displayed on the screen.
-
- Since DESQview is a much smarter program that TopView ever was, DESQview
- can automatically update the window from the virtual video memory. But
- TopView did not have that ability. The TopView-aware program had to
- make another call which would manually update the window from the video
- memory.
-
- Quarterdeck wanted to make DESQview look as much like TopView as
- possible, so they decided that if a TopView-aware program makes this
- call to update the window, then the automatic updating of DESQview would
- be turned off.
-
- DESQview can do a better job of updating the window from the virtual
- video buffer than *some* programs. So the purpose of NOFF.SHP is to
- capture the TopView update call before it gets to DESQview and not let
- DESQview see the call. That way, DESQview never turns off the automatic
- updating, and your window output is less jerky.
-
- Whether or not you should use NOFF.SHP depends on how the TopView-aware
- program updates its screen. If it changes only small parts of the
- screen at a time but requests that the entire screen be updated, use
- NOFF.SHP. But if the program tells TopView (DESQview) exactly which
- part of the screen changed, output may look smoother without NOFF.SHP
- because an automatic update doesn't take place until the end of each
- program's time slice (see Q9).
-
- Although NOFF.SHP is included in the Quarterdeck-supplied DVP for
- Wordperfect, it is not required if you are using a 386 or better and you
- turn on text virtualization.
-
- QW:247:SHARED.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q24: How can I increase DESQview's performance?
-
-
- A24: DESQview's performance depends on many different factors. We will try
- to highlight some of the important areas here.
-
- DESQVIEW-OBLIVIOUS PROGRAMS
- Performance is especially degraded by DESQview-oblivious programs
- (see Q3), because they do not give up the CPU when they are not
- doing useful work (see Q9).
-
- Some programs, while waiting for keyboard input, continuously ask
- if a keystroke is available instead of giving up the CPU.
- Quarterdeck provides a way to force programs to give up the CPU
- after a specified number of keystroke queries. One of the bytes in
- the DVP file (the file edited by Change A Program) specifies the
- number of keyboard polls before the CPU is taken away.
-
- Unfortunately, Quarterdeck has never put a field on the Change A
- Program screens to change this number. DvpEdit, a freeware
- replacement for Change A Program, is available on SIMTEL20 (see Q7)
- and allows you to change this ``Max Keypolls'' value.
-
- Another well-known program is TAME. TAME does much more than watch
- for keyboard polling; and can do a good job of increasing
- performance.
-
- System performance can be measured with the PS utility available in
- the DVSI package (also on SIMTEL20 and DVNet). Using PS, an
- offending program can be quickly identified.
-
- DISK ACCESS
- Since disk access can slow down the system significantly (see Q10)
- using a disk cache can also increase performance. HyperDisk,
- available on SIMTEL20 (see Q7), is especially popular among
- DESQview users.
-
- FOREGROUND/BACKGROUND TICKS
- With the ``Tune Performance'' menu you can set the number of
- foreground and background ticks. These numbers indicate how much
- time DESQview is to allocate to a given task before moving on to
- the next in a round-robin fashion. The default setting is 9:3,
- which means DESQview gives the foreground task 9 ``ticks'', or
- roughly half a second, of CPU time, then gives each of the
- background tasks 3 ticks. A more common setting with today's
- hardware is 1:1 or 2:2 -- each task gets 1 (or 2) ticks.
-
- There's no single, optimal setting. Smaller numbers generally
- provide smoother performance, but may overwhelm the CPU on less
- powerful systems. In addition, time-sensitive applications like
- communications programs may need to be serviced frequently by the
- CPU. In short, experiment.
-
- Here's an undocumented trick: Go to ``Tune Performance'' and
- backspace to erase the numbers that are in the ticks fields. This
- will set them to ``H0'' (next time you bring up the ``Tune
- Performance'' window). This trick seems to set the ticks to 1/2
- and 1/2 (although this claim has been disputed -- more
- experimentation will have to be done).
-
- Setting 0 background ticks will cause background windows to never
- run. Setting 0 foreground ticks will cause background windows to
- run only if the foreground window explicitly gives up its
- timeslice, or if it blocks (i.e. waits for a keystroke or other
- event).
-
- SCREEN DISPLAY
- There are three primary reasons why your screen may appear jerky.
- First, you may be virtualizing the window. While this prevents
- bleed-thru (when used in conjunction with QEMM-386), it does
- increase the workload on DESQview, and the screen output only
- occurs at the end of the program's timeslice. If this is a problem
- for you then configure your application to use BIOS screen writes
- and turn virtualization off. Second, you may need to adjust your
- tick settings. DESQview updates the screen display at the end of a
- task's CPU allocation. Thus, a setting of, say, 99:99 will result
- in extremely jerky screen updates compared with 2:2 or so. Third,
- you may be unnecessarily using NOFF.SHP (see Q23).
-
- DESQview/X is a GUI and therefore screen output is much slower.
- This is due to the poor design of the PC's video. In order to get
- better display performance, you may want to purchase a graphics
- accelerator or coprocessor board.
-
- MEMORY USAGE
- The memory usage of individual programs can be tuned in Change A
- Program. For maximum window size, you must balance your TSR and
- device driver usage (see Q16 and Q22). The PS utility in the DVSI
- package available on SIMTEL20 (see Q7) can show which windows are
- not using all their allocated memory.
-
- Certain DESQview/X programs which use the built in DOS extender can
- use the disk as memory. This is called virtual memory. You can
- configure the DESQview/X Server to use virtual memory to save on
- real memory. To do so, change the ``maxmem='' line in the
- \DVX\SERVER\XB16.VMC file (XC16.VMC for the high-resolution
- server). This line specifies the maximum number of kilobytes of
- real memory that should be used. Increase the number to to
- increase speed; or decrease the number to increase available
- memory. Note that DESQview/X gets flaky if the number is less than
- 1000K or so. The default value of 1000K is optimized for a 4
- Megabyte machine.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q25: My {9600 or greater} BPS modem drops characters under DESQview. Is high
- speed communication possible under DESQview?
-
-
- A25: Yes, high speed communication is possible. First, you must go into the
- DESQview setup program and set ``Optimize Communications'' to Y (see
- Q29). If you still lose characters, you may have to get a new serial
- board. The characters are coming in too fast for DESQview and your
- communications program to process them.
-
- The chip that controls serial communication is known by many names. On
- an XT (or an 8-bit I/O board) it is an 8250. Most ATs contain the
- 16450. The problem with these chips is that they can only buffer one
- character at a time, so if DESQview doesn't allow your communications
- program to respond fast enough, you'll lose that character.
-
- The solution is to get a board with the National Semiconductor PC16550CN
- chip. This chip buffers up to 16 characters, so character loss is less
- likely to occur. If you are the handy type, you can even swap your 8250
- (or whatever) for the NS16550AN yourself, for the chips are
- pin-compatible.
-
- Do not get a 16550 non-A chip. It is an old, buggy chip. Also, Western
- Digital makes a 16550 which is rumored to be buggy at speeds of 2400 BPS
- or less.
-
- Note that the 16550x will act like an 8250 unless you have software that
- supports it. Most communication packages today do support the 16550x.
-
- QW:237:COMMPROG.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q26: Why doesn't ANSI.SYS work in DESQview?
-
- A26: ANSI.SYS doesn't work inside DESQview because DESQview takes control of
- all the screen writes. Quarterdeck has provided a solution, however.
- Provided with DESQview is DVANSI.COM. Run this program in the window in
- which you need ANSI.SYS.
-
- QW:110:DVANSI.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q27: Why does the mouse pointer disappear after running certain programs?
-
- A27: If a DESQview-aware or DESQview-oblivious program (see Q3) uses the
- mouse, DESQview must turn off its own mouse handling in that window.
- Unfortunately, DESQview cannot detect when the program is finished with
- the mouse, so your DESQview mouse pointer will never reappear while that
- window has the keyboard.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q28: What are those files SWAP*.DV in my DV directory? Can I delete them?
-
- A28: They're used by DESQview to store your application when it gets swapped
- to disk. If the file's date and time are older than the last time you
- started DV then you can safely erase the files. There is no way to
- restart an application using a swap file.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q29: What does ``Optimize Communications'' in DESQview's setup program do?
-
- A29: The cards that you install in your computer use ``hardware interrupts''
- to tell the CPU that the card has or needs data. The hardware
- interrupts are like grade school students raising their hand in class.
- When they teacher recongizes a student with his hand up, that student
- can ask/answer a question.
-
- Like many teachers, DESQview has a ``teacher's pet.'' This pet is
- hardware interrupt 0. If a bunch of hardware interrupts raise their
- hands at the same time, DESQview will always recognize 0 first, then 1,
- then 2, and so on.
-
- However, most COM ports use hardware interrupt levels 3 and 4. So by
- answering ``Y'' to ``Optimize Communications'', you force interrupt
- level 3 to become the teacher's pet. DESQview will then recognize the
- interrupts in this order: 3, 4, 5, ... 0, 1, 2. Rather than answering
- ``Y'', you can put in any interrupt number you prefer. For example, if
- you answer ``5'', DESQview will recognize the interrupts in the order
- 5, 6, 7, ... , 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
-
- Setting ``Optimize Communications'' to ``Y'' can reduce or eliminate
- dropped characters in communication programs (see Q25).
-
- 8086/8088 machines have 8 available hardware interrupts (0-7), while
- 80286+ machines have 16 (0-15).
-
- QW:251:OPTCOM.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q30: What do I need if I want to use DESQview/X's networking features?
-
- A30: DVX allows you to interact with programs running on other DVX and Unix
- machines, if the machines are networked.
-
- Three parts are required on a PC to make this work:
- (1) DESQview/X
- (2) One of the DESQview/X Network Managers sold by Quarterdeck
- (3) A networking protocol stack available from another
- manufacturer.
-
- DESQview/X is packaged with a Network Manager that allows you to
- communicate with other DESQview/X machines. This DVX-to-DVX Network
- Manager will not allow you to communicate with Unix machines. It
- requires a Novell or Netbios-compatible network protocol stack.
-
- To communicate with Unix machines, you must purchase the
- DVX-to-other-systems Network Manager ($200 list) from Quarterdeck.
- Packaged with this Manager is a coupon for a free copy of Novell's
- TCP/IP Transport for DOS, one of the possible protocol stacks that are
- compatible with the DVX-to-other-systems Network Manager. Current users
- of the DVX-to-other-systems Network Manager can receive a free copy of
- Novell's TCP/IP stack by contacting Quarterdeck (see Q19).
-
- Other TCP/IP protocol stacks that the DVX-to-other-systems Network
- Manager is compatible with include FTP Incorporated's PC/TCP (version
- 2.03 or version 2.05 patch 3 or greater), Beam and Whiteside's package
- in Lan Workplace emulation mode (unsupported by Quarterdeck), and
- Novell's Lan Workplace for DOS (version 4.01 or greater).
- Quarterdeck is currently beta testing
- PathWay Access (from The Wollongong Group Inc.)
- BW-TCP and BW-NFS (from Beame & Whiteside Software Ltd.)
- PC-NFS (from Sun Microsystems)
- Contact Quarterdeck for more details (see Q19).
-
- Many have asked about SLIP support. Here's a post from someone who has
- it working (Phil Kemp):
-
- There are a small group of us, 3 or 4, that are in throes of using
- slip with FTP inc.'s stack and DV/X. There are some problems but it
- is useable. The configuration I am using right now (writing this
- note in fact) is over a 9600 bps V.42bis connection to cisco
- Trouter. I'm using FTP inc. generic kernel vers. 2.05 pl4. 2.10 is
- now shipping and I am awaiting delivery. 2.10 is much less low
- memory intensive.
-
- The trick just now is to use the packet driver ethersl.com and the
- ethdrv.exe stack. Attempts to use the 16550.com and slpdrv.exe
- stack from ftp result in x-windows spontaneously disappearing. A
- maximum of 12 sockets can be configured in the FTP/DV-X combination
- due to some software issues. Hopefully this will be corrected in
- the future. I still get the occasional disappearing session, once
- or twice a week, but contrast that to two or three times an hour
- before we went to the ethdrv stack. FTP and Qdeck are working on
- the slpdrv problem. The ftp inc. packet driver 16550.com seems to
- be about 20% better in performance than the ethersl.com packet
- driver, so I would like to go back to it one day. Note that
- ethersl.com does make use of the 16550afn fifo buffers. I see ftp
- transfers of compressed files in the range of .9 Kbytes/s if I
- leave the other network windows alone.
-
- QW:263:DVX2XSYS.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q31: What do each of the four Protection Levels mean?
-
-
- A31: In ``Change A Program'' or DVPMAN, you can set a program's protection
- level. Here are the meanings:
-
- Level 0 means no protection at all.
-
- Level 1 will keep a process from locking interrupts for too long if the
- WD parameter is set correctly in QEMM, and your hardware supports it.
-
- Level 2 will bring up an error if a process writes outside of the memory
- that DESQview thinks the process owns. If the process attempts this,
- DESQview will ask the user if the process should be aborted,
- unprotected, or be allowed to continue (but remain protected).
-
- Level 3 will keep a process from reading outside of its memory, with a
- similar interface as Level 2. It also grabs all interrupt vectors and
- complains if the program points the vector outside of its memory
- (including back at the original handler) and then calls it. Level 3
- will crash Borland's floating point libraries.
-
- If a program crashes with Level 0 it will also crash with Level 3 set,
- but you might find out about it a little sooner, and it may prevent the
- system from being locked up.
-
- QW:120:PROTECT.TEC
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q32: How can I load two or more shared programs in a window?
-
-
- A32: In Change A Program or DVPMAN, you can only list one shared program and
- its data. To load more than one shared program, you must create a file
- which lists the shared programs. Each shared program you want to load
- requires two lines in the file -- one for the shared program name, and
- one for the shared program data. For example, let's say you want to
- load DGNASI.SHR and 1COPY.SHR. Create a text file called SHARED.TXT (or
- whatever) with four lines that look like this (the parenthetical
- comments should not be added):
-
- DGANSI.SHR (line 1)
- blah blah blah (Text that would be in ``Data'' field for DGANSI)
- 1COPY.SHR (line 3)
- blah blah blah (Text that would be in ``Data'' field for 1COPY)
-
- Then, in Change A Program or DVPMAN's "Shared Program" field, place the
- name of this text file preceded by the ``+'' sign. In our case, we
- would put
-
- Shared Program
- Pathname..: +C:\DV\shared.txt
- Data......:
-
- If the shared.txt pathname is not specified, it defaults to the
- ``Default Directory'' path in the DVP. However, the default place to
- look for shared programs is always the DESQview directory.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q33: When running Windows under DESQview, I get an ``Incorrect DOS Version''
- message. How do I fix this?
-
-
- A33: Rather than using LOADHI FILES in AUTOEXEC.BAT, you must set FILES=15 or
- so in CONFIG.SYS. Windows requires that some FILES be loaded low.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q34: How can I make the tilde (~) character work when I open an Xterm window
- on my unix machine?
- A34: On the Unix machine, put the following line into your .Xdefaults file
- (or whatever your default resource file is):
- \HC\ML40\xterm*allowSendEvents: True
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- CONTRIBUTORS
-
- The following people have sent suggestions for entries in the FAQ. On
- behalf of all the readers of comp.os.msdos.desqview, I thank you. If
- the person is credited with a ``Q'', he/she suggested a question. If
- part of an answer was contributed, the contributor is credited with an
- ``A''. An asterisk indicates that the contributor wrote a significant
- portion of the answer. If a particular question and answer is not
- credited, I wrote it.
-
- If you see your name here and you didn't actually send me something, I
- probably stole a posting of yours for the FAQ.
- ----
- The information in A7 on access to SIMTEL20 is from regular postings to
- the Usenet newsgroup comp.binaries.ibm.pc.archives by Keith Peterson.
-
- The electronic contacts in A19 are from the QOS note ``CONTACT.TXT''
-
- The international addresses in A19 are from "DESQview User, The
- Quarterly Journal for PC and DOS productivity", Issue 4, Spring 1992 and
- were sent to me by Klaus Hartnegg.
-
- Most of A20 was copied from Quarterdeck's tech note ``DVBOOK.TEC''
-
- Some of A25 is from Appendix B of the FOSSIL driver manual sent to me by
- Stephen Lee.
-
- Information in A8 and A30 was grabbed from Quarterdeck press releases.
-
- The White Pages cross references were provided by Michael Bolton of
- Quarterdeck Canada.
-
- alheid@pittpa.cray.com (Greg Alheid) A2*,A4*,A5*,A11,A13*,
- A15*,A17,A20
- aml@world.std.com (Andrew M Langmead) A31*,A32*
- anasaz!crow@asuvax.eas.asu.edu (Jerry Crow) A2,A21
- arnd@zeus.informatik.rwth-aachen.de (Arnd
- Gehrmann) A19
- arr@stat.ph.albany.edu (Andrew A. Reilly) Q22
- burge@qdeck.com (Bill Burge) A6
- Carl Anderson 1:106/7674 A17
- chaz@chinet.chi.il.us (Charlie Kestner) Q4,Q17,Q19,Q20
- dave@monitor.larc.nasa.gov (Dave Hinde) A34*
- Dave Osborne 1:123/27.0 A29
- dave.williams@chaos.lrk.ar.us (Dave Williams) A20
- docw@qdeck.com (Doc Williamson) A19
- dj@ctron.com (DJ Delorie) A17
- dvss!jtroy@udel.edu (Jay Troy) A17
- em21@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu (Eben Moglen) A17
- esiever@world.std.com (Ellen C. Siever) A20
- granz@junkyard.uucp A22*
- hartnegg@ibm.ruf.uni-freiburg.de (Klaus Hartnegg) A13,A19*
- january%polari@uunet.uu.net (Jamie Pehling) A2,A7
- jcorr@splash.princeton.edu (Jim Orr) A20
- jerry@rat.nrl.navy.mil (Jerry Nash) A17
- jmaynard@oac.hsc.uth.tmc.edu (Jay Maynard) A17
- john@stanton.cts.com (John Goodman) A20
- kemp@convex.com (Phil Kemp) A30*
- kneply@mozart.cs.colostate.edu (Jim Knepley) A2,A4,Q8,Q17,Q18
- lsuc!ontmoh!rwh@cs.toronto.edu (Russell Herman) A19
- Mark Hockings 1:102/824 A2,A6,A17,A19,A22,A24,
- A25
- Michelle at Quarterdeck Canada A6
- mike@batpad.lgb.CA.US (Mike Batchelor) A8,A17,A22,A30
- mtbb136@ms.uky.edu Q2,Q12,Q13
- mvjrs@mvgpk.att.com (Rick Sladkey) A4,A17
- nickw@syma.sussex.ac.uk (Nick Watkins) A2,A6,A17,A20
- noesis@ucscb.ucsc.edu (Kyle ?) A13
- peterson@csc.ti.com (Bob Peterson) A6
- phealy@swift.cs.tcd.ie (Paul ?) A19
- ralf@cs.cmu.edu (Ralf Brown) A2,A6,A7*,A8*,Q9,A10*,
- A13,A14*,A17,A21*,A25, A31,A32*
- reisert@mast.enet.dec.com (James J. Reisert) A25
- rreiner@nexus.yorku.ca (Richard Reiner) A2,A17
- s2942275@techst02.technion.ac.il (Yaniv Golan) A17
- Saar Blitz 2:403/139.0 A17
- schuster@panix.com (Mike Schuster) A17
- seant@ratsys.com (Sean True) A8
- senf_ltd@uhura.cc.rochester.edu (Stephen Lee) A25*
- smsmith@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Stephen Smith) A13
- spit@neuro.duke.edu (Mike Burdick) A33
- support@qdeck.com (Gary Rich) A6
- support@qdeck.com (Doc Williamson) A8,A24
- stern@denali.ims.alaska.edu (Pete Stern) Q25,Q26,Q27
- steveg@orl.mmc.com (Steve Gabrilowitz) Q8,Q15
- theall@gdalsrv.sas.upenn.edu (George A. Theall) A2*,A3,A4,A7,A17,A19,
- A20,Q22,A23,A24*,A28*, A32*
- thuben@kiera.ericsson.se (Thomas Nilsson) A25
- valley@gsbsun.uchicago.edu (Doug Dougherty)
- A2,A4,A10,Q11,A12*,Q14, Q16,A17,A20,A25
- w8sdz@wsmr-simtel20.army.mil (Keith Peterson) A7*,A17
- wiget@switch.ch (Margel Wiget) A17
- 4carroll_j@spcvxa.spc.edu (Jim Carroll) A25
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- HOW THE FAQ LIST IS CREATED
-
- This document is maintained as a collection of psuedo-DESQview/X help
- source files. By psuedo, I mean that they contain the DESQview/X
- formatting commands, but do not contain paragraphs that are delimited by
- carriage returns. This makes editing much easier (IMHO, the input
- source format is pretty dumb in that respect).
-
- These *.TXT files are converted to pure DESQview/X help files with a
- program I wrote called HPREP, which creates *.PRP files. The *.PRP
- files are concatenated into the DESQview/X help file with Quarterdeck's
- HELPLIB (although I may write my own, since the interface to HELPLIB
- isn't easy to use with MAKE).
-
- To get the text version of the FAQ that is posted, I run DVXH2TXT to
- extract the formatted text from the help file. This is a program I
- wrote and that is still in development.
-
- My DESQview/X help file tool suite will be released in the future when I
- get it into a release-able state. If you need something, let me know
- and I might be able to help you.
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!ira.uka.de!rz.uni-karlsruhe.de!fg30.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de!ig25
- From: ig25@fg30.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de (Thomas Koenig)
- Newsgroups: de.talk.chat,news.answers
- Subject: de.talk.chat FAQ (Haeufig gestellte Fragen, mit Antworten)
- Supersedes: <de-talk-chat_724495042@fg70.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
- Followup-To: de.talk.chat
- Date: 17 Dec 1992 16:29:03 GMT
- Organization: University of Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lines: 280
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 30 Jan 1993 16:29:30 GMT
- Message-ID: <de-talk-chat_724609770@fg70.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
- Reply-To: ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de
- NNTP-Posting-Host: fg30.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de
- Summary: This article is the Frequently Asked Questions (with answers)
- list for the newsgroup de.talk.chat, which deals with online
- communications like IRC or BITNET Relay. Like the newsgroup,
- it is in German.
- Keywords: IRC, BITNET Relay, Chatten
-
- Archive-name: de-talk-chat-faq
- Version: $Header: de-talk-chat,v 1.4 92/12/17 17:24:28 ig25 Exp $
-
- This article is the Frequently Asked Questions (with answers) list for
- the newsgroup de.talk.chat, which deals with online communications like
- IRC or BITNET Relay. Like the newsgroup, it is in German.
-
- Dieser Artikel versucht, eine kurze Einfuehrung in die Newsgroup
- de.talk.chat zu geben, die sich mit Online - Kommunikationssystemen
- wie IRC oder BITNET Relay beschaeftigt.
-
- 0. Meta - Fragen
- 0.1) Wo bekomme ich die aktuelle Version dieser Liste her?
- 0.2) Wohin schicke ich Korrekturen, Vorschlaege, etc. ?
- 0.3) Wo bekomme ich weitere Informationen?
-
- 1. Grundlagen
- 1.1) Was ist IRC?
- 1.2) Wie funktioniert IRC?
- 1.3) Wie funktioniert das BITNET Relay?
-
- 2. Einstieg
- 2.1) Wie komme ich auf den IRC?
- 2.2) Jetzt bin ich auf dem IRC... und nun?
- 2.3) Wie komme ich auf das BITNET Relay?
- 2.4) Wie komme ich wieder raus?
-
- 3. Verhalten auf dem Netz
- 3.1) Gibt es eine Einfuehrung, die einem etwas ueber das Verhalten auf
- dem Netz erzaehlt?
- 3.2) Dieser Typ/diese Type geht mir furchtbar auf die Nerven. Was kann
- ich machen?
- 3.3) Was bedeuten diese komischen Buchstaben- und Zeichenkombinationen,
- die die Leute immer verwenden, wie :-), ;-), bcnu, cul8r, brb,
- usw.?
- 3.4) Wie kann ich feststellen, ob ich mich auch wirklich mit der Person
- unterhalte, fuer die sie sich ausgibt?
- 3.5) Wie machen diese Leute die riesigen Buchstaben? Ist das eine gute
- Idee?
-
- 4 Verschiedenes
- 4.1) Was ist eine RP?
- 4.2) Wie reserviere ich mir meinen Nickname?
- 4.3) Wo kriege ich Bilder von Chattern her?
- 4.4) Wie verschicke ich am schnellsten eine Datei an meine Chatpartner?
- 4.5) Wass haben die @ und * neben dem H oder G bei der /who - Liste
- im IRC zu bedeuten?
-
- 5 Credits
-
- ========
- 0. Meta - Fragen
-
- 0.1) Wo bekomme ich diese Liste her?
-
- Diese Liste wird im Augenblick, bis zur vorlaeufigen
- Fertigstellung, in unregelmaessigen Abstaenden nach de.talk.chat und
- news.answers gepostet. Sie ist verfuegbar ueber anonymes ftp von
- ftp.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de [129.13.96.2] als pub/net/irc/de-talk-chat-faq.
-
- 0.2) Wohin schicke ich Korrekturen, Vorschlaege, etc. ?
-
- Korrekturen, Vorschlaege, usw. bitte per e-mail an
- ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de, ig25@dkauni2.bitnet oder auf dem IRC an T-Rex.
-
- 0.3) Wo bekomme ich weitere Informationen?
-
- Ueber IRC gibt es noch die alt.irc FAQ, die regelmaessig nach
- news.answers, alt.irc und alt.irc.ircii gepostet wird. Das BITNET Relay
- schickt einem nach dem Befehl /info ein Hilfefile zu.
-
-
- 1 Grundlagen
-
- 1.1) Was ist IRC?
-
- IRC steht fuer Internet Relay Chat. Es ist ein Mehrbenutzer -
- Chat - System, auf dem sich Leute auf sogenannten "Kanaelen" in Gruppen
- oder individuell unterhalten koennen. Der IRC laeuft auf dem Internet.
- Benutzer des Systems sind durch einen zu jedem Zeitpunkt eindeutigen
- "Nickname" gekennzeichnet.
-
- 1.2) Wie funktioniert IRC?
-
- Ein Benutzer verwendet einen sogenannten "Client", ein lokal
- ablaufendes Programm, um Verbindung mit einem Server aufzunehmen. Der
- Server nimmt Kommandos und Nachrichten entgegen, fuehrt sie aus und
- verteilt sie, je nach Bedarf, an andere Server, die sie wiederum an
- andere Benutzer weitergeben koennen.
-
- 1.3) Was ist BITNET Relay?
-
- Das BITNET Relay ist ein System, dass aehnlich aufgebaut ist wie
- IRC. Nachrichten werden durch sog. Relays verteilt, die mit BITNET -
- tell - messages verbunden sind. Das BITNET - Relay benoetigt einen
- BITNET - Anschluss.
-
-
- 2 Einstieg
-
- 2.1) Wie komme ich auf den IRC?
-
- Auf vielen Maschinen, die mit dem Internet verbunden sind, ist
- bereits ein IRC - Client installiert. Er heisst fuer UNIX und VMS
- ueblicherweise irc und fuer VM/CMS rxirc. Fuer den Fall, das kein
- Client installiert ist, sei auf die alt.irc - FAQ verwiesen.
-
- 2.2) Jetzt bin ich auf dem IRC... und nun?
-
- Zuerst mal sollte man sich einen Nickname aussuchen, unter dem
- man den anderen Benutzern erscheint; der voreingestellte Wert ist die
- Userid am Rechner.
-
- Danach kann man sich mal umsehen, wer oder was denn so da ist.
- Ein guter Einstieg ist es oft, mit dem /who - Befehl festzustellen, was
- fuer Leute aus der eigenen Heimatstadt da sind. Dieser Befehl versteht
- Wildcards vom UNIX - Typ; mit /who *.de zum Beispiel bekommt man eine
- Liste aller Benutzer, die grade aus Deutschland drin sind (vorsicht,
- lang!) und mit /who *stuttgart* eine Liste aller Benutzer, die irgendwo
- Stuttgart in ihrem Namen stehen haben (oder ueber einen Stuttgarter
- Server im IRC sind).
-
- Ein Eintrag der Liste koenne etwa so aussehen:
-
- #Karlsruhe El_Lute H ry07@rz70.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de (Lutz Hauser)
-
- Das heisst, ein Benutzer mit dem Nickname El_Lute ist auf dem Channel
- #Karlsruhe, hat sich nicht als abwesend gemeldet (das H), hat die
- Adresse ry07@rz70.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de und hat sich dem System mit
- dem Benutzernamen Lutz Hauser gemeldet.
-
- Als naechstes koennte man mit /who #karlsruhe nachsehen, wer sonst noch
- so auf dem Kanal ist, und mit /join #karlsruhe sich auf diesen Kanal
- begeben. Deutschsprachige Kanaele laufen oft unter Staedtenamen.
-
- Den Rest erfaehrt man etweder ueber das /help - Kommando, oder man laesst
- es sich von den Leuten auf dem IRC oder im Terminalraum erklaeren.
-
- Private Nachrichten an andere Benutzer verschickt man mit dem Kommando
- /msg nickname Nachricht.
-
- 2.3) Wie komme ich auf das BITNET Relay?
-
- Hierzu schickt man eine Nachricht an RELAY@DEARN, mit dem
- Inhalt /register Vorname Nachname, danach ein /signon <Nickname>.
- Das Relay hat numerierte Kanaele. Man befindet sich dann erst einmal
- im Kanal 1 und kann sich dort erstmal mit ein paar Leuten unterhalten.
- Auf weiteren Kanaelen umsehen kann man sich mit /tlist, Benutzer ansehen
- mit /who. Mit /lcl bekommt man alle Benutzer, die auf eigenen Relay
- eingeloggt sind, also ueblicherweise alle Deutschen am RELAY@DEARN.
- Das /msg - Kommando zum Nachrichtenverschicken tut's auch hier.
-
- 2.4) Wie komme ich wieder raus?
-
- Mit einem der Befehle /bye oder /signoff.
-
-
- 3 Verhalten auf dem Netz
-
- 3.1) Gibt es eine Einfuehrung, die einem etwas ueber das Verhalten auf
- dem Netz erzaehlt?
-
- Ja, eine Australierin hat eine "Honor's Thesis" (wohl sowas
- aehnliches wie eine Diplomarbeit) ueber die sozialen Aspekte von IRC
- verfasst. Diese Abhandlung heisst "Electropolis" und ist ueber anonymen
- ftp von verschiedenen Stellen zu erhalten, zum Beispiel von der
- ftp.uni-kl.de im Verzeichnis /pub/IRCThesis. Sie ist technisch zwar nicht
- mehr ganz auf dem neuesten Stand, aber immer noch sehr lesenswert.
-
- 3.2) Dieser Typ/diese Type geht mir furchtbar auf die Nerven. Was kann
- ich machen?
-
- BITNET bietet den /ignore - Befehl an, der entweder in der
- Form /ignore <nickname> oder /ignore user@host abgegeben werden kann.
- Auf dem IRC sind diese Funktionen im client versteckt und unterscheiden
- sich deswegen; auf ircII zum Beispiel (der haeufgiste UNIX - client)
- kann man alle Nachrichten eines betimmten Benutzers mit /ignore
- user@hostname.domain all unterdruecken.
-
- 3.3) Was bedeuten diese komischen Buchstaben- und Zeichenkombinationen,
- die die Leute immer verwenden, wie :-), ;-), bcnu, cul8r, brb,
- usw.?
-
- Zeichenkombinationen wie :-), ;-) sind allgemein als "Smileys"
- bekannt, und wenn an den Kopf auf die linke Seite legt, kann man auch
- einigermassen sehen, warum. Die Buchstabenkombinationen machen oft
- Sinn, wenn man sie englisch buchstabiert, cul8r wird so zum Beispiel zu
- "see you later". Brb steht fuer be right back. Das Erfinden solcher
- Abkuerzungen ist ein beliebtes Spiel, was der Verstaendlichkeit manchmal
- etwas abtraeglich ist.
-
- 3.4) Wie kann ich feststellen, ob ich mich auch wirklich mit der Person
- unterhalte, fuer die sie sich ausgibt?
-
- Das ist auf dem IRC praktisch unmoeglich, da es recht einfache
- technische Moeglichkeiten gibt, dem Server und damit den anderen
- Teilnehmern falsche Angaben zu machen. "Faken" (von userid's, Namen
- etc.) wird von einigen Leuten durchaus als Gesellschaftssport
- betrieben.
-
- Auf dem BITNET Relay kann man sich zumindest einigermassen
- sicher sein, dass man sich mit der entsprechenden Userid auf dem Rechner
- unterhaelt. Wer allerdings im Einzelfall am Terminal sitzt, ist auch
- nicht festzustellen.
-
- 3.5) Wie machen diese Leute die riesigen Buchstaben? Ist das eine gute
- Idee?
-
- Die sogenannten Banner (nach dem Befehl, mit dem sie erzeugt
- werden) sind zwar manchmal ganz lustig, koennen aber bei Leuten, die mit
- einem langsamen Modem im IRC sind, zu starken Verzoegerungen fuehren und
- den Lesefluss empfindlich stoeren.
-
-
- 4 Verschiedenes
-
- 4.1) Was ist eine RP?
-
- RP ist die Abkuerzung von Relay Party. Enstanden auf dem
- BITNET, als einfach ein paar Leute aufeinander neugierig waren, hat sie
- sich mittlerweile zu einer Veranstaltung entwickelt, die so alle halbe
- Jahre in einer anderen deutschsprachigen Grosstadt stattfindet,
- normalerweise im Fruehsommer und Spaetherbst. Dort treffen sich alle
- Chatter, die mal endlich sehen wollen, wie xy aussieht und ob er oder
- sie im "real life" wirklich so <insert as appropriate> ist wie auf dem
- Netz, oder um andere Leute wiederzutreffen.
-
- 4.2) Wie reserviere ich mir meinen Nickname?
-
- Auf dem BITNET Relay geht das nicht. Auf dem IRC gibt es den
- Nickserv; eine kurze Einfuehrung erhaelt man durch
-
- /msg nickserv@service.de help
-
-
- 4.3) Wo kriege ich Bilder von Chattern her?
-
- Es hat sich eingebuergert, dass auf RP's (siehe dort) Bilder
- gemacht werden, die von den Fotographen dann auch gescannt und,
- Einverstaendnis der Opfer vorausgesetzt, auf anonymen ftp - Servern zum
- freien Zugriff freigegeben werden. Das wird ueblicherweise auf
- de.talk.chat angekuendigt. Ausserdem gibt es seit neuestem die
- Newsgroup de.alt.binaries.pictures.relay-party, wo solche Sachen auch
- mal hingepostet werden.
-
- 4.4) Wie verschicke ich am schnellsten eine Datei an meine Chatpartner?
-
- Einige IRC - Clients, unter anderem ircII fuer Unix, unterstuetzen
- das dcc - Kommando; naeheres siehe /help dcc. Um eine Datei zu verschicken,
- bietet man das File zum Abholen mit /dcc send nick filename ein, und der
- Empfaenger holt sich dann mit /dcc get nick filename ab. Wenn es laengere
- Textfiles sind, sollte man sie vorher komprimieren (mit compress unter UNIX).
-
-
- 4.5) Wass haben die @ und * neben dem H oder G bei der /who - Liste
- im IRC zu bedeuten?
-
- Das @ bedeutet, das die ensprechende Person auf dem
- entsprechenden Kanal Channel - Operator (chanop, chop oder einfach auch
- Opa) ist. Jeder, der einen neuen Kanal aufmacht, bekommt dieses Flag.
- Ein solcher Benutzer ist privilegiert; er darf Leute vom Kanal werfen,
- mittels des /kick - Kommandos und mit dem Kanal viele verschiedene Dinge
- machen, wie zum Beispiel das Setzen eines neuen Themas durch nicht -
- chanops verhindern, neue chanops ernennen, etc. All dies geschieht mit
- dem /mode - Kommando, das ziemlich kompilziert ist.
-
- Das * bedeutet, das es sich um einen IRC - Operator (oder in
- neuerem Sprachgebrauch, Hausmeister) handelt. Diese Leute sind fuer das
- reibungslose Funktionieren von IRC verantwortlich; sie haben technische
- Funktion.
-
-
- 5 Credits
-
- In dieser FAQ wurden Beitraege von Trillian, Zotty, Vaxima und Miraculix
- verarbeitet.
- --
- Thomas Koenig, ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de, ig25@dkauni2.bitnet
- The joy of engineering is to find a straight line on a double logarithmic
- diagram.
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu alt.fan.douglas-adams:4487 news.answers:4578
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!hri.com!noc.near.net!uunet!munnari.oz.au!comp.vuw.ac.nz!kauri.vuw.ac.nz!gnat
- From: gnat@kauri.vuw.ac.nz (Nathan Torkington)
- Newsgroups: alt.fan.douglas-adams,news.answers
- Subject: alt.fan.douglas-adams FAQ
- Message-ID: <douglas-adams-FAQ_724330800@kauri.vuw.ac.nz>
- Date: 14 Dec 92 11:00:16 GMT
- Sender: news@comp.vuw.ac.nz (News Admin)
- Reply-To: douglas-adams-faq@vuw.ac.nz
- Followup-To: alt.fan.douglas-adams
- Organization: Dept. of Comp. Sci., Victoria Uni. of Wellington, New Zealand.
- Lines: 570
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Supersedes: <douglas-adams-FAQ_723121200@kauri.vuw.ac.nz>
- Nntp-Posting-Host: kauri.vuw.ac.nz
- Originator: gnat@kauri.vuw.ac.nz
-
- Archive-name: douglas-adams-FAQ
- Maintained-by: douglas-adams-faq@vuw.ac.nz <Nathan Torkington>
-
- ----------------------------------------
- FOREWORD
-
- Buy "Don't Panic" by Neil Gaiman. It is the best guide to 'The Guide'
- that is around. Relevant details are :
-
- TITLE: Don't Panic
- SUBTITLE: The Official Hitch-Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy Companion
- AUTHOR: Neil Gaiman
- PUBLISHER: Titan Books Ltd,
- 58 St Giles High St
- London WC2H 8LH.
- PAGES: 182pp.
- ISBN: 1-85286-013-8
- PRICE: UK price L3.95.
-
- (with appropriate salaams to Scott Telford (s.telford@ed.ac.uk) for
- kindly posting this data so that we may all benefit from his great
- knowledge and wisdom)
-
- There is allegedly a new edition of this, in the works. Stay tuned.
- ----------------------------------------
-
- This is the list of frequently asked questions (and their answers) for
- the newsgroup alt.fan.douglas-adams. There is biographical
- information about Douglas Adams, a list of his books and their ISBN
- numbers, as well as information about his boks and other fun stuff.
-
- Where possible, pointers to existing information (such as books,
- magazine articles, and ftp sites) are included here, rather than
- rehashing that information again. Information is provided without
- guarantee -- if you get stung using any of the information provided
- here, or send off your personal fortune and are stuck, then I accept
- no blame or responsibility. It's your own damn fault.
-
- If you haven't already done so, now is as good a time as any to read
- the guide to Net etiquette which is posted to news.announce.newusers
- regularly. You should be familiar with acronyms like FAQ, FTP and
- IMHO, as well as know about smileys, followups and when to reply to
- email to postings.
-
- This FAQ is currently posted to news.answers and alt.fan.pratchett.
- All posts to news.answers are archived, and it is possible to retrieve
- the last posted copy via anonymous FTP from pit-manager.mit.edu as
- /pub/usenet/alt.fan.douglas-adams/douglas-adams-FAQ. Those without
- FTP access should send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with "send
- usenet/news.answers/finding-sources" in the body to find out how to do
- FTP by e-mail.
-
- This FAQ was mostly written by Nathan Torkington, with numerous
- contributions by readers of alt.fan.douglas-adams. Comments and
- indications of doubt are enclosed in []s in the text. Each section
- begins with forth dashes ("-") on a line of their own, then the
- section number. This should make searching for a specific section
- easy.
-
- Contributions, comments and changes should be directed to
- douglas-adams-faq@vuw.ac.nz
-
- ----------------------------------------
- List of Answers
-
- 1 Biographical Information
- 1.1 Who the heck is Douglas Adams
- 1.2 What's this about the barrister?
- 2 Bibliographical Information
- 2.1 What are the books about?
- 2.2 Hitchhiker's Guide Series
- 2.3 Dirk Gently Series
- 2.4 Liff Books
- 2.5 Other Books
- 2.6 Young Zaphod Plays It Safe
- 2.7 Dr Who and Douglas Adams
- 3 Douglas Adams and Computers
- 3.1 Macintoshes
- 3.2 Computer Games
- 3.3 Magazine Articles
- 3.4 CD-ROM Edition of "Last Chance to See"
- 4 Mechandising
- 4.1 Audio Tapes
- 4.2 Albums
- 4.3 CDs
- 4.4 Videos
- 4.5 CD-ROM Edition of "Last Chance to See"
- 4.5 The Order of Everything
- 5 Explanations
- 5.1 The Ending to "Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency"
- 5.2 Young Zaphod Plays It Safe
- 6 Miscellaneous
- 6.1 Stuff
- 6.2 Number Games
- 6.3 Other Authors
- 6.4 The Future
- 6.5 Related Electronic Information
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1 Biographical Information
-
- In this section you will find information on Douglas Adams. The
- information isn't very detailed, because of (a) a desire to respect
- his privacy, and (b) you might as well buy "Don't Panic" anyway (see
- the very start of the file for information on Don't Panic).
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1.1 Who the heck is Douglas Adams
-
- Douglas Noel Adams (DNA) was born in 1952. [Anything else we need to
- know?]
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1.2 What's this about the barrister?
-
- After nearly a decade of saying in his blurbs that he was nearly
- married to a lady barrister, on November 25 1991 Douglas Adams and
- Jane Belson tied the knot in a quiet ceremony at Finsbury town hall in
- London. Bad luck, ladies. They will live in Islington.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2 Bibliographical Information
-
- In this section you will find descriptions of DNA's books, the
- information you need to order any of them, and information about
- Douglas Adams writing for Dr Who (not really *bibliographic*
- information, but what are you going to do - kick down my door and
- shoot me?).
-
- The entries are in this format: %T means title, %A means author, %I
- means imprint, %D means date, %I means ISBN number and %Z means a
- comment.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.1 What are the books about?
-
- Buy them and find out. Essentially, all the "Hitchhiker's Guide To
- the Galaxy" series form a trilogy in five parts about one man's
- travels through the universe after (and before) the Earth is
- accidentally destroyed. These have been reissued in various forms.
-
- The Dirk Gently books form a loosely-bound detective series.
-
- The Liff books are dictionaries of words, giving means to words which
- previously spend their lives loitering about at the top of signposts,
- and giving words to meanings which needed them. "Deeper" is an
- expanded form of "Liff", with somem definitions changed, and others
- omitted all-together.
-
- "Last Chance To See" tells of his trip around the world, looking for
- endangered species. Very funny, and very serious.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.2 Hitchhiker's Guide Series
-
- %T The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
-
- %T The Restaurant at the End of the Universe
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
-
- %T Life, The Universe and Everything
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
-
- %T So Long, and Thanks for All The Fish
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
-
- %T Mostly Harmless
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
-
- %T The Complete Radio Scripts
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
- %Z The radio series scripts (not part of the trilogy).
-
- %T The Hitchhiker's Trilogy
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
- %Z A collection of the first three books.
-
- %T The Hitchhiker's Omnibus
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
- %Z A collection of the first four books.
-
- %T The More Than Complete Hitchhiker's Guide
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
- %Z The first four books, with the short story "Young Zaphod Plays It
- %Z Safe". [Is this the Compleat?]
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.3 Dirk Gently Series
-
- %T Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
-
- %T The Long Dark Teatime of the Soul
- %A Douglas Adams
- %D
- %C
- %I
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.4 Liff Books
-
- %T The Meaning of Liff
- %A Douglas Adams and John Lloyd
- %D
- %C
- %I
-
- %T The Deeper Meaning of Liff
- %A Douglas Adams and John Lloyd
- %D
- %C
- %I
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.5 Other Books
-
- %T Last Chance to See
- %A Douglas Adams and Mark Carwardine
- %D
- %C
- %I
-
- %T The Utterly Utterly Merry Comic Relief Christmas Book
- %A Douglas Adams and Peter Fincham (editors)
- %D 1986
- %C Fontana
- %I
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.6 Young Zaphod Plays It Safe
-
- The short-story "Young Zaphod Plays it Safe" originally appeared in
- "The Utterly Utterly Merry Comic Relief Christmas Book", edited by
- Douglas Adams and Peter Fincham. It was published by Fontana in Great
- Britain in 1986. The story also appeared in the "More Than Complete
- Hitchhiker's Guide".
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.7 Dr Who and Douglas Adams
-
- Douglas (co)authored the shows "City of Death", "The Pirate Planet"
- and "Shada". Shada was never screened. City of Death and Shada were
- worked over and became "Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency".
-
- He also wrote a treatment (plot synopsis) for a film called "Dr Who
- and the Krikkitmen". It was never made into either a film or a TV
- show, but most of the pertinent plot points reappeared in "Life, The
- Universe and Everything."
-
- "Shada" was finally released on video on 6/6/1992. [Order info?]
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 3 Douglas Adams and Computers
-
- DNA definitely has a close association with computers. Here you will
- find about his love for Macintoshes, computer games he has (and
- hasn't) written, and computer magazine articles he has authored.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 3.1 Macintoshes
-
- Douglas Adams likes Macintoshes, and at one stage lived with one in
- Islington (see the dedication to [?]). He says that computer have
- completely changed the way he writes (he has gone from avoiding
- writing by finding food to eat, to avoiding writing by reconfiguring
- his Macintosh's operating system).
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 3.2 Computer Games
-
- With Infocom's Steve Meretzky (who no longer works for Infocom after
- their takeover by Mediagenic), he wrote "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the
- Galaxy" adventure game. "Bureaucracy" was credited to "Douglas Adams
- and The Staff of Infocom" - there were lots of Infocom people involved
- (Jeff O'Neill, Dave Lebling, Fred Morgan and others).
-
-
- The end sequence to the game "Hitchhiker's Guide" mentions a second
- game called "The Restaurant at the End of the Universe", but this game
- doesn't exist. Douglas Adams started to write it, as because
- "Bureaucracy" had poor sales, Adams and Infocom dropped the project.
- Infocom tried to revive the project later, but the virtual death of
- Infocom in 1990 brought this idea to an end.
-
- Douglas Adams also started work on another game, where the emphasis
- was to be on creating a virtual reality in the adventure, but petered
- out after his partner lost interest.
-
- Meretzky is still writing computer adventure games for "Legend
- Entertainment". Infocom only exists as a label for Activision, the
- company having been closed in 1989. The games are available from
- Virgin Mastertronic in "Infocom From Mastertonic" (a budget games
- house in the UK). Their address is :
- Customer Services
- Virgin Mastertronic Ltd
- 16 Portland Road
- London W11 2LA
- Tel: 071 - 727 8070
-
- It is also included in a package of 20 games called "The Lost
- Treasures of Infocom", released by Activision. "Bureaucracy" is
- available in "The Lost Treasures of Infocom II", also by Activision.
- These packages should be orderable or purchasable from any decent
- computer store :-)
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 3.3 Magazine Articles
-
- A Review of Microsoft Word for the Macintosh [?]
- MacUser Magazine
- September 1987
- Page 144.
- The Woes of SCSI Chaining
- Personal Macintosh column
- MacUser Magazine
- [when?]
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 3.4 CD-ROM Edition of "Last Chance to See"
-
- See section 4.5
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 4 Mechandising
-
- There are lots of merchandised products around. Here you fill find
- where to order the cassette tapes, albums, CDs and video from.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 4.1 Audio Tapes
-
- The canonical address is:
- BBC World Service Mail Order
- Room LG26 NE
- Bush House
- Strand
- London WC2B 4PH
-
- Tel: +44 71 257 2575
- Fax: +44 71 497 0498
-
- The price, for a box set of 6 audio tapes is #21.70 (British pounds).
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 4.2 Albums
-
- In the autumn of 1979, a double record album was released, which was a
- slightly contracted version of the first four episodes of the radio
- series. These were new recordings of essentially the same scripts.
-
- In the autumn of 1980, a second album was made, consisting of a
- rewritten and expanded version of radio episodes 5 and 6. This was
- called _The Restaurant at the End of the Universe_.
-
- You can obtain the albums from:
- Intergalactic Trading Co.
- P.O. Box 1516
- Longwood, FL 32750
- (407) 831-8344
- their catalog is $2, and the albums cost $10 ($5 each).
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 4.3 CDs
-
- The canonical address is:
- BBC World Service Mail Order
- Room LG26 NE
- Bush House
- Strand
- London WC2B 4PH
-
- Tel: +44 71 257 2575
- Fax: +44 71 497 0498
-
- The price, for a box set of 6 CDs is #34.76 (British pounds).
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 4.4 Videos
-
- [?]
- ----------------------------------------
- 4.5 CD-ROM Edition of "Last Chance to See"
-
- Featuring Douglas Adams reading the voice, information on the animals
- by Mark Carwardine, numerous photographs. Available for the Mac only.
- [Order info?]
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 4.5 The Order of Everything
-
- 1978: Fits 1-6 of the radio series were aired.
- : Fit 7 (The Christmas Episode) aired.
- 1979: Pan Books releases "The Hitchhiker's Guide To The
- Galaxy" book in Britain (expanded Fits 1-4).
- : Double album released (contracted Fits 1-4).
- 1980: Fits 8-12 of the radio series were aired.
- : Pan Books releases "Restaurant at the End of the
- Universe" in Britain (contracted Fits 7, 8, 9, 10,
- 11, 12, 5 and 6).
- : Harmony Books releases the first book in the United
- States.
- : Second record album recorded (expanded Fits 5 and 6).
- 1981: Six television episodes aired by the BBC, based on
- Fits 1-6 (used revisions made in the books).
- 1982: Harmony Books releases the second book in the
- United States.
- 1982: "Life the Universe and Everything" released
- simultaneously in Britain and the United States.
- 1984: "So Long, And Thanks for All the Fish" released
- simultaneously in Britain and the United States.
- 1986: "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" computer game released.
- 199?: "Last Chance to See" released.
- 199?: "Last Chance to See" CD-ROM released.
- 1992: "Mostly Harmless" released.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 5 Explanations
-
- Not all of DNA's writing is easily grasped. This section includes
- explanations of some of the trickier sections.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 5.1 The Ending to "Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency"
-
- From: bhack@mundil.cs.mu.OZ.AU (Brendan Hack)
- Date: Tue, 12 Nov 1991 23:08:13 GMT
-
- First of all you need to know something about Coleridge. There was
- never a second part of the poem _Kubla Khan_. Yet, at the end of
- Chapter 6 when The Director Of English Studies is reading _Kubla
- Khan_ the book says `The voice (that of the director of english
- studies) continues, reading the second, and altogether strange
- part of the poem.'
-
- In the book, _Kubla Khan_ has a second part. The book is not
- actually set in our existence. It is set in an existence in which
- the second part of _Kubla Khan_ exists. This second part of the
- poem tells the ghost about the existence of the time machine and
- how to travel back and stop the ship from exploding. As we well
- know the explosion of the ship is what caused life to begin on
- this miserable little planet of ours. When Dirk and Reg realised
- this they simply went forward in time to when Coleridge was
- writing the second part of _Kubla Khan_ and stopped him. Dirk just
- interrupted him and talked so much that Coleridge forgot what the
- second part was going to be about and therefore could not finish
- it! This change of history sent reality back into our perspective
- and the human race lived on (Yay, yippee!).
-
- Quite simple really.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 5.2 Young Zaphod Plays It Safe
-
- [?]
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 6 Miscellaneous
-
- This section has stuff that didn't really fit anywhere else.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 6.1 Stuff
-
- The phrase "the long dark teatime of the soul" appears in Chapter 1 of
- "Life, The Universe and Everything". Wowbagger the Infinitely
- Prolonged is described as being eventually ground down by the Sunday
- afternoons, and "as you stare at the clock the hands will move
- relentlessly on to four o'clock, and you will enter the long dark
- teatime of the soul."
-
- If you ring the Islington telephone number, you will get some people
- who have nothing to do with Douglas Adams and who are very annoyed.
- Don't do it.
-
- Arthur plays Dire Straits' "Tunnel of Love" from their "Making Movies"
- album to Fenchurch, in "So Long, And Thanks For All The Fish".
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 6.2 Number Games
-
- Yes, 6 times 9 equals 54. Yes, 6 times 9 equals 42 in base thirteen,
- and we don't want to know about the implications for the number of
- fingers on cavemen.
-
- The bit about monkeys was a reference to someone's comment that if you
- get an infinite number of monkeys at typewriters, eventually one will
- bash out a script to Hamlet. If you want to discuss probability,
- quantum physics or anything else that has nothing to do with Douglas
- Adams, bugger off to another group.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 6.3 Other Authors
-
- If you like Douglas Adams' writing, you might appreciate books by:
- * Neil Gaiman
- * Terry Pratchett
- * Tom Sharpe
- * P J O'Rourke
- * P G Wodehouse
- * Tom Holt
- ... but I offer no guarantees.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 6.4 The Future
-
- Having just released "Mostly Harmless", Douglas Adams says he wants to
- do a TV series about the Universe and the stuff in it. He estimates
- this will run around 12 episodes in length.
-
- There is a video called "The Making of the Hitchhiker's Guide" in
- progress, featuring all the original actors. They even found Marvin's
- costume in a box in the BBC.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 6.5 Related Electronic Information
-
- PGG (Project Galactic Guide for long) accepts entries on real-life
- subjects, as well as unreal-life subjects. A reader for the guide is
- available, as vela.acs.oakland.edu:/pub/swbaker/guide.zip Don't forget
- binary mode, ftp outside of business hours and contact
- swbaker@vela.acs.oakland.edu if you have any questions.
-
- Check out the newsgroup alt.galactic-guide, where PGG is alleged
- to be happening. The person to contact is the Editor-In-Chief,
- Supreme-God-Over-All-Beings and Leader-of-The-Hack, Paul Clegg
- (cleggp@aix.rpi.edu). After long and protracted discussions on
- which format is best for this, a decision was reached and I wasn't
- interested enough to record it for posterity. Contact Paul for
- information.
-
- There is also a paper-based list, maintained by David Hodges. It
- is used to raise money for charity and has been approved by
- Douglas Adams. You can buy copies (for charity), it is very
- large, and would be tremendously illegal (and most would find it
- immoral) to put on the net. Contributions to this can be sent to
- alm@doc.ic.ac.uk (remember to say they're for David Hodges as this
- isn't his account).
-
- ----------------------------------------
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu alt.activism:37516 alt.drugs:41886 talk.politics.drugs:12541 news.answers:4800
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!usenet
- From: aldis@peg.apc.org (Aldis Ozols)
- Newsgroups: alt.activism,alt.drugs,talk.politics.drugs,news.answers
- Subject: GROUPS: Anti War-on-Drugs Activists' List
- Supersedes: <drug-law-reformers_724140130@athena.mit.edu>
- Followup-To: alt.activism,alt.drugs,talk.politics.drugs
- Date: 26 Dec 1992 06:02:22 GMT
- Organization: Massachvsetts Institvte of Technology
- Lines: 1478
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 23 Jan 1993 06:02:10 GMT
- Message-ID: <drug-law-reformers_725349730@athena.mit.edu>
- Reply-To: aldis@kralizec.zeta.org.au
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pit-manager.mit.edu
- Summary: This is a list of organisations active in drug law reform,
- with information on how to contact them.
- X-Last-Updated: 1992/12/24
-
- Archive-name: drug-law-reformers
- Last-modified: 1992/12/24
- Version: 1.13
-
-
-
- LIBERTY ACTIVISTS' LIST
- v 1.13 12/1992
-
- So you're sick of the "War on Drugs"? Here's an international
- list of over 200 organisations which support drug law reform,
- although most of them are in the US. Look for one in your area.
-
- Please distribute this list widely, and send in any groups
- which are not listed already.
-
- There's an active group here for almost any taste. Joining
- your favourite organisation is best, though if you're worried
- about persecution, just send anonymous money or a letter of
- appreciation. Take advantage of your democratic rights while
- you still have some!
-
- If you're already in a law reform organisation, you can use
- this list to contact others with similar interests, and share
- information or facilities. Just knowing that there are others
- working on these issues can be a big morale booster.
-
- The power of pro-liberty organisations can be multiplied many
- times by fast and efficient communication, which spreads news
- and promotes co-ordinated action. Electronic mail and
- conferencing is the most efficient way to achieve these necessary
- abilities. For example, this list doubled its size in eight
- months of circulation over the Usenet. I strongly encourage
- active groups and individuals to use this powerful technology.
-
- This listing was originally kicked off with a list of groups
- reproduced _with permission_ from the February, 1992 issue of
- _High Times_ magazine (contact details at the end of the list).
-
- Since then, it has grown considerably through the kindness of
- those who have contributed additional entries, including Chris
- Klausmeier, Macca Macpherson and Dave Thomson. Please reproduce
- and distribute widely with this acknowledgment. Post it on
- bulletin boards if you can.
-
- PLEASE SEND NEW LISTINGS
-
- I don't know any more about most of these groups, than what
- appears here. If you know about other active groups not
- listed here, or if any entries need correction, please e-mail
- me at "aldis@kralizec.zeta.org.au" or "aldis@peg.apc.org",
- or mail to the address below, for incorporation in future
- editions of this list.
-
-
- Aldis Ozols
- GPO Box 127
- SYDNEY 2001
- AUSTRALIA
-
-
- * * * * *
-
- *AUSTRALIA*
-
- BIO-Logical PRODUCTS
- PO Box 768
- Potts Point
- NSW 2011
- AUSTRALIA
- Fax: (02) 358 1332
- Notes: Sells clothing made of hemp, and distributes information
- about the uses of hemp for paper, fuel, etc.
-
- Flinders NORML
- c/- Clubs and Societies Association, Inc.
- Flinders University
- Bedford Park, SA 5042
- AUSTRALIA
-
- Hemp For Paper Consortium
- c/- Harmsens
- 430 Tinderbox Road
- TINDERBOX
- TAS 7054
- AUSTRALIA
- Phone: (002) 29 2063
-
- New South Wales NORML
- GPO Box 91
- Sydney, NSW 2001
- AUSTRALIA
- Email: ausnorml@peg.apc.org
-
- Nimbin HEMP
- PO Box 177
- Nimbin, NSW 2480
- AUSTRALIA
- Phone: (066) 89 1602
-
-
- *BELGIUM*
-
- International Anti-Prohibitionist League (Europe)
- 97 Rue Belliard, Rem.512
- 1040 Brussels
- BELGIUM
- Phone: (32 2) 230 4121
- Fax: (32 2) 230 3670
-
-
- *CANADA*
-
- Hemp Canada
- 500 PallMall St.
- London, Ontario
- CANADA
- N5Y 2Z4
- Phone: (519) 433 9570
- (Peter Miller)
-
- International Anti-Prohibitionist League (Canada)
- c/- Marie-Andree Bertrand
- PO Box 6128
- University of Montreal
- Criminology Dept.
- Montreal, Quebec H3C 3S7
- CANADA
-
- SFU League for Ethical Action on Drugs
- c/o SFSS Clubs Administration
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby, B.C.
- CANADA V5A 1S6
- Email: chil@sfu.ca
-
-
- *FINLAND*
-
- Suomen kannabisyhdistys
- PL 20
- SF-00770 Helsinki
- FINLAND
-
-
- *GERMANY*
-
- H.A.N.F. e.V.
- Hanf als Nutzpflanze foerdern
- c/o Gecko Headshop
- Osterfelder Str. 2
- D-5600 Wuppertal 1
- GERMANY
- Phone: (0202) 304295
- Fax: (0202) 316795
-
-
- *NEW ZEALAND*
-
- NZ NORML
- PO Box 19467
- Avondale
- Auckland 7
- NEW ZEALAND
- Phone: (09) 828 4707 (Mike Finlayson)
-
-
- *SWITZERLAND*
-
- Verein Schweizer Hanf Freunde
- (Swiss Association of Hemp Friends)
- Postfach 323
- 9004 St. Gallen
- SWITZERLAND
-
-
- *UNITED KINGDOM*
-
- CODD (Committee for an Open Debate on Drugs)
- BCM Entwine,
- London WC1N 3XX
- UNITED KINGDOM
-
- Legalise Cannabis Campaign
- BM Box 2455
- London WC1N 3XX
- GREAT BRITAIN
-
-
- *UNITED STATES OF AMERICA*
-
- Alabama TEACH
- Rt 3 Box 620
- Blountsville, AL 35031
- USA
- (Johnny Bynum)
-
- Alaskans for Hemp Awareness
- 1013 E. Dimond St, #227
- Anchorage, AK 99515
- USA
-
- Alaskans for Privacy
- 810 West 2nd Street
- Anchorage, AK 99501
- USA
- Phone: (907) 274 2010
-
- Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics
- PO Box 21210
- Kalorama Station
- Washington, DC 20009
- USA
- Phone: (202) 483 8595
-
- American Anti-Prohibitionist League
- 3929 SE Madison
- Portland, OR 97214
- USA
- (Floyd Ferris Landrath)
-
- American Cannabis Research Experiment
- PO Box 3240
- Charlottesville, VA 22903
- USA
- Email: jeg5s@uva.PCmail.virginia.edu
-
- American Cannabis Society
- PO Box 9208
- Madison, WI 53715
- USA
-
- American Civil Liberties Union
- 132 West 43rd St.
- New York, NY 10036
- USA
- Phone: (212) 944 9800
- Notes: While not explicitly a drug law reform group, the ACLU
- promotes human rights and supports alternatives to current laws.
-
- American Hemp Council
- PO Box 71093
- Los Angeles, CA 90071-0093
- USA
- Phone: (213) 288 4152
-
- American Medical Marijuana Movement
- (San Francisco Headquarters)
- 3745 Seventeenth Street
- San Francisco, CA 94114
- USA
- Phone: (415) 864 1961
-
- Ann Arbor NORML
- PO Box 6014
- Ann Arbor MI 48106
- USA
- Phone: (313) 663 9048 (Rich Birkett), (313) 453 8840
-
- Antiochans for Hemp Awareness
- Antioch College
- Community Government
- Yellow Springs, OH 45387
- USA
- Phone: (513) 767 6427
-
- Arizona NORML
- 703 W 12th Place
- Tempe, AZ 85281
- USA
-
- AZ 4 NORML
- PO Box 50434
- Phoenix, AZ 85076
- USA
- Phone: (602) 278 4278
- (William Green)
-
- Bill of Rights Society
- PO Box 44485
- P.C., CA 91412
- USA
-
- Boulder Hemp Initiative Project
- P.O. Box 729
- Nederland, CO 80466
- Phone: (303) 369-1782
- (Blair Wilson, Laura Kriho)
-
- Buffalo B.A.C.H.
- 336 Esser Avenue
- Buffalo, NY 14207
- USA
- Phone: (716) 873 0255
- (Marilyn Craig)
-
- Business Alliance for Commerce in Hemp
- PO Box 71093
- Los Angeles, CA 90071-0093
- USA
- Phone: (213) 288 4152
- (Chris Conrad)
-
- California Marijuana Initiative
- 23342 Angeles Forest Hwy.
- Palmdale, CA 93550
- USA
-
- California NORML
- 2215R Market St. #278
- San Francisco, CA 94114
- USA
- Phone: (415) 563 5858
- (Dale Gieringer)
-
- Cannabis Action Network (National Office)
- PO Box 54528
- Lexington, KY 40555
- USA
- Notes: Currently relocating, telephone disconnected
-
- Cannabis Action Network (Western Regional Office)
- 2560 Bancroft Way
- # 46 Berkeley, CA 94704
- USA
- Phone: (510) 486 1779
- Voice Mail: (800) 942 9304 X 21513
- (Debby Goldsberry)
-
- Cannabis Action Network (Southern Regional Office)
- 4428 South Carrollton
- New Orleans, Louisiana 70119
- USA
- Phone: (504) 482 4094
- (Kevin Aplin)
-
- CARE
- Art L.
- PO Box 1612
- Bellflower, CA 90706
- USA
-
- Cato Institute
- 224 2nd Street SE
- Washington, DC 20003
- USA
- Phone: (202) 546 0200
- Fax: (202) 546 0728
- Notes: Will move to 1000 Massachusetts Avenue in January 1993.
-
- CCDS/BB
- 41 Sutter St., Suite 1688
- San Fransisco, CA 94104
- USA
-
- Chapel Hill NORML
- PO Box 5122
- Chapel Hill, NC 27514
- USA
- Phone: (919) 932 5345
- (Rick Ramirez)
-
- Christians for HEMP
- 4550 N Springfield Ave
- Chicago, IL 60625-6318
- USA
- Phone: (312) 287 HEMP
- Notes: Attempt to send mail failed, 10/1992. Group may be
- defunct or at different address.
-
- Christic Institute (Causes and Cures Campaign)
- 1324 North Capitol Street, N.W.
- Washington, DC 20002
- USA
- Phone: (202) 797 8106
- Fax: (202) 462 5138
- E-mail: christic@igc.org
- Notes: Write to contact local campaign organiser
-
- Chuck Porter for Mayor
- PO Box 29
- Fairfield, KY 40020
- USA
-
- Citizens Advocating the Protection of Privacy
- 12611 Research Blvd. #121
- Austin, TX 78759
- USA
- Phone (512) 448 4804
- Notes: Specifically concerned with employer drug testing,
- especially by Motorola and Texas Instruments.
- Last Contacted: December 1992.
-
- Citizens Against Prohibition
- 1825 I Street NW #400
- Washington, DC 20006
- USA
- Phone: (202) 429 6827
- Notes: Attempt to send mail failed, 10/1992. Group may be
- defunct or at different address.
-
- Clergy for Enlightened Drug Policy
- St Luke's Methodist Church
- Wisconsin Ave. and Calvert St., NW
- Washington, DC 20007
- USA
- Phone: (202) 333 4949
-
- Coalition for Personal Rights
- PO Box 73
- Des Moines, IA 50301
- USA
- (Carl Olsen)
-
- College Station NORML
- PO Box 9077
- College Station, TX 77842
- USA
- Phone: (409) 268 1180
-
- Colorado NORML
- 137 W County Line Road #500
- Littleton, CO 80126
- USA
- Phone: (303) 470 1100
- (Mark Culverhouse)
-
- Community for Creative Non-Violence
- 425 Second Street, NW
- Washington, DC 20001
- USA
- Phone: (202) 393 1909
-
- Community Improvement, Inc.
- 104 E.Fowler Ave., Suite 203
- Tampa, FL 33612
- USA
- Phone: (813) 931 8028
-
- Concerned Citizens for Responsible Drug Policies
- 3601 S Noland Road #32
- Independence, MO 64055
- USA
-
- Dallas/Fort Worth NORML
- PO Box 280586
- Dallas, TX 75228-9186
- USA
- Phone: (214) 502-4211
- (Dana George)
-
- Daytona Beach Hemp Awareness Council
- PO Box 10384
- Daytona Beach, FL 32120
- USA
-
- DC Metro NORML
- PO Box 10384
- Washington, DC 20013
- USA
- Phone: (703) 660 WEED, (301) 540 TOKE
- (Gary Jones)
-
- Delaware Valley NORML (1)
- 4387 Swamp Road Suite 275
- Doylestown, PA 18901
- USA
- Phone: (215) 672 5567
- (Bob Pabst)
-
- Delaware Valley NORML (2)
- 154 Uploand Ave
- Horsham, PA 19044
- USA
-
- Drug Legalization Comments
- c/o Carol Moore
- PO Box 1608
- Washington, DC 20013
- USA
-
- Drug Policy Foundation
- 4801 Massachusetts Ave. NW
- Ste. 400
- Washington, DC 20016
- USA
- Phone: (202) 895 1634
- Fax: (202) 537 3007
- Compuserve: 76546,215
- Usenet: 76546.215@compuserve.com
-
- Drug Reform Coalition
- 225 Lafayette St., Ste. 911
- New York, NY 10012
- USA
- Phone: (212) 995 1245
-
- DU NORML
- Student Government Office
- DUC -- North
- 2055 East Evans
- Denver, CO 80210
- USA
- Phone: (303) 778 7574
- (Todd Hall)
-
- End Drug Crime
- PO Box 1623
- Albany, NY 12201
- USA
- Phone: (518) 434 3279
-
- Environmental Resources Through Hemp
- 8480-M Baltimore National Pike
- Suite 268
- Ellicott City, MD 21043
- USA
- Phone: (301) 461 1862
- (Alan Kicondale)
-
- Fairbanks NORML
- 2990 Davis Road #E-29
- Fairbanks, AK 99709
- USA
-
- Families Against Destructive Drug Rehab (FADD)
- 4654 Dower Drive
- Ellicott City, MD 21043
- USA
-
- Families Against Mandatory Minimums
- 2000 L Street NW, Ste. 702
- Washington, DC 20016
- USA
- Phone: (202) 833 3266
-
- Family Council on Drug Awareness
- PO Box 71093
- Los Angeles, CA 90071-0093
- USA
- Phone: (213) 288 4152
-
- F.E.A.R.
- PO Box 513
- Franklin, NJ 07416-0513
- USA
- Phone: (201) 827 2177
- Notes: While not specifically a drug law reform organisation, FEAR
- opposes the Civil Forfeiture laws which have been imposed in the
- name of the "War on Drugs".
-
- Flint Hills NORML
- SGS Union PO Box 70
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan, KS 66502
- USA
- Phone: (913) 532 5254
- (Terry Weber)
-
- Florida Association for Intelligent Hemp Reform / Tampa Bay NORML
- 5364 Ehrlich Road, Suite 223
- Tampa, FL 33625
- USA
- Phone: (813) 265 8084
- (Gregory Courson)
-
- Florida Legalization Organization
- c/- Michael Geison
- PO Box 350
- LaCrosse, FL 32658
- USA
-
- Freedom Education Outreach
- PO Box 34077
- Bethesda, MD 20827
- USA
-
- Freedom Fighters of America
- 235 Park Ave. So., 5th Flr.
- New York, NY 10003
- USA
-
- Friends of Hemp
- PO Box 981
- Mars Hill, NC 28754
- USA
- Phone: (704) 652 8919
-
- Fully Informed Jury Association (1)
- 4730 W Northern #1063
- Glendale AZ 85301
- USA
- Phone: (602) 930 1268
- Notes: Not explicitly a drug law reform group, the FIJA promotes
- awareness of the rights of Juries to judge the law itself.
-
- Fully Informed Jury Association (2)
- PO Box 59
- Helmville, MT 59843
- USA
- Notes: Not explicitly a drug law reform group, the FIJA promotes
- awareness of the rights of Juries to judge the law itself.
-
- The Future of Freedom Foundation
- PO Box 9752
- Denver, CO 80209
- USA
-
- Gainsville NORML / Florida Legalization Organization
- PO Box 350
- La Crosse, FL 32658-0350
- USA
- (Michael Geison)
-
- Gatewood Galbraith for Governor
- 163 W Short Street
- Lexington, KY 40507
- USA
- Phone: (1-800) 866 HEMP
-
- Georgia NORML (aka St Petersburg NORML)
- PO Box 821
- Lithia Springs, GA 30057
- USA
- Phone: (404) 739 1870
- (James Bell)
-
- Green Bay NORML
- PO Box 22081
- Green Bay, WI 54305
- USA
- Phone: (800) 498 8000
- (Robbie Brien)
-
- Green Democrats of Kentucky
- PO Box 760
- McKee, KY 40447
- USA
-
- Green Panthers (1)
- PO Box 8292
- Toledo OH 43605
- USA
- Fax: (202) 265 1078
- (Terry Mitchell)
-
- Green Panthers (2)
- 1718 M St., NW, Ste. 322
- Washington, DC 20036
- USA
- Phone: (202) 829 9419 or (202) 363 0068
- Fax: (202) 265 1078
-
- GVSU NORML
- Student Activities Office
- Kirkhof Center
- Grand Valley State University
- Allendale, MI 49401
- USA
- (Dave Speas)
-
- Hawaii NORML
- P.O.Box 2056
- Pahoa, Hawaii 96778
- USA
- Phone: (808) 965 8600
- Fax: (808) 965 6242
- (Roger Christie)
-
- Help Eliminate Marijuana Prohibition
- 5632 Van Nuys Blvd.
- Van Nuys, CA 91401
- USA
-
- Hemp Advocates
- PO Box 10176
- South Bend, IN 46680
- USA
-
- The Hemp Coalition
- PO Box 2382
- Albany, NY 12220
- USA
-
- Hemp Environmental Activists
- PO Box 4935
- East Lansing, MI 48826
- USA
- Phone: (517) 371 HEMP
-
- Hemp Hemp Hooray!
- c/o Craig Howard
- PO Box 1912
- Mason City, IA 50401
- USA
- Phone: (515) 696 5755
-
- Hemptek Industries Inc
- PO Box 27809
- Dept HT-4C
- San Diego, CA 92198-1809
- USA
-
- HJA NORML
- PO Box 11
- Hollidaysburg, PA 16648-0011
- USA
- (J.S. Vipond)
-
- Hoosier Cannabis Relegalization Coalition
- PO Box 5325
- Bloomington, IN 47407
- USA
- Contact: Paul Hager or Dennis Withered
- Email: hagerp@iuvax.cs.indiana.edu
-
- Houston NORML
- PO Box 1952
- Bellaire, TX 77401
- USA
- Phone: (713) 465 8418
- (Rich Potthoff)
-
- Human Environmental Mandate Proponents
- 1004 E. Preston St.
- Baltimore, MD 21202
- USA
- Phone: (410) 547 6706
- Modem: (410) 685 2894
- (Larry Monoghan)
-
- Idaho B.A.C.H.
- 3310 Driftwood Dr.
- Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
- USA
- Phone: (208) 773 3974
- (Tom Klein)
-
- Indiana CAN
- PO Box 20028
- Indianapolis, IN 46220
- USA
- Phone: (317) 638 ICAN
-
- Indiana NORML
- 3601 E Pennsylvania St
- Indianapolis, IN 46205
- USA
- Phone: (317) 923 9391
- (Stephen Dillon)
-
- Indianapolis NORML
- 3746 North College Avenue
- Indianapolis, IN 46218
- USA
-
- Illinois Marijuana Initiative
- (aka Illinois NORML)
- PO Box 2242
- Darien, IL 60559
- USA
- Phone: (708) 859 0499
- Email: mrosing@igc.org or uunet!pyramid!cdp!mrosing
-
- Institute for HEMP
- PO Box 65130
- St. Paul, MN 55165
- USA
- Phone: (612) 222 2628
- Email: insthemp@igc.apc.org
- (John Birrenbach)
-
- International Society for Individual Liberty
- 1800 Market Street
- San Francisco, CA 94102
- USA
- Phone: (415) 864 0952
- Fax: (415) 864 7506
- E-mail: 71034.2711@compuserve.com
-
- Iowa Grassroots Party (aka Ames NORML)
- PO Box 1136
- Ames, IA 50010
- USA
- Phone: (515) 233 6081
- (Derrick Grimmer)
-
- KU NORML
- PO Box 3677
- Lawrence, KS 66044
- USA
- Phone: (913) 842 2980 (David Cook)
- Fax: (913) 832 1734 (David Almquist)
- E-mail: KUNORML@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu
-
- Lazy Nichels
- John Musters
- 2695 Victoria Drive
- Laguna Beach, CA 92651
- USA
-
- Legalize? SIG
- PO Box 3240
- Charlottesville, VA 22903
- USA
- E-mail: jeg5s@uva.PCmail.virginia.edu
- Notes: This is a MENSA Special Interest Group, open only to MENSA members.
-
- Libertarian Party
- 1528 Pennsylvania Ave. SE
- Washington, DC 20003
- USA
- Phone: (202) 543 1988
- US Toll Free: (800) 682 1776
- Notes: You should call the Toll Free line for information about branches
- in your area.
-
- Libertarian Party of Massachusetts
- PO Box 2610
- Boston, MA 02208
- USA
- Phone: (617) 426 4402
-
- Little Rock NORML
- PO Box 19031
- Little Rock, AR 72209
- USA
- Phone: (501) 371 0701
- (Glen Schwarz or A. Wayne Davis)
-
- Little Sisters of the Mother Herb
- Route 1 Box 2142
- Crewe, VA 23930
- USA
- (Sandy Hayer)
- Phone: (804) 645 1038
-
- The Lone Reefer
- PO Box 515
- Harmony, PA 16037
- USA
- Phone: (412) 766 1842
-
- Los Angeles NORML
- 8749 Holloway Drive
- West Hollywood, CA 90069
- USA
- Phone: (213) 652 8654
- (Bruce Margolin)
-
- LSU NORML
- LSU Box 16266
- LA State University
- Baton Rouge LA 70893
- USA
- Phone: (504) 769 6669
- (Pat O'Neill)
-
- Maine Vocals
- PO Box 189
- Anson, ME 04911
- USA
- (Don Christen)
-
- Mankato NORML
- 302 N Fifth Street #1
- Mankato, MN 56001
- USA
- Phone: (507) 345 6112
- (Celeste Gibson)
-
- Marylanders for Drug Policy Reform
- 2499 Davidsonville Road
- Gambrills, MD 21054
- Phone: (???) 721-0129
- USA
-
- Massachusetts Cannabis Action Network
- (aka Mass NORML)
- 1 Homestead Rd.
- Marblehead, MA 01945-1122
- USA
- Phone: (617) 599 3161
- (Steven Epstein)
-
- Massachusetts Cannabis Reform Coalition
- 711 Center St
- Hanover, MA 02339-2514
- USA
- Phone: (508) 261 9073
-
- Medical Marijuana Restoration Association
- 3745 17th St.
- San Francisco, CA 94114
- USA
- Phone: (415) 864 1961
- (Dennis Peron)
-
- Mid-South Tennessee NORML
- PO Box 254
- Pulaski, TN 38478
- USA
- Phone: (615) 565 3898
- (Kenny Breeding)
-
- Milwaukee NORML
- 207 E Buffalo Street
- PO Box 92251
- Milwaukee WI 53202
- USA
- Phone: (414) 273-HEMP
- (Tom Scannell)
-
- Minnesota NORML (1)
- PO Box 80522
- Minneapolis, MN 55408
- USA
- Phone: (612) 827 2224
- (Tim Davis)
-
- Minnesota NORML (2)
- (aka Grassroots Party)
- PO Box 8011
- St Paul, MN 55108
- USA
- Phone: (612) 827 2224
- (Tim Davis)
-
- Missouria NORML
- 15 North 10th Street
- Columbia, MO 65201
- USA
- Phone: (314) 443 6866
- (Dan Viets)
-
- Movement Support Network
- Center for Constitutional Rights
- 666 Broadway, 7th Floor
- New York NY 10012
- USA
-
- National Drug Strategy Network
- 2000 L St., Ste. 702
- Washington, DC 20036
- USA
- Phone: (202) 835 9075
-
- National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML)
- 1636 R St. NW
- Washington, DC 20009
- USA
- Phone: (202) 483 5500
-
- New Age Patriot
- PO Box 419
- Dearborn Heights, MI 48127
- USA
- Phone: (313) 563 3192
- (Bruce W. Cain)
-
- New Options Inc
- PO Box 19324
- Washington, DC 20036
- USA
- Phone: (202) 822 0929
-
- New York City NORML
- 6 West 18th Street #4B
- New York, NY 10011
- USA
- Phone: (212) 727 7500
- (Todd A Bierman)
-
- No More Drug War Foundation
- PO Box 18780
- Denver, CO 80218
- USA
-
- NORML of New Jersey
- PO Box 668
- Navesink, NJ 07752
- USA
- Phone: (609) 435 7363
- In New Jersey & Philadelphia: (800) 742 202
-
- Northcoast Ohio NORML
- PO Box 771154
- Cleveland, OH 44107-0049
- USA
- Phone: (216) 521 WEED or (216) 228 2835 (John)
- USA
-
- North Idaho NORML
- 3310 Driftwood Drive
- Coeur d'Alene ID 83814
- USA
- Phone: (208) 773 3974
- (Tom Klein)
-
- NW Arkansas NORML / Fayetteville NORML
- 36 East Center Street
- Fayetteville, AR 72701
- USA
- Phone: (501) 521 4300
- (Dale Evans)
-
- Ohio Hempery
- 14 N. Court Street #327
- Athens, OH 45701
- USA
- (Donald Wirtschafter)
- Phone: (614) 593 5826, Info Hotline 1-800-BUY-HEMP
- Notes: Sells a variety of legal hemp products, e.g. paper, linen, twine.
- Last Contacted: Sent flyer to Australia, December 1992.
-
- Ohio NORML
- PO Box 36
- New Plymouth, OH 45654
- USA
- Phone: (614) 385 4167
- (Cliff Barrows)
-
- Ohio University NORML
- 415 Carriage Hill Drive
- Athens, OH 45701
- USA
- Phone: (614) 592 5118
- (James Davis)
-
- Oklahoma NORML
- PO Box 12545
- Oklahoma City, OK 73157
- USA
- Phone: (405) 840 4367
- (Michael Pearson)
-
- Oklahoma Tulsa Chapter NORML
- 1023 West 23rd
- Tulsa, OK 74107
- USA
- Phone: (918) 583 9041
- (C. Rabon Martin)
-
- PARTIE Party (People's Alliance to Reform, Transform and
- Improve Everything)
- PO Box 46853
- Mt. Clemens, MI 48046
- USA
- Phone: (313) 358 9869
-
- Partnership for a Free America
- c/o Sameer Parekh
- 829 Paddock Lane
- Libertyville, IL 60048-3743
- USA
- Phone: (708) 362 9659
- E-mail: pfa@ddsw1.MCS.COM
-
- Partnership for a Responsible America (Texas)
- (Part RATEX)
- PO Box 926042
- Houston, TX 77292
- USA
- Phone: (713) 683 9639
- (Richard Lee)
-
- Partnership for a Responsible Drug Policy
- 792 8th St.
- Lake Oswego, OR 97034
- USA
- Phone: (503) 697 3974
- (Anthony Taylor)
-
- The Patriots of Truth for United Earth
- Bob and Peggy Ross
- Po Box 262
- Rose Lodge, OR 97372
- USA
-
- Penn State University NORML
- 529 South Pugh Street
- Sate College, PA 16801
- USA
- Phone: (814) 867 2266
- (Robert Kampia)
-
- Pittsburgh NORML
- PO Box 4839
- Pittsburgh, PA 15206
- USA
- Phone: (412) 362 3461
- (Bonnie Kurtz)
-
- Prisoners of Conscience
- PO Box 4091
- Des Moines, IA 50333
- USA
- Phone: (515) 243 7351
- (Carl Olsen)
-
- Progressive Economic Alliances Cultivating Energy
- PO Box 623
- Kula, Maui, HI 96790-0623
- USA
- Phone/Fax: (808) 878 3630
-
- Project for a Calculated Transition
- Green Haven Correctional Facility
- Drawer B
- Stormville, NY 12582
- USA
-
- Religious Coalition for a Moral Drug Policy
- 3421 M St. NW, Ste. 351
- Washington, DC 20007
- USA
-
- Republicans for Hemp
- PO Box 7644
- Torrance, CA 90504
- USA
- (Michael Scott)
- Notes: Attempt to send mail failed, 10/1992. Group may be
- defunct or at different address.
-
- Rhode Island Crusade Against Marijuana Prohibition
- PO Box 1538
- E Greenwich, RI 02818
- USA
-
- Rocky Mountain HEMP Network (also Green Democrats of Colorado)
- 1090 S Wadsworth Blvd #D
- Lakewood, CO 80226-4308
- USA
- Phone: (303) 838 1235
-
- Saint Paul NORML
- PO Box 2865
- St Paul, MN 55102
- USA
- Phone: (612) 776 5467
-
- San Antonio NORML
- 2138 Austin Highway
- San Antonio, TX 78218
- USA
- Phone: (512) 654 8720
- (John Gibbs)
-
- San Diego NORML (1)
- 4895 Guymon St.
- San Diego, CA 92102
- USA
- Phone: (619) 263 5733
- (Joe Cravotta)
-
- San Diego County NORML (2)
- PO Box 171396
- San Diego, CA 92197
- USA
- Phone: (619) 281 8586, (619) 571 0088
- (Charles Blue)
-
- Sanduski County NORML
- PO Box 282
- Freemont, OH 43420
- USA
- Phone: (419) 334 8215
- (Doug)
-
- Save Our Constitution (1)
- PO Box 3079
- Ann Arbor, MI 48106
- USA
- Phone: (313) 746 9670
-
- Save Our Constitution (2)
- PO Box 4935
- East Lansing, MI 48826
- USA
-
- Save Our Constitution (3)
- PO Box 46853
- Mt Clemens, MI 48046-6853
- USA
-
- Save Our Liberties
- [Address Unknown]
- Mountain View, CA
- USA
- Phone: (415) 964 3655
-
- SIUC NORML
- 304 1/2 East College
- Carbondale, IL 62901
- USA
- Phone: (618) 529 4821
- (Drew Hendricks)
-
- Sonoma Civil Rights Action Project
- PO Box 410
- Cazadero, CA 95421
- USA
- Phone: (707) 847 3642
- (Carol Miller)
-
- South Bend NORML
- PO Box 10176
- South Bend, IN 46680
- USA
- Phone: (219) 233 6581 (Sean Gloster) or (219) 287 9809 (Pete Szaday)
-
- Southern California NORML
- PO Box 71093
- Los Angeles CA 90071-0093
- USA
- Phone: (213) 288 4152
- (Lenny Shaw)
-
- St Lawrence NORML
- PO Box 201
- Potsdam, NY 13676
- USA
- Phone: (315) 265 5150
- (John Poupore)
-
- Students for Drug Policy Reform
- University of Washington
- HUB 207 Box 121 FM-25
- Seattle, WA 98195
- USA
-
- Students for the Legalization of Marijuana
- (aka University of Illinois NORML)
- PO Box 4205
- Urbana, IL 61801
- USA
- Phone: (217) 352 4367
- (Joshua Sloan)
-
- Susquehanna Valley NORML
- PO Box 10505
- Harrisburg, PA 17105-0505
- USA
- Phone: (717) 697 4255
- (Casey)
-
- SVA Freedom Fighters
- 209 E. 23rd St.
- New York, NY 10010
- USA
- Phone: (212) 679 7350 ext. 206
- (Happy)
-
- Tampa Hemp Council
- PO Box 273764
- Tampa, FL 33688-3764
- USA
- Phone: (813) 979 9527
-
- Texas Hemp Campaign (aka Texas NORML)
- PO BOX 13549
- Austin, TX 78711
- USA
- Phone: (512) 441 4099, (512) 837 4674 (Greg Clark)
- Email: thc@hitex.austin.tx.us
- Notes: Branches at Corpus - (512) 882 3009, Houston - (713) 683 9639,
- and San Antonio - (512) 654 8720.
- Last Contacted: This information was posted to a newsgroup, 6 Dec 1992.
-
- Therapeutic & Ecological Applications of Cannabis Hemp (TEACH)
- 2833 Frankford Ave.
- Panama City, FL 32405
- USA
- Phone: (904) 763 6812
- Hemp Hotline: (213) 288 4152
-
- Tide Water NORML
- PO Box 8861
- Virginia Beach, VA 23450
- USA
- Phone: (804) 425 9978
- (Karen Trimper)
-
- TN NORML
- RR 1 Box 47A
- Goodspring, TN 38460-9801
- USA
-
- Tree Free EcoPaper
- 121 S.W. Salmon, Suite 1100
- Portland, OR 97204
- USA
- Phone: (1-800) 775 0225
- Email: treefreeeco@igc.apc.org
- Notes: Wholesale suppliers of hemp paper and hemp pulp. Samples and
- analysis certificates available.
-
- Truth In Marijuana Education (TIME)
- c/o Ed Ostler
- PO Box 7036
- Chico, CA 95972
- USA
- Phone: (916) 345 1154
-
- Tucson Hemp Coalition
- Box 78093
- Tucson, AZ 85703-8093
- USA
-
- UB NORML
- SUNY at Buffalo Student Association
- 111 Talbert Hall
- Amherst, NY 14260
- USA
-
- UMSOM (aka Michigan NORML)
- 11280 McKinley
- Taylor, MI 48180
- USA
- Phone: (313) 287 9077
- (Chuck Kyle)
-
- Union County NORML
- 271 Indian Trail
- Unionville Road
- Indian Trail, NC 28079
- USA
- Phone: (704) 821 8478
- (Jerry Morse)
-
- University of Massachusetts at Amherst Cannabis Reform Coalition (UMACRC)
- SAO mailbox #2, 415 Student Union Building,
- UMass, Amherst, MA 01002
- USA
- Phone: (413) 546-3413 (Aaron Wilson)
- Email: verdant@titan.ucs.umass.edu
- Notes: Non-students welcome...drop in!
-
- University of Minnesota NORML
- CMU 235
- U-Minnesota
- 300 Washington Ave. SE
- St Paul, MN 55455
- USA
- Phone: (612) 722 2600
- (Spenser Orman)
-
- UNM NORML
- 3131 Adams NE F35
- Albuquerque, NM 877110
- USA
- Phone: (505) 888 4263
- (Jon Bell)
-
- VCU NORML
- PO Box 2032
- Richmond, VA 23284
- USA
- Phone: (804) 358 1042
- (Christina Newton-Fletcher)
-
- Vermont Vocals / BACH / FCDA
- 19 Bay St #4
- Newport, VT 05855-1101
- USA
-
- Vermont Legislative Liason
- RR #1 Box 638
- West Charleston, VT 05872
- USA
- (Daniel Shea)
- Phone: (802) 895 4173
-
- Vermonters for Pot Peace
- PO Box 237
- Underhill, VT 05489
- USA
-
- Virginia B.A.C.H.
- Route 1, Box 2142
- Crewe, VA 23930
- USA
- Phone: (804) 645 1038
- (Lennice Werth)
-
- Virginia Hemp Initiative
- PO Box 4392
- Danville, VA 24540-0107
- USA
-
- VPI and SU NORML
- PO Box 654
- Blacksburg, VA 24063
- USA
- Phone: (703) 951 2013
- (Susan Anderson)
-
- Washington Citizens for Drug Policy Reform
- P.O. Box 1614,
- Renton, WA 98057
- USA
- Phone: (206) 622 1456
- Fax: (206) 682 9937
- Email: 3281350@mcimail.com
- Notes: Executive Director - Hal Nelson; Attorney - Jeff Steinborn;
- Business Manager - Tom Cluck; Technical Director - Gerald X. Diamond.
- Last Contacted: December 1992
-
- Washington Coalition for a Reform of Marijuana Laws
- PO Box 1731
- Woodenville, WA 98072
- USA
- Phone: (206) 622 5117
- (Jeffery Steinborn)
-
- Western Colorado Freedom Fight
- 1039 Chipeta 3
- Grand Junction, CO 81501
- USA
-
- West Virginia HEMP Inc.
- 700 Kanawha Dr.
- Sutton, WV 26601
- USA
- Phone: (304) 765 7444
- (Roger Belknap)
-
- William Patterson College NORML
- 300 Pompton Road
- Student Government Association Office
- Wayne, NJ 07470
- USA
- Phone: (201) 473 2452
- (Darrin Feder)
-
- WI NORML
- PO Box 3481
- Madison, WI 53703
- USA
- Phone: (608) 257 5456, (608) 257 HEMP
- Email: bmasel@igc.apc.org
-
- Wisconsin Grassroots Party
- PO Box 8373
- Madison, WI 53708
- USA
- Phone: (608) 244 4561
-
- WWU/NORML
- Viking Union Box E-9
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham, WA 98225
- USA
- Phone: (206) 671 8921
- Email: norml@henson.cc.uwu.edu
-
-
- * * * * *
-
- _High Times_ is a monthly magazine produced in the US, devoted
- to psychedelic drugs and alternative culture issues. Their
- address is:
-
- c/- Trans-High Corporation
- 235 Park Avenue South
- New York
- NY 10003
- USA
-
- Phone: +1 212 387 0500
- For subscription details, call 1-800-827-0228 within the US.
-
- If you contact _High Times_, mention this posting. I'm trying
- to persuade them that it's worthwhile getting on the Net.
-
- * * * * *
-
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu alt.drumcorps:2665 news.answers:4397
- Newsgroups: alt.drumcorps,news.answers
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!linus!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!caen!batcomputer!cornell!uw-beaver!dci
- From: dci@cs.washington.edu (Donald Chinn)
- Subject: alt.drumcorps Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Message-ID: <1992Dec3.224239.28726@beaver.cs.washington.edu>
- Followup-To: alt.drumcorps
- Summary: this post contains: what drum corps is; addresses
- and phone numbers for corps, associations, and publications;
- info on the current season; and how to join a corps
- Sender: news@beaver.cs.washington.edu (USENET News System)
- Organization: Computer Science & Engineering, U. of Washington, Seattle
- Date: Thu, 3 Dec 92 22:42:39 GMT
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Lines: 813
-
- Archive-name: drumcorps-faq
-
-
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for alt.drumcorps
- (Last updated 12/3/92)
-
- Table of Contents:
-
- 1.0 General information (what is drum corps, rules, travel, costs, etc.)
- 2.0 Corps addresses and drum corps publications
- 2.1 Current active corps
- 2.1.1 Junior corps
- 2.1.2 Senior corps
- 2.2 Drum corps associations
- 2.3 Drum corps publications
- 2.4 Audio and Video
- 3.0 Information specific to the current season
- 3.1 Corps repertoires
- 3.2 The DCI Tour
- 3.3 Last Season's Finals Scores
- 4.0 How to join a corps
- 5.0 Percussion notation
-
-
- FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) for alt.drumcorps
-
- 1.0 General Information Donald Chinn
-
- 1.1 What is drum corps?
- Drum corps is an abbreviation for drum and bugle corps. During
- the competitive season, corps from all across the US and Canada
- perform to crowds of up to 35,000.
- The closest kind of group to a drum corps that is not a drum corps
- is the marching band, but the performance levels of the top drum corps
- is in general higher than top marching bands.
-
- The music. Drum corps do NOT play Sousa marches or "um-pa-pa" music.
- The repertoire of modern drum corps consists of classical, jazz,
- contemporary, and symphonic literature. Broadway musicals are also
- popular. Some organizations tend to play a single kind of music. For
- example, the Concord Blue Devils tend to play jazz each year, while
- the Phantom Regiment plays classical music each year.
- Gone are the days of sitting on the 50 yardline playing the theme
- from Rocky and Stars and Stripes Forever (which used to be common in
- both drum corps and marching bands).
- The music is arranged by professionals. The brass and percussion
- instructors are among the best in the country. There are even college
- music professors involved in the activity.
-
- The drill. Drills are also designed by professional artists and
- choreographers. Smooth curves during delicate passages and sharp
- angles during aggressive passages accent the presentation of the
- music. Color and dance also add to the interpretation of the music.
- The drill and the music are integrated into a whole (unlike many field
- shows one sees at a typical halftime show) in a constantly moving
- show.
-
- There are three sections of a drum corps: the brass, the percussion,
- and the color guard. See later questions for descriptions for what
- are allowed in the brass and percussion sections. The color guard (a
- misnomer in today's performances) is the group of performers who
- handle the flags and other props that visually enhance the
- performance. They typically do quite a bit of dancing and equipment
- work.
-
- Forget about any experiences you've had with high school and college
- marching bands. Drum corps is a completely different animal, and any
- music-lover ought to consider seeing a show towards the end of the
- season.
-
- Usage note: "drum corps" (singular) can refer to a particular drum corps
- (e.g. "I haven't seen a drum corps in years.") or it can refer to the
- entire activity (e.g. "The future of drum corps looks promising."). It
- also can be used as an adjective (e.g. "I'm going to the next drum corps
- show in the area."). The plural "drum corps" only refers to greater than
- one drum corps.
-
- 1.2 How do you pronounce the word "corps"? How do you spell and pronounce
- its plural?
-
- "Corps" is pronounced like KOR (like the word "core"). The plural of
- "corps" is spelled "corps", but is pronounced KORZ. The most frequent
- error in spelling "corps" is to leave off the 's'.
-
- 1.3 What is DCI?
- DCI stands for Drum Corps International. DCI is the governing
- organization that oversees the competitive drum corps activity (I hate
- to use the analogy to sports, but DCI is roughly analogous to the NCAA
- for college athletics). DCI was organized in 1972 as a reaction to
- the "harsh" way the VFW (Veterans of Foreign War) and AL (American
- Legion) were governing the activity.
-
- 1.4 Are there any limits as to how many people can perform on the
- field?
- Yes, but this number depends on the Class that your corps competes
- in. The so-called Open Class corps may field up to 128 performers
- (including the drum majors). This number comes from the fact that
- when the rule was devised, this was the average number of people that
- could fit on three buses. The idea was to minimize the travelling
- costs for the corps.
- Class A (now called Division II) corps may field up to 90 people
- and Class A-60 (now called Division III) corps may field up to 60
- members.
- These are the formal differences between the classes of drum
- corps, but in reality the Open Class corps tend to be the ones that
- attract the better instructors, go on longer tours, and generally
- perform better, while the Division II and III corps tend to be more
- oriented towards being a youth activity. Note that these are
- generalities so that any particular corps could be anywhere in the
- spectrum of youth activity or innovators in performance art.
-
- 1.5 What are the budgets of the corps?
- Typical numbers for an Open Class corps are $250,000 to $500,000
- per year. This amount largely depends on how far they travel during
- the season, how expensive the props and uniforms are for the year, and
- what kind of staff they hire.
- Division II and III corps spend much less than these amount
- (probably much less than $100,000) because they tend to travel only
- locally or for shorter periods of time. Also, because they are
- smaller, the cost to produce a show is smaller.
-
- 1.6 Where do corps get the money?
- Since drum corps are not associated with any school (typically
- they are non-profit corporations), they must do their own
- fund-raising.
- Fund-raising activities include all sorts of events. The
- Bluecoats from Canton, OH, for example, hold a mini-car race in
- downtown Canton which raises all sorts of money (as well as
- publicizing the corps name).
- Funds also come from corps membership fees, as they are called.
- Fees can range between $200-$500 depending on the corps (if you
- calculate that out, that could be as much as $50,000).
- The Blue Devils from Concord, CA, take in about 70% of their $1.5
- million operating funds from bingo (the $1.5 million goes to 7
- different performing groups in the Blue Devils organization).
- Prize money is another source of income. The top corps get
- something like $2500 per performance, which adds up to about $75,000
- total in a season. Many corps sponsor their own shows, which raises
- some more money.
- Donations and boosters also contribute to the money needed.
-
- Finally, some corps are partially or fully corporate sponsored.
- The Star of Indiana from Bloomington, IN, is fully funded by the Cook
- Groups, Inc. The Cadets of Bergen County from Hackensack, NJ, are
- partially funded by Emerson Electric. Circle K sponsored the Suncoast
- Sound in 1986.
-
- 1.7 How far do the corps travel? How many competitions? How long is
- the season? When are the Championships?
- A typical Open Class corps travels somewhere between 10,000 and
- 15,000 miles during the season, performing in 25 to 35 shows in an
- eight or nine week period. The season usually begins in the second
- week in June (the eastern corps tend to start a little later) and
- culminates in the DCI World Championships, which are always held on
- the third Saturday in August.
-
- 1.8 How can I catch the Championships on TV?
- PBS usually broadcasts the tape that DCI makes of the
- Championships (actually, DCI produces two tapes: one of the live show
- and a highlights film). Each PBS station has the option not to
- broadcast it for whatever reason (too much already scheduled, not
- enough interest, etc.). Some stations broadcast it live (on the
- Saturday of the Championships), while other stations save the tape and
- broadcast it whenever it is convenient. If your local station does
- not broadcast it, call them up or write them a letter. It has been my
- experience that PBS listens to its viewers (especially those who
- subscribe). As an example, the PBS station in Seattle did not
- broadcast the Championships, but got so many calls in August and
- September that they showed it in October.
-
- 1.9 How does the scoring work?
-
- The current judging system has nine judges, each responsible for a
- particular aspect of the show. Each caption (as they are called) has
- a certain number of points allotted to it. The sum of the nine
- judges' scores determines the overall score of the performance. There
- are three captions for each of Brass, Percussion, and Visual. The
- point breakdown is as follows:
-
- Brass Percussion Visual
- Field 10 10 10
- Ensemble 10 10 10
- General Effect 15 10 15
-
- The Field Brass and Field Percussion judges are the judges that are on
- the field during a performance and are primarily looking at individual
- technique and execution of the book. They are the judges who nit-pick
- at things such as overblowing, non-uniform sticking, bad releases, etc.
-
- The Field Visual judge watches the execution of the color guard and
- the marching of the brass and percussion performers. Spacing,
- uniformity, and execution are what this judges looks for.
-
- The Ensemble Brass and Percussion judges sit up in the press box.
- They are responsible for judging how each area (Brass or Percussion,
- respectively) performs technically as an ensemble. Musicality,
- intonation, dynamics, sonority, etc. are the things these judges look
- for.
-
- The Ensemble Visual judge tries to assess the ability of the entire
- corps to effectively present visual ideas.
-
- The General Effect judges assess the overall effectiveness of each
- area in the final product. This is where entertainment and "special
- effects" play a big role. It is also an area where the design of the
- show itself is being evaluated. Why was this picture presented after
- this music statement? What is the effect of having the percussion
- feature and its mood following the ballad with its mood? These are
- the kinds of questions that are raised and the kinds of things that
- are assessed by the General Effect (GE) judges.
-
-
- 1.10 What is a legal bugle?
- For competitive purposes (i.e. at DCI competitions), a bugle is
- defined as follows: "By the word `bugle' as used herein is meant a
- straight bell-front brass instrument pitched in the key of G. All
- instruments shall have no more than three (3) valves except for the
- contrabass bugle, which may have four (4)."
- This is quoted from Drum Corps World (January, 1990) which quotes
- the rule book (Rule 4.3.1). This rule was passed at the 1989 DCI
- Rules Congress. The rule used to say exactly the same thing, except
- that all instruments (even contrabasses) could have only two (2)
- valves.
- There is an interesting history to what was allowed on the field.
- At first only valveless bugles were allowed. Then one-valved,
- piston-rotor, and then two-valved were allowed, in that order. In
- fact, there used to be only soprano bugles until the baritone bugle,
- mellophone bugle, French horn bugle, and the contrabass were invented.
-
- 1.11 What kind of percussion is allowed?
- Rule 4.1.1: "All acoustic percussion membrane and keyboard
- instruments (those not needing electricity to generate sound) are
- legal."
- Rule 4.1.2: "Percussion keyboard instruments may use resonators.
- A self-contained motor that is battery-powered is permitted to be used
- on vibraphones only. This motor is not to be used for amplification,
- but rather to produce a vibrato effect by turning the resonator
- propellers. Electric amplification is not allowed."
-
- 1.12 What is the "pit area"?
- It is the area between the 35 yard lines on the front side line
- ten feet deep (outside the playing field, toward the audience).
- Basically, this area is an extension of the field. Any piece of
- equipment can be brought into or out of the pit area to or from the
- "normal" playing field.
- Corps typically use this area to place stationary percussion
- instruments, such as chimes, keyboard instruments, tympani, gongs,
- etc. It is also used sometimes to store color guard equipment. Some
- drill writers have used the pit area for performers to march through.
-
- 1.13 How long is each show?
- Each corps' performance is supposed to last between 10 and 11 1/2
- minutes. There is a 0.1 point penalty for each 6 seconds above or
- below these limits.
- A typical show consisting of 7 corps will last about three hours.
- Usually, the winner of the show will do an encore performance while
- standing still (i.e. not marching). These kinds of performances are known
- as standstill performances.
-
- 1.14 What are all those strange abbreviations and/or nicknames people
- keep using when writing about drum corps?
-
- It's a lot easier to use an abbreviation or nickname than to have
- to type the entire corps name every time. Here is a short table of
- abbreviations:
-
- BD = Blue Devils (Concord, CA)
- Boston = Boston Crusaders (Boston, MA)
- Cadets or Garfield = Cadets of Bergen County (Hackensack, NJ)
- (they used to be called the Garfield Cadets until 1989)
- Cavies = Cavaliers (Rosemont, IL)
- Madison or Scouts = Madison Scouts (Madison, WI)
- PR or Phantom = Phantom Regiment (Rockford/Loves Park, IL)
- SCV or Vanguard = Santa Clara Vanguard (Santa Clara, CA)
- Sky = Sky Ryders (De Soto, TX)
- Spirit = Spirit of Atlanta (Atlanta, GA)
- Star = Star of Indiana (Bloomington, IN)
- Suncoast = Suncoast Sound (Pinillas Park, FL)
- VK or Velvet = Velvet Knights (Anaheim, CA)
- 27 = the 27th Lancers (a defunct corps from Revere, MA)
-
- Other abbreviations include:
-
- contra = contrabass bugle
- bari or bary = baritone bugle
- sop = soprano bugle
- DM = drum major
- GE = general effect
-
- 1.15 Why do people keep misspelling things?
-
- Because they want to be like Dan Quayle. Seriously though, here
- is a small set of things people commonly misspell.
-
- Bluecoats (the corps from Canton, OH)
- Sky Ryders (the corps from DeSoto, TX)
- drum corps (TWO words)
- corps (singular, pronounced "CORE")
- corps (plural, pronounced "CORZ")
- corps' (possessive, pronounced "CORZ")
-
- There is no such word 'corp'.
-
- 1.16 What corps have won the DCI World Championships and in what years?
-
- 1972 Anaheim Kingsmen (Anaheim, CA)
- 1973-74 Santa Clara Vanguard (Santa Clara, CA)
- 1975 Madison Scouts (Madison, WI)
- 1976-77 Blue Devils (Concord, CA)
- 1978 Santa Clara Vanguard
- 1979-80 Blue Devils
- 1981 Santa Clara Vanguard
- 1982 Blue Devils
- 1983-85 Garfield Cadets (Garfield, NJ)
- 1986 Blue Devils
- 1987 Garfield Cadets
- 1988 Madison Scouts
- 1989 Santa Clara Vanguard
- 1990 Cadets of Bergen County (formerly Garfield Cadets)
- (Hackensack, NJ)
- 1991 Star of Indiana (Bloomington, IN)
- 1992 Cavaliers (Rosemont, IL)
-
-
- 2.0 Corps addresses and drum corps publications compiled by Michael Fath
-
- 2.1 Current active corps
-
- 2.1.1 Junior corps (from 1991 Finals Program and DCW)
-
- Academie Musicale, 3086 Galt Ouest, Sherbrooke, PQ Canada JIK IM2
- 819-820-0452
-
- Black Gold, P.O. Box 54283, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74155
- 918-838-9700
-
- Blue Devils, P.O. Box 21516, 4065 Nelson Ave., Concord, CA 94521
- 510-689-2918
-
- Blue Knights, P.O. Box 100789, Denver, CO 80250
- 303-730-1919
-
- Bluecoats, 7570 Angel Rd., North Canton, Ohio 44720
- 216-494-5720
-
- Boston Crusaders, 235 Goddard Avenue, Brookline, MA 02146
- 617-723-8741
-
- Cadets of Bergen County, P.O. Box 8, Hackensack, NJ 07602
- 201-487-5797
-
- Cavaliers, P.O. Box 501, Rosemont, IL 60018
- 312-247-3440 or 312-763-4410
-
- Colts, P.O. Box 515, Dubuque, Iowa 52001
- 319-582-4872
-
- Crossmen, 6424 Roosevelt Ave., Pennsauken, NJ 08109
- 609-488-7128
-
- Dutch Boy, P.O. Box 842, Kitchner, Ontario Canada N2G 4C5
- 519-744-3291
-
- Freelancers, 7257 East Southgate Dr., Sacramento, CA 95823
- 916-428-4016
-
- Glassmen, 610 East Broadway, Toledo, Ohio 43605
- 419-478-4845
-
- L'Insolite, P.O. Box 332, Saint Jerome, Quebec Canada J7Z 5T9
- 514-634-9587 (inactive in 1992)
-
- Madison Scouts, P.O. Box 948, Madison, WI 53701
- 608-241-3171 (mornings)
-
- Magic, P.O. Box 690426, Orlando, FL 32869
- 407-843-2756
-
- Marauders, 1335-11th Avenue, Longview, WA 98632
- 206-425-6960
-
- Phantom Regiment, P.O. Box 6653, Rockford, IL 61125
- 815-96-CORPS
-
- Santa Clara Vanguard, 1765 Space Park Dr., Santa Clara, CA 95054
- 408-727-5534
-
- Sky Ryders, 127 S. Parks, DeSoto, TX 75115
- 214-223-1883
-
- Spirit of Atlanta, 620 Peachtree St, NE #904, Atlanta, GA 30308
- 404-875-8715
-
- Star of Indiana, P.O. Box 264, Bloomington, IN 47402
- 812-876-4903
-
- Troopers, P.O. Box 375, Casper, Wyoming 82602
- 307-234-7005 or 307-472-2141
-
- Velvet Knights, 1235 S. Knott Ave., Anahiem, CA 92804
- 714-761-2679
-
- Ventures, 135 Ottawa St., South Kitchener, ONT Canada N2G 3T1
- 519-896-0055
- ---
-
- Blue Stars, P.O. Box 2523, LaCrosse, WI 56602-2523
- 608-782-3219
-
- Kiwanis Kavaliers, P.O. Box 1881, Station C, Kitchener, ONT
- Canada N2G 4R3
- 519-740-3893
-
- Mandarins, P.O. Box 22297, Sacramento, CA 95822
- 916-395-8310
-
- Americanos, 1615 Drum Corps Drive, Menasha, WI 54952
- 414-772-5543
-
- Railmen, P.O. Box 27105, Ralston, NE 68127
- 402-292-7421
-
- Northern Aurora, 6730 Bay Road, Saginaw, MI 48604
- 517-791-4431
-
- The Knights, 6915 E. 74th Ave., Milan, IL 61264
- 309-799-3767
-
- Southwind, P.O. Box 2361, Montgomery, AL 36102
- 205-272-1234
-
- Springfield Ambassadors, P.O. Box 8102, Springfield, MA 01138
- 413-737-2234
-
- Fajardo, 17 Prospect Ave., Dumont, NJ 13208
- 201-592-3920
-
- Sound of Long Island
- 516-731-0595
-
- Royal Columbian, P.O. Box 797, Chicopee, MA 01021
- 413-539-6883
-
- Limited Edition, P.O. Box 16220, Columbus, Ohio 43216
- 614-755-4941
-
- Capitolaires
- 608-221-3350
-
- Carolina Crown, 5018 Park Road #244, Charlotte, NC 28209
-
- Mountain Magic, 615 N. 10th St., Huntington, WV 26701
- 304-523-8627
-
- Patriots
- 708-748-6226
-
- Royalaires, P.O. Box 1322, Guelph, Ontario Canada H1H 6N8
- 519-658-2157
-
- Royal Brigade, 3063 Holderhill Lane, Salt Lake City, Utah 84118
- 801-965-9124
-
-
- 2.1.2 Senior corps
-
- in progress
-
- 2.2 Drum corps associations
-
- DCA - Drum Corps Associates
- Michael Petrone, 10 Columbus Drive, Monmouth Beach, NJ 07750
- 908-222-3835
-
- DCD - Drum Corps Deutschland
- Thomas Rohr, Faselwiese 5, 6700 Ludwigshafen/Rh., Germany
- 0621-664010
-
- DCE - Drum Corps East
- Anthony DiCarlo, 246 West Street, South Weymouth, MA 02188
- 617-331-9500
-
- DCH - Drum Corps Holland
- Jos Brusse, Farenheitlaan 29, 1222 LM, Lilversum, Netherlands
- 011-31-78-164512
-
- DCI - Drum Corps International
- Julie Hoffman, P.O. Box 548, Lombard, IL 60148
- 708-495-9866
-
- DCM - Drum Corps Midwest
- Roman Blenski, 4601 West Holt Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53220
- 414-327-2847
-
- DCNY - Drum Corps New York
- Carl Pynn, P.O. Box 22, Wampsville, NY 13163
- 315-363-8889/313-363-1230
-
- DCUK - Drum Corps United Kingdom
- John Garton c/o The Oliver Hind Club, Edale Road, Sneinton Dale,
- Nottingham, England NG2 4HT
- 011-44-602-483200
-
- DCW - Drum Corps West
- Tom Hope, 372 Florin Road Suite #303, Sacramento, CA 95832
- 916-429-9545
-
- DCWI - Drum Corps West Indies
- Junior Ricketts, 375 Pine Street, Brooklyn, NY 11208
- 718-235-0716
-
- E-Mass - Eastern Massachusetts
- Elaine Blinn, 18 Jef Road, Billerica, MA 02821
- 508-667-2443
-
- FAMQ - Federation des Association Musicales du Quebec
- Carol Plante, P.O. Box 1000, Succursale M, Montreal, Quebec,
- Canada
- 514-252-3025
-
- GSC - Garden State Circuit
- Carmen Cirlincione, 249 Crystal Street, North Arlington, NJ
- 07032
- 201-998-4222
-
- IAA - Illinois All-American
- Aurelia Kmiec, 4622 North Kostner Avenue, Chicago, IL 60630
- 708-725-8235
-
- ODCA - Ontario Drum Corps Association
- Lynne Sosnowski, 258 King Street North Suite 12-J, Waterloo,
- Ontario, Canada N2J 2Y9
- 519-746-0042
-
- UDCA - United Drum Corps Association
- Ralph Parkhill, 523 Montauk Highway, Sayville, NY 11782
- 516-589-5047
-
- 2.3 Drum Corps Publications
-
- DCI Today
- P.O. Box 548, Lombard, IL 60148-0548
- 1-800-344-2772 or 708-495-9866
- Six bi-monthly issues
- 1st class - $12.00/yr
- 4th class bulk rate - $6.00 (lifetime subscr. - delivery not guaranteed)
-
- Drum Corps World
- P.O. Box 8052, Madison, WI 53708-8052
- 1-800-554-9630
- 20 issues per year
- 1st class - $60.00/yr
- 2nd class - $42.00/yr
-
-
- 2.4 Audio and Video
-
- 2.4.1 DCI Audio and Video
-
- DCI sells cassettes and CD's of recent Championship years. For the
- cassettes, you can order the top 12 corps' performances (3 tapes)
- or the top 24 corps (6 tapes). The CD's come in either the 2-disc
- version (top 14 corps) or the 3-disc version (top 21 corps). The
- 3-disc CD set costs about $50. You can order through the address
- and phone no. for DCI above.
-
- Individual corps also have recordings of their own corps. The Blue Devils,
- Santa Clara Vanguard, and Cadets of Bergen County have recordings in one
- form or another. They may be other corps that do this as well.
-
- 800 Video Express is the company that sells videos of all previous
- championship performances. Any particular years' championship program
- (top 12 corps) costs $98, and they have all years of DCI. They have
- other packages, such as a set of tapes that only has performances
- of the Blue Devils for the past 17 years (substitute "Blue Devils"
- for your favorite corps). For a complete catalog, contact 800 Video
- Express.
-
- The address of 800 Video Express will be provided the next time this
- FAQ is posted. [I lied ... if anyone has it handy, send it along to
- me.]
-
- 2.4.2 Future Corps
-
- Future Corps is an 11-person drum corps (8 brass, 3 percussion) that
- performs at Epcot Center. They have a CD out, featuring all sorts
- of drum corps "favorites".
-
- Future corps CD can be gotten by sending a check or money order for $16.95
- (postage included) to:
- Encorps Productions, 1405 Enterprise Road, Deltona, FL 32725
- FL residents add $1.02 for tax
-
-
- 3.0 Information on the Current Season compiled by Michael Fath
-
- 3.1 1992 Corps Repertoires
-
- 1993 corps repertoires are not all set yet. When a semi-complete
- list is compiled, it will appear here.
-
-
- 3.2 The DCI Tour
-
- The 1993 DCI schedule has not been set yet. It usually is determined
- in April and May just before the season begins.
-
-
- 3.3 Last Season's Finals scores at DCI Finals
-
- 1992 (Madison, WI)
-
- Div. II/III finals
-
- 1. Southwind 92.9 GE, Percussion, Visual
- 2. Northern Aurora 91.9
- 3. Carolina Crown 90.5 Brass
- 4. Kiwanis Kavaliers 87.3
- 5. Spartans 84.0
-
- 1. Mandarins 90.0
- 2. Pioneer 88.7
- 3. Blue Stars 82.4
- 4. Academie Musicale 82.0
- 5. Suncoast Sound 80.2
- 6. Capitolaires 77.8
- 7. St. John's 74.6
-
- Quarterfinals (top 17 advance to Semifinals)
- (For brevity, the top 17 corps' scores have been omitted. The
- Quarterfinals, Semifinals, and Finals are three separate scores,
- so that even though a corps was 17th in the Quarterfinals, they
- might have a lower score in the Semifinals than the 18th place
- corps' score in the Quarterfinals.)
-
- 18. Dutch Boy 77.5
- 19. Troopers 76.1
- 20. Colts 75.5
- 21. Magic 74.1
- 22. Southwind 73.6
- 23. Black Gold 72.9
- 24. Northern Aurora 71.1
- 25. Carolina Crown 69.7
- 26. Mandarins 67.8
- 27. Kiwanis Kavaliers 65.4
-
- Semifinals (top 12 advance to Finals)
- (For brevity, the top 12 corps' scores have been omitted.)
-
- 13. Glassmen 83.9
- 14. Boston Crusaders 82.2
- 15. Sky Ryders 82.1
- 16. Spirit of Atlanta 78.8
- 17. Marauders 76.7
-
- Finals (in reverse order)
-
- 12. Freelancers 83.5
- 11. Blue Coats 84.6
- 10. Velvet Knights 86.6
- 9. Blue Knights 90.0
- 8. Phantom Regiment 91.5
- 7. Vanguard 91.8
- 6. Crossmen 92.2
- 5. Madison Scouts 93.7
- 4. Blue Devils 95.4 Aux.
- 3. Star of Indiana 96.7 Brass
- 2. Cadets of Bergen Co 97.0 GE
- 1. Cavaliers 97.5 Visual & Percussion
-
-
- 4.0 How to join a corps Donald Chinn
-
- My experience with drum corps has been basically as a spectator.
- However, I did march in high school marching band (so I have *some*
- appreciation for how hard the stuff that drum corps do really is :-).
-
- Anyway, here's the extent of my knowledge on how to get involved.
-
- Junior corps (Blue Devils, Phantom Regiment, etc.) march people who
- are 21 or younger. A person "ages out" of corps when they become 22.
- You can legally march at the DCI Championships if you do not turn 22
- before the day of the performance.
-
- If you are 22 or older, then your only chance to play in a drum corps
- (legally) is to join a senior drum corps. Senior drum corps are
- governed by DCA (Drum Corps Associates).
-
- If you are still under 22, then the typical way to get involved in
- drum corps is to contact a drum corps directly. So the big decision
- is: "Which drum corps should I join?" It depends. If you want to
- have a reasonable chance at winning the championships, then joining
- the Blue Devils, Santa Clara Vanguard, Cadets of Bergen County,
- Phantom Regiment, Star of Indiana, the Cavaliers, or Madison Scouts is
- the thing to do. If you want to be more involved in a smaller group
- (or less well-known), you can try some of the 13th-26th place corps,
- or even a Class A or Class A-60 corps.
-
- It seems to me, the things to consider are location, size of the
- corps, style of music, and reputation of the corps, and the chance at
- winning it all. For example, if you like jazz, then the Blue Devils
- is probably where you want to be. If you like classical, then Phantom
- is the place to be. WARNING: Tryouts for the top corps can be very
- tough, since everyone wants to be a part of a winning corps.
-
- There are basically 3 drum corps associations related to DCI that
- handle the corps in their region. These are DCE, DCM, and DCW (Drum
- Corps East, Midwest, and West, respectively). To find out what corps
- are in what association, you can contact the associations directly.
- See the section on "Drum corps associations" (section 2.2) for phone
- numbers.
-
- DCI's address and phone is:
- DCI
- Box 548
- Lombard, IL 60148
- (708) 495-9866
-
- There are also a slew of other smaller drum corps associations:
- Eastern Massachusetts, Drum Corps New York, etc. You can probably ask
- DCI if you want more info on them.
-
- To join a corps, call up one of the associations and find out where
- the nearest corps in your area are. Or, contact a corps directly (see
- "Current active corps", section 2.1).
-
-
- Rehearsals:
- Rehearsals usually begin in the fall (this is certainly true of
- the top corps). I suspect that when rehearsals begin largely depends
- on how much money the corps has. During the winter, rehearsals mostly
- consist of camps held on the weekends (once or twice a month in the
- fall and more frequently as winter and spring roll around). However,
- not everyone shows up to these camps, especially if they would have to
- fly 1000 miles to go to one. This is one reason to join a corps close
- to where you will be living.
- The corps you join would provide you with an instrument, probably
- with some safety deposit on it.
- Also, most corps require that you pay a fee to join the corps.
- This is to compensate for uniform cleaning, equipment, food, etc.
- This fee can be very cheap or very steep anywhere from $200 to $600).
- When summer arrives (late May, early June), then things really
- pick up. Rehearsals can last up to 10 hours a day (or more), and the
- sun beats down unmercifully. Tan lines on the feet are not uncommon.
- I hear that college students have a rough time going to school and
- doing corps. The demands placed on corps members are incredible.
- Stories of almost flunking out are frequent. However, perhaps one can
- negotiate with the corps director about showing up to rehearsals. If
- you're really good, they might be lenient. Otherwise, there's no
- reason for them to save a spot for you with 10 other people who *can*
- go to rehearsals wanting to get in. I'm not sure when the corps gets
- cut down to size.
-
-
- Touring:
- Corps travel thousands of miles each summer, and the bus rides can
- be as long as 12 hours. Usually, you roll into some town at 1am and
- sleep in their high school gym for 8 hours or so (you bring a sleeping
- bag!). Food is usually prepared by volunteers for the corps. Then
- you rehearse in the day, do a show (or do laundry), and the cycle
- repeats. There are numerous parties, as well.
-
-
- 5.0 Percussion notation used in alt.drumcorps Contributed by Mike Hughes
-
- The following (I believe) is the final version of the rythymic notation
- scheme developed by percussionists who contribute to alt.drumcorps. The
- notation scheme incorporates different rudiments and techniques utilized
- in modern drum and bugle corps.
-
- A key to the notation is as follows:
-
- . = single stroke tap
- , = flam
- ; = cherta (flam + drag)
- > = accent
- ^ = rimshot
- : = double stroke, or bounce stroke as used in open rolls
- z = buzz or press stroke as used in buzz rolls
- _ = rest (value depending on the pulse of the figure)
- | = barline
-
- Meter shall be indicated by common musical metric symbols, e.g., 3/4
- indicating 3 beats in a bar, quarter note gets the beat. Unless
- otherwise indicated, the pulse of a figure is assumed to be 16th note
- pulse for any quarter note-based meter (i.e., x/4), 8th notes for any
- eighth noted based meter (i.e., x/8), etc. Variations from the standard
- pulse, such as triplet or sextuplet figures, shall be indicated by
- -3- or ---6---, etc. Spaces may be used to separate beats to enhance
- the readability of the music.
-
- Dynamics shall be indicated by the usual pp, mf, ff, etc., as well as
- cresc. and dim. to indicate crescendos and decrescendos. <<<<<<<<< and
- >>>>>>> may also be used.
-
- Sticking may be indicated under the note/rest notation using R and L.
-
-
- The following example illustrates the system using an excerpt from the
- *Channel One Suite* drum solo as played by the 1986 Blue Devils:
-
- > > > > > ---6--- ---6--- ---6---
- |4 zzzz zzzz zzzz zzzz |2 zzzz zz._ |3 ... ... ... ... ... ... |4
- |4 |4 |4 |4
- pp cresc<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
-
-
- > > > > > > > > > > > >
- |4 ,.., ...: :._. ,_,_ | ,.., ...: :.:: ._,_ |
- |4 R L L | R L R |
-
- <<<ff
-
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu misc.consumers.house:40799 rec.woodworking:17392 news.answers:4694
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!xn.ll.mit.edu!ames!olivea!uunet!uunet.ca!ecicrl!clewis
- From: clewis@ferret.ocunix.on.ca (Chris Lewis)
- Newsgroups: misc.consumers.house,rec.woodworking,news.answers
- Subject: Electrical Wiring FAQ
- Summary: A series of questions and answers about house wiring
- Message-ID: <wirefaq_724656078@ecicrl>
- Date: 18 Dec 92 05:21:34 GMT
- Expires: 15 Jan 93 05:21:18 GMT
- Reply-To: wirefaq@ferret.ocunix.on.ca (Wiring FAQ commentary reception)
- Followup-To: poster
- Organization: Elegant Communications Inc., Ottawa, Canada
- Lines: 1504
- Approved: news-answers-request@mit.edu
- Supersedes: <wirefaq_723446475@ecicrl>
-
- Archive-name: electrical-wiring
- Last-modified: Wed Dec 9 03:16:27 EST 1992
-
- Frequently Asked Questions on Electrical Wiring
-
- Steven Bellovin (smb@ulysses.att.com)
- Chris Lewis (clewis@ferret.ocunix.on.ca)
-
- Comments to (automatic if you reply to this article):
- wirefaq@ferret.ocunix.on.ca
-
- This FAQ is formatted as a digest. Most news readers can
- skip from one question to the next by pressing ^G.
-
- Answers to many other topics related to houses can be obtained from
- the misc.consumers.house archive; send an empty piece of mail to
- house-archive@dg-rtp.dg.com for information.
-
- Changes to previous issue marked with "|" in left column. Watch
- particularly for "NEW" in the Questions list for new or substantively
- changed answers.
-
- Note that this is now a registered FAQ - cross-posted to news.answers
- and should appear in the FAQ list of lists.
-
- Subject: Questions answered in this FAQ
-
- Introduction/Disclaimers
- What is the NEC? Where can I get a copy?
- What is the CEC? Where can I get a copy?
- | Can I do my own wiring? Extra pointers?
- What do I need in the way of tools?
- What is UL listing?
- What is CSA approval?
- Are there any cheaper, easier to read books on wiring?
- Inspections how and what? Why should I get my wiring inspected?
- My house doesn't meet some of these rules and regulations.
- | A word on voltages: 110/115/117/120/125/220/240 (NEW)
- What does an electrical service look like?
- What is a circuit?
- "grounding" versus "grounded" versus "neutral".
- What does a fuse or breaker do? What are the differences?
- Breakers? Can't I use fuses?
- What size wire should I use?
- Where do these numbers come from?
- What does "14-2" mean?
- What is a "wirenut"/"marrette"/"marr connector". How are they used?
- What is a GFI/GFCI?
- Where should GFCIs be used?
- Where shouldn't I use a GFCI?
- What is the difference between a GFCI outlet and a GFCI breaker?
- What's the purpose of the ground prong on an outlet, then?
- Why is one prong wider than the other? Polarization
- What kind of outlets do I need in a kitchen?
- Where must outlets and switches be in bathrooms?
- What is Romex/NM/NMD? What is BX? When should I use each?
- Should I use plastic or metal boxes?
- Junction box positioning?
- Can I install a replacement fixture?
- What does it mean when the lights brighten when a motor starts?
- What is 3 phase power? Should I use it? Can I get it in my house?
- Is it better to run motors at 110 or 220?
- What is this nonsense about 3HP on 110V 15A circuits?
- How do I convert two prong receptacles to three prong?
- Are you sure about GFCIs and ungrounded outlets?
- Should the test button work?
- How should I wire my shop?
- Underground wiring
- Aluminum wiring
- I'm buying a house! What should I do?
- What is this weird stuff? Old style wiring
- Where do I buy stuff?
-
-
- Subject: Introduction/Disclaimers
-
- Although we've done a fair bit of wiring, we are not
- electricians, and we cannot be responsible for what you do. If
- you're at all uncertain about what is correct or safe, *don't
- do it*. Contact someone qualified -- a licensed electrician,
- or your local electrical inspector. Electricity is no joke;
- mistakes can result in shocks, fires, or electrocution.
-
- Furthermore, our discussion is based on the U.S. National
- Electrical Code (NEC) and the Canadian Electrical code (CEC).
- To the best of our abilities, we have confirmed every detail
- with the electrical code, but we don't quote sections
- simply to keep this thing readable. If you think we're wrong,
- we invite you to correct us, but please - quote references!
-
- The NEC and the CEC do not, in and of themselves, have the
- force of law. Many municipalities adopt it en toto. Others,
- however, do not. Check your with your local building
- department (and <provincial> Hydro Inspection Offices in
- Canada) to find out what applies in your area. Also,
- your local electrical utility may also have special requirements
- for electrical service installation. Bear in mind, too, that
- we say here applies primarily to ordinary single-family
- residences. Multi-family dwellings, mobile homes, commercial
- establishments, etc., are sometimes governed by different
- rules.
-
- Also note that, contrary to popular belief in the U.S. (and in
- some parts of Canada), Canada is not a wholly-owned subsidiary
- of the U.S. Consequently, the NEC does not apply in Canada.
- Lots of things are the same, including voltages, line
- frequencies, and the laws of physics. But there are a number
- of crucial differences in the regulations. Where we can, we've
- noted them, flagging the relevant passages with ``NEC'' or
- ``CEC''.
-
- Remember that the CEC and NEC are minimal standards. It is often
- smart to go beyond their minimal requirements.
-
- Subject: What is the NEC? Where can I get a copy?
-
- The NEC is a model electrical code devised and published by the
- National Fire Protection Association, an insurance industry group.
- It's revised every three years. The 1993 version will be
- released in September, 1992. You can buy a copy at a decent
- bookstore, or by calling them directly at 800-344-3555. The
- code exists in several versions. There's the full text, which
- is fairly incomprehensible. There's an abridged edition, which
- has only the sections likely to apply to most houses. And
- there's the NEC Handbook, which contains the ``authorized
- commentary'' on the code, as well as the full text. That's the
- recommended version. Unfortunately, there's no handbook for
- the abridged edition. And the full handbook is expensive --
- US$65 plus shipping and handling.
-
- Subject: What is the CEC? Where can I get a copy?
-
- The Canadian Standards Association is an organization made up
- of various government agencies, power utilities, insurance
- companies, electrical manufacturers and other organizations.
- The CSA publishes CSA Standard C22.1 which is updated every two
- or three years. Each province adopts, with some amendments,
- this standard and publishes a province-specific code book.
- Since each province publishes its own slightly modified
- standard, it would be somewhat confusing to obtain the CSA
- standard itself. In this FAQ, "CEC" really means the
- appropriate provincial standard. In particular, this FAQ is
- derived from the Ontario Hydro Electrical Safety Code, 20th
- edition (1990). Which is in turn based on CSA C22.1-1990 (16th
- edition). While differences exist between the provinces, an
- attempt has been made to avoid specific-to-Ontario detail.
-
- The appropriate provincial code can be obtained from electrical
- inspection offices of your provincial power authority. In
- Ontario, it's Ontario Hydro. The Ontario Hydro book isn't
- overly fat. It's about C$25, and includes mailed updates. I
- hear that these standards are somewhat easier to read than the
- equivalent NEC publications.
-
- Don't bother asking in Quebec - DIY wiring is banned throughout
- the province.
-
- Subject: Can I do my own wiring? Extra pointers?
-
- In most places, homeowners are allowed to do their own wiring.
- In some, they're not. Check with your local electrical
- inspector. Most places won't permit you to do wiring on other's
- homes for money without a license. Nor are you permitted to do
- wiring in "commercial" buildings. Multiple dwellings (eg: duplexes)
- are usually considered "semi-commercial" or "commercial". However,
- many jurisdictions will permit you to work on semi-commercial
- wiring if you're supervised by a licensed electrician - if you can
- find one willing to supervise.
-
- If you do your own wiring, an important point:
-
- Do it NEAT and WELL! What you really want to aim for is a better
- job than an electrician will do. After all, it's your own home,
- and it's you or your family that might get killed if you make
- a mistake. An electrician has time pressures, has the skills
- and knows the tricks of the trade to do a fast, safe job.
- In this FAQ we've consciously given a few recommendations that
- are in excess of code, because we feel that it's reasonable,
- and will impress the inspector.
-
- The inspector will know that you're an amateur. You have to
- earn his trust. The best way of doing this is to spend your
- time doing as neat a job as possible. Don't cut corners.
- Exceed specifications. Otherwise, the inspector may get extremely
- picky and fault you on the slightest transgressions.
-
- Don't try to hide anything from the inspector.
-
- Use the proper tools. Ie: don't use a bread knife to strip
- wires, or twist wires with your fingers. The inspector
- won't like it, and the results won't be that safe. And it
- takes longer. And you're more likely to stick a hunk of
- 12ga wire through your hand that way.
-
- Don't handle house wire when it's very cold (eg: below -10C
- or 16F). Thermoplastic house wire, particularly older types
- become very brittle.
-
- Subject: What do I need in the way of tools?
-
- First, there's the obvious -- a hammer, a drill, a few
- screwdrivers, both straight and Phillips-head. If you're
- lucky enough to live in Canada (or find a source of CSA-approved
- devices) you need Robertson ("square recess") screwdrivers
- (#1 and #2) instead of phillips.
-
- For drilling a few holes, a 3/4" or 1" spade bit and 1/4" or
- 3/8" electric drill will do. If you're doing a lot, or
- are working with elderly lumber, we recommend a 1/2" drill
- (right-angle drills are wonderful. Can be rented) and
- 3/4" or 1" screw-point auger drill bits. These bits pull
- you through, so they're much faster and less fatiguing, even
- in 90 year old hardwood timbers.
-
- Screw-driver bits are useful for drills, expecially if you
- install your electrical boxes using screws (drywall screws
- work well).
-
- For stripping wire, use a real wire stripper, not a knife or
- ordinary wire cutters. Don't buy the $3 K-mart "combo stripper,
- crimper and bottle opener" types. You should expect to pay
- $15 to $20 for a good "plier-type" pair. It will have sized
- stripping holes, and won't nick or grab the wire - it should
- be easy to strip wire with it. One model has a small hole in the
- blade for forming exact wire loops for screw terminals. There
- are fancier types (autostrip/cut), but they generally aren't
- necessary, and pros usually don't use them.
-
- A pair of diagonal side cutter pliers are useful for clipping ends
- in constricted places. Don't use these for stripping wire.
-
- You will need linesman pliers for twisting wires for wire nuts.
-
- You should have a pair of needle-nose pliers for fiddling
- inside boxes and closing loops, but it's better to form wire
- loops with a "loop former hole" on your wire stripper - more
- accurate.
-
- If you're using non-metallic cable, get a cable stripper for
- removing the sheath. Or, do what some pros do, they nick the
- end of the sheath, grab the ground wire with a pair of pliers,
- and simply rip the sheath back using the ground wire as a
- "zipper", and cut the sheath off. You shouldn't try to strip
- the sheath with a knife point, because it's too easy to
- slash the insulation on the conductors.
-
- For any substantial amount of work with armored cable, it's well
- worth your while to invest in a rotary cable splitter (~US$ 18).
- Hack saws are tricky to use without cutting into the wire
- or the insulation.
-
- Three-prong outlet testers are a quick check for properly-wired
- outlets. About $6. Multimeters tell you more, but are a lot more
- expensive, and probably not worth it for most people. A simple
- voltage sensor, which can detect potential through an insulated
- wire not supplying any devices, is extremely helpful; they cost
- about US$ 10 at Radio Shack.
-
- You should have a voltage detector - to check that the wires are
- dead before doing work on them. Neon-bulb version are cheap ($2-3)
- and work well. If you get more serious, a "audible alarm" type is
- good for tracing circuits without a helper. (Though I've been known
- to lock the drill on, and hit breakers until the scream stops ;-)
-
- For running wires through existing walls, you need fish tape.
- Often, two tapes are needed, though sometimes, a bent hanger or
- a length of thin chain will suffice. Fish tapes can be rented.
-
- Electrical tape. Lots of it ;-) Seriously, a good and competent
- wiring job will need very little tape. The tape is useful for
- wrapping dicy insulation in repair work. Another use is to wrap
- around the body of outlets and switches to cover the termination
- screws - I don't do this, but drywall contractors prefer it (to
- prevent explosions when the drywall knife collides with a live outlet
- that has no cover plate).
-
- Subject: What is UL listing?
-
- The UL stands for "Underwriters Laboratory", which is a
- insurance industry organization that tests electrical
- components and equipment for potential hazards. When something
- is UL-listed, that means that the UL has tested the device,
- and it meets their requirements for safety - ie: fire or shock
- hazard. It doesn't necessarily mean that the device actually does
- what it's supposed to, just that it probably won't kill you.
-
- The UL does not have power of law in the U.S. -- you are
- permitted to buy and install non-UL-approved devices. However,
- insurance policies sometimes have clauses in them that will
- limit their liability in case of a claim made in response to
- the failure of a non-UL-approved device. Furthermore, in
- many situations the NEC will require a device ``listed'' for
- some purpose. What they mean is a device that UL has approved.
- There is thus the indirect force of law.
-
- Subject: What is CSA approval?
-
- Every electrical device or component must be certified by the
- Canadian Standards Association before it can be sold in
- Canada. Implicit in this is that all wiring must be done
- with CSA-approved materials. They perform testing similar to
- the UL (a bit more stringent), except that CSA approval is
- required by law.
-
- Again, like the UL, if a fire was caused by non-CSA-approved
- equipment, your insurance company may not have to pay the
- claim.
-
- In Canada, there is a branch organization of the UL, called ULC
- (UL of Canada). ULC does not have power of law, and seems to
- be more a liason group between the CSA and insurance
- companies.
-
- Subject: Are there any cheaper, easier to read books on wiring?
-
- USA: The following three books were suggested by our readers
-
- Residential Wiring
- by Jeff Markell,
- Craftsman Books,
- Carlsbad CA for $18.25. ISBN 0-934041-19-9.
-
- Practical Electrical Wiring
- Residential, Farm and Industrial, Based on the National
- Electrical Code ANSI/NFPA 70
- Herbert P. Richter and W. Creighton Schwan
- McGraw-Hill Book Co.
-
- Wiring Simplified
- H. P. Richter and W. C. Schwan
- Park Publishing Co.
-
- Try to make sure that the book is based on the latest NEC
- revision. Which is currently 1990.
-
- Canada: P.S. Knight authors and publishes a book called
- "Electrical Code Simplified". There appears to be a version
- published specific to each province, and is very tied into the
- appropriate provincial code. It focuses on residential wiring,
- and is indispensible for Canadian DIY'ers. It is better to get
- this book than the CEC unless you do a lot of wiring (or answer
- questions on the net ;-).
-
- It is updated each time the provincial codes are. This book is
- available at all DIY and hardware stores for less than C$10.
-
- Subject: Inspections how and what? Why should I get my wiring inspected?
-
- Most jurisdictions require that you obtain a permit and
- inspections of any wiring that is done. Amongst other more
- mundane bureaucratic reasons (like insurance companies not
- liking to have to pay claims), a permit and inspections
- provides some assurance that you, your family, your neighbors
- or subsequent owners of your home don't get killed or lose
- their homes one night due to a sloppy wiring job.
-
- Most jurisdictions have the power to order you to vacate your
- home, or order you to tear out any wiring done without a
- permit. California, for instance, is particularly nasty about
- this.
-
- If fire starts in your home, and un-inspected wiring is at
- fault, insurance companies will often refuse to pay the damage
- claims.
-
- In general, the process goes like this:
- - you apply to your local inspections office or building
- department for a permit. You should have a sketch or
- detailed drawing of what you plan on doing. This is
- a good time to ask questions on any things you're not
- sure of. If you're doing major work, they may impose
- special conditions on you, require loading
- calculations and ask other questions. At this point
- they will tell you which inspections you will need.
- - If you're installing a main panel, you will need to
- have the panel and service connections inspected
- before your power utility will provide a connection.
- This is sometimes done by the local power authority
- rather than the usual inspectors.
- - After installing the boxes and wiring, but before
- the insulation/walls go up, you will need a
- "rough-in" inspection.
- - After the walls are up, and the wiring is complete,
- you will need a "final inspection".
-
- Subject: My house doesn't meet some of these rules and regulations.
- Do I have to upgrade?
-
- In general, there is no requirement to upgrade older dwellings,
- though there are some exceptions (ie: smoke detectors in some
- cases). However, any new work must be done according to the
- latest electrical code. Also, if you do ``major'' work, you
- may be required to upgrade certain existing portions or all
- of your system. Check with your local electrical inspector.
-
- Subject: A word on voltages: 110/115/117/120/125/220/240 (NEW)
-
- One thing where things might get a bit confusing is the
- different numbers people bandy about for the voltage of
- a circuit. One person might talk about 110V, another 117V
- or another 120V. These are all, in fact, exactly the same
- thing... In North America the utility companies are required
- to supply a split-phase 240 volt (+-5%) feed to your house.
- This works out as two 120V legs. However since there are
- resistive voltage drops in the house wiring, it's not
- unreasonable to find 120V has dropped to 110V or 240V has dropped
- to 220V by the time the power reaches a wall outlet. Especially
- at the end of an extension cord or long circuit run. For a number
- of reasons, some historical, some simple personal orneryness,
- different people choose call them by slightly different numbers.
- This FAQ has chosen to be consistent with calling them "110V" and
- "220V", except when actually saying what the measured voltage will
- be. Confusing? A bit. Just ignore it.
-
- | 208V is *not* the same as 240V. 208V is the voltage between
- | phases of a 3-phase "Y" circuit that is 120V from neutral to any
- | hot. 277V is the voltage between hot and neutral of a 3-phase
- | "Y" circuit that's 480V between phases.
-
- Subject: What does an electrical service look like?
-
- There are logically four wires involved with supplying the
- main panel with power. Three of them will come from the utility
- pole, and a fourth (bare) wire comes from elsewhere.
-
- The bare wire is connected to one or more long metal bars pounded
- into the ground, or to a wire buried in the foundation, or sometimes
- to the water supply pipe (has to be metal, continuous to where
- the main water pipe entering the house. Watch out for galvanic
- action conductivity "breaks" (often between copper and iron pipe)).
- This is the "grounding conductor". It is there to make sure that
- the third prong on your outlets is connected to ground. This wire
- normally carries no current.
-
- One of the other wires will be white (or black with white or
- yellow stripes, or sometimes simply black). It is the neutral wire.
- It is connected to the "centre tap" (CEC; "center tap" in the
- NEC) of the distribution transformer supplying the power. It
- is connected to the grounding conductor in only one place (often
- inside the panel). The neutral and ground should not be connected
- anywhere else. Otherwise, weird and/or dangerous things may happen.
-
- Furthermore, there should only be one grounding system in
- a home. Some codes require more than one grounding electrode.
- These will be connected together, or connected to the neutral
- at a common point - still one grounding system. Adding additional
- grounding electrodes connected to other portions of the house
- wiring is unsafe and contrary to code.
-
- If you add a subpanel, the ground and neutral are usually
- brought as separate conductors from the main panel, and are
- not connected together in the subpanel (ie: still only one
- neutral-ground connection). However, in some situations
- (certain categories of separate buildings) you actually do
- have to provide a second grounding electrode - consult your
- inspector.
-
- The other two wires will usually be black, and are the "hot"
- wires. They are attached to the distribution transformer as
- well.
-
- The two black wires are 180 degrees out of phase with each
- other. This means if you connect something to both hot wires,
- the voltage will be 220 volts. If you connect something to the
- white and either of the two blacks you will get 110V.
-
- Some panels seem to only have three wires coming into them.
- This is either because the neutral and ground are connected
- together at a different point (eg: the meter or pole) and one
- wire is doing dual-duty as both neutral and ground, or in some
- rare occasions, the service has only one hot wire (110V only
- service).
-
- Subject: What is a circuit?
-
- Inside the panel, connections are made to the incoming wires.
- These connections are then used to supply power to selected
- portions of the home. There are three different combinations:
- 1) one hot, one neutral, and ground: 110V circuit.
- 2) two hots, no neutral, and ground: 220V circuit.
- 3) two hots, neutral, and ground: 220V circuit + neutral,
- and/or two 110V circuits with a common neutral.
-
- (1) is used for most circuits supplying receptacles and
- lighting within your house. (3) is usually used for supplying
- power to major appliances such as stoves, and dryers - they
- often have need for both 220V and 110V, or for bringing several
- circuits from the panel box to a distribution point. (2) is
- usually for special 220V motor circuits, electric heaters, or
- air conditioners.
-
- [Note: In the US, the NEC frequently permits a circuit similar
- to (2) be used for stoves and dryers - namely, that there
- are two hot wires, and a wire that does dual duty as neutral
- and ground, and is connected to the frame as well as providing
- the neutral for 110V purposes - three prong plugs instead
- of four (*only* for stoves/dryers connected to the main panel.
- When connected to most sub-panels, 4 prong plugs and receptacles
- are required). In our not-so-humble opinion this is crazy, but
- the NFPA claims that this practice was re-evaluated for the 1992 NEC,
- and found to be safe. Check your local codes, or inquire as to
- local practice -- there are restrictions on when this is
- permissible.]
-
- (1) is usually wired with three conductor wire: black for hot,
- white for neutral, and bare for grounding.
-
- (2) and (3) have one hot wire coloured red, the other black, a
- bare wire for grounding, and in (3) a white wire for neutral.
-
- You will sometimes see (2) wired with just a black, white and ground
- wire. Since the white is "hot" in this case, both the NEC and CEC
- requires that the white wire be "permanently marked" at the ends
- to indicate that it is a live wire. Usually done with paint, nail
- polish or sometimes electrical tape.
-
- Each circuit is attached to the main wires coming into the
- panel through a circuit breaker or fuse.
-
- There are, in a few locales, circuits that look like (1), (2)
- or (3) except that they have two bare ground wires. Some places
- require this for hot tubs and the like (one ground is "frame ground",
- the other attaches to the motor). This may or may not be an
- alternative to GFCI protection.
-
- Subject: "grounding" versus "grounded" versus "neutral".
-
- According to the terminology in the CEC and NEC, the
- "grounding" conductor is for the safety ground, i.e., the green
- or bare wire. The word "neutral" is reserved for the white when
- you have a circuit with more than one "hot" wire. Since the white
- wire is connected to neutral and the grounding conductor inside the
- panel, the proper term is "grounded conductor". However, the
- potential confusion between "grounded conductor" and "grounding
- conductor" can lead to potentially lethal mistakes - you should
- never use the bare wire as a "grounded conductor" or white wire
- as the "grounding conductor", even though they are connected
- together in the panel.
-
- [But not in subpanels - subpanels are fed neutral and ground
- separately from the main panel. Usually.]
-
- In the trade, and in common usage, the word "neutral" is used
- for "grounded conductor". This FAQ uses "neutral" simply to
- avoid potential confusion. We recommend that you use "neutral"
- too. Thus the white wire is always (except in some light
- switch applications) neutral. Not ground.
-
- Subject: What does a fuse or breaker do? What are the differences?
-
- Fuses and circuit breakers are designed to interrupt the power
- to a circuit when the current flow exceeds safe levels. For
- example, if your toaster shorts out, a fuse or breaker should
- "trip", protecting the wiring in the walls from melting. As
- such, fuses and breakers are primarily intended to protect the
- wiring -- UL or CSA approval supposedly indicates that the
- equipment itself won't cause a fire.
-
- Fuses contain a narrow strip of metal which is designed to melt
- (safely) when the current exceeds the rated value, thereby
- interrupting the power to the circuit. Fuses trip relatively
- fast. Which can sometimes be a problem with motors which have
- large startup current surges. For motor circuits, you can use
- a "time-delay" fuse (one brand is "fusetron") which will avoid
- tripping on momentary overloads. A fusetron looks like a
- spring-loaded fuse. A fuse can only trip once, then it must be
- replaced.
-
- Breakers are fairly complicated mechanical devices. They
- usually consist of one spring loaded contact which is latched
- into position against another contact. When the current flow
- through the device exceeds the rated value, a bimetallic strip
- heats up and bends. By bending it "trips" the latch, and the
- spring pulls the contacts apart. Circuit breakers behave
- similarly to fusetrons - that is, they tend to take longer to
- trip at moderate overloads than ordinary fuses. With high
- overloads, they trip quickly. Breakers can be reset a finite
- number of times - each time they trip, or are thrown
- when the circuit is in use, some arcing takes place, which
- damages the contacts. Thus, breakers should not be used in
- place of switches unless they are specially listed for the
- purpose.
-
- Neither fuses nor breakers "limit" the current per se. A dead
- short on a circuit can cause hundreds or sometimes even
- thousands of amperes to flow for a short period of time, which
- can often cause severe damage.
-
- Subject: Breakers? Can't I use fuses?
-
- Statistics show that fuse panels have a significantly higher
- risk of causing a fire than breaker panels. This is usually
- due to the fuse being loosely screwed in, or the contacts
- corroding and heating up over time, or the wrong size fuse
- being installed, or the proverbial "replace the fuse with a
- penny" trick.
-
- Since breakers are more permanently installed, and have better
- connection mechanisms, the risk of fire is considerably less.
-
- Fuses are prone to explode under extremely high overload. When
- a fuse explodes, the metallic vapor cloud becomes a conducting
- path. Result? from complete meltdown of the electrical panel,
- melted service wiring, through fires in the electrical
- distribution transformer and having your house burn down.
- Breakers don't do this.
-
- Many jurisdictions, particularly in Canada, no longer permit
- fuse panels in new installations. The NEC does permit new
- fuse panels in some rare circumstances (requiring the special
- inserts to "key" the fuseholder to specific size fuses)
-
- Some devices, notably certain large air conditioners, require fuse
- protection in addition to the breaker at the panel. The fuse
- is there to protect the motor windings from overload. Check the
- labeling on the unit. This is usually only on large permanently
- installed motors. The installation instructions will tell you
- if you need one.
-
- Subject: What size wire should I use?
-
- For a 20 amp circuit, use 12 gauge wire. For a 15 amp circuit,
- you can use 14 gauge wire (in most locales). For a long run,
- though, you should use the next larger size wire, to avoid
- voltage drops. 12 gauge is only slightly more expensive than
- 14 gauge, though it's stiffer and harder to work with.
-
- Here's a quick table for normal situations. Go up a size for
- more than 100 foot runs, when the cable is in conduit, or
- ganged with other wires in a place where they can't dissipate
- heat easily:
-
- Gauge Amps
- 14 15
- 12 20
- 10 30
- 8 40
- 6 65
-
- We don't list bigger sizes because it starts getting very dependent
- on the application and precise wire type.
-
- Subject: Where do these numbers come from?
-
- There are two considerations, voltage drop and heat buildup.
- The smaller the wire is, the higher the resistance is. When
- the resistance is higher, the wire heats up more, and there is
- more voltage drop in the wiring. The former is why you need
- higher-temperature insulation and/or bigger wires for use in
- conduit; the latter is why you should use larger wire for long
- runs.
-
- Neither effect is very significant over very short distances.
- There are some very specific exceptions, where use of smaller
- wire is allowed. The obvious one is the line cord on most
- lamps. Don't try this unless you're certain that your use fits
- one of those exceptions; you can never go wrong by using larger
- wire.
-
- Subject: What does "14-2" mean?
-
- This is used to describe the size and quantity of conductors
- in a cable. The first number specifies the gauge. The second
- the number of current carrying conductors in the wire - but
- remember there's usually an extra ground wire. "14-2" means
- 14 gauge, two insulated current carrying wires, plus bare ground.
-
- -2 wire usually has a black, white and bare ground wire. Sometimes
- the white is red instead for 220V circuits without neutral. In
- the latter case, the sheath is usually red too.
-
- -3 wire usually has a black, red, white and bare ground wire.
- Usually carrying 220V with neutral.
-
- Subject: What is a "wirenut"/"marrette"/"marr connector"? How are they
- used?
-
- A wire nut is a cone shaped threaded plastic thingummy that's used
- to connect wires together. "Marrette" or "Marr connector"
- are trade names. You'll usually use a lot of them in DIY wiring.
-
- In essence, you strip the end of the wires about an inch, twist them
- together, then twist the wirenut on.
-
- Though some wirenuts advertise that you don't need to twist the
- wire, do it anyways - it's more mechanically and electrically
- secure.
-
- There are many different sizes of wire nut. You should check
- that the wire nut you're using is the correct size for the
- quantity and sizes of wire you're connecting together.
-
- Don't just gimble the wires together with a pair of pliers or
- your fingers. Use a pair of blunt nose ("linesman") pliers,
- and carefully twist the wires tightly and neatly. Sometimes
- it's a good idea to trim the resulting end to make sure it
- goes in the wirenut properly.
-
- Some people wrap the "open" end of the wirenut with electrical
- tape. This is probably not a good idea - the inspector may
- tear it off during an inspection. It's usually done because
- a bit of bare wire is exposed outside the wire nut - instead
- of taping it, the connection should be redone.
-
- Subject: What is a GFI/GFCI?
-
- A GFCI is a ``ground-fault circuit interrupter''. It measures
- the current current flowing through the hot wire and the
- neutral wire. If they differ by more than a few milliamps, the
- presumption is that current is leaking to ground via some other
- path. This may be because of a short circuit to the chassis of
- an appliance, or to the ground lead, or through a person. Any
- of these situations is hazardous, so the GFCI trips, breaking
- the circuit.
-
- GFCIs do not protect against all kinds of electric shocks. If,
- for example, you simultaneously touched the hot and neutral
- leads of a circuit, and no part of you was grounded, a GFCI
- wouldn't help. All of the current that passed from the hot
- lead into you would return via the neutral lead, keeping the
- GFCI happy.
-
- The two pairs of connections on a GFCI outlet are not symmetric.
- One is labeled LOAD; the other, LINE. The incoming power feed
- *must* be connected to the LINE side, or the outlet will not be
- protected. The LOAD side can be used to protect all devices
- downstream from it. Thus, a whole string of outlets can be
- covered by a single GFCI outlet.
-
- Subject: Where should GFCIs be used?
-
- The NEC mandates GFCIs for 110V, 15A or 20A single phase
- outlets, in bathrooms, kitchens within 6' of the sink, garages,
- unfinished basements or crawl spaces, outdoors, near a pool, or
- just about anywhere else where you're likely to encounter water
- or dampness. There are exceptions for inaccessible outlets,
- those dedicated to appliances ``occupying fixed space'',
- typically refrigerators and freezers, and for sump pumps and
- laundry appliances.
-
- The CEC does not mandate as many GFCIs. In particular, there
- is no requirement to protect kitchen outlets, or most garage or
- basement outlets. Basement outlets must be protected if you
- have a dirt floor, garage outlets if they're near the door to
- outside. Bathrooms and most exterior outlets must have GFCIs.
-
- Even if you are not required to have GFCI protection, you may
- want to consider installing it anyway. Unless you need a GFCI
- breaker (see below), the cost is low. In the U.S., GFCI
- outlets can cost as little as US$8. (Costs are a bit higher in
- Canada: C$12.) Evaluate your own risk factors. Does your
- finished basement ever get wet? Do you have small children?
- Do you use your garage outlets to power outdoor tools? Does
- water or melted snow ever puddle inside your garage?
-
- Subject: Where shouldn't I use a GFCI?
-
- GFCIs are generally not used on circuits that (a) don't pose a
- safety risk, and (b) are used to power equipment that must run
- unattended for long periods of time. Refrigerators, freezers,
- and sump pumps are good examples. The rationale is that GFCIs
- are sometimes prone to nuisance trips. Some people claim that
- the inductive delay in motor windings can cause a momentary
- current imbalance, tripping the GFCI. Note, though, that most
- GFCI trips are real; if you're getting a lot of trips for no
- apparent reason, you'd be well-advised to check your wiring
- before deciding that the GFCI is broken or useless.
-
- Subject: What is the difference between a GFCI outlet and a GFCI breaker?
-
- For most situations, you can use either a GFCI outlet as the
- first device on the circuit, or you can install a breaker with
- a built-in GFCI. The former is generally preferred, since GFCI
- breakers are quite expensive. For example, an ordinary GE
- breaker costs ~US$5; the GFCI model costs ~US$35. There is one
- major exception: if you need to protect a ``multi-wire branch
- circuit'' (two or more circuits sharing a common neutral wire),
- such as a Canadian-style kitchen circuit, you'll need a
- multi-pole GFCI breaker. Unfortunately, these are expensive;
- the cost can range into the hundreds of dollars, depending on
- what brand of panel box you have. But if you must protect such
- a circuit (say, for a pool heater), you have no choice.
-
- One more caveat -- GFCI outlets are bulky. You may want to use
- an oversize box when installing them. On second thought, use
- large (actually deep) boxes everywhere. You'll thank yourself for it.
-
- Incidentally, if you're installing a GFCI to ensure that one
- specific outlet is protected (such as a bathroom), you don't
- really have to go to all of the trouble to find the first
- outlet in the circuit, you could simply find the first outlet
- in the bathroom, and not GFCI anything upstream of it. But
- protecting the whole circuit is preferred.
-
- When you install a GFCI, it's a good idea to use the little
- "ground fault protected" stickers that come with it and mark
- the outlets downstream of the GFCI. You can figure out which
- outlets are "downstream", simply by tripping the GFCI with the
- test button and see which outlets are dead.
-
- Subject: What's the purpose of the ground prong on an outlet, then?
-
- Apart from their use in electronics, which we won't comment on,
- and for certain fluorescent lights (they won't turn on without
- a good ground connection), they're intended to guard against
- insulation failures within the device. Generally, the case of
- the appliance is connected to the ground lead. If there's an
- insulation failure that shorts the hot lead to the case, the
- ground lead conducts the electricity away safely (and possibly
- trips the circuit breaker in the process). If the case is not
- grounded and such a short occurs, the case is live -- and if
- you touch it while you're grounded, you'll get zapped. Of
- course, if the circuit is GFCI-protected, it will be a very
- tiny zap -- which is why you can use GFCIs to replace
- ungrounded outlets (both NEC and CEC).
-
- There are some appliances that should *never* be grounded. In
- particular, that applies to toasters and anything else with
- exposed conductors. Consider: if you touch the heating
- electrode in a toaster, and you're not grounded, nothing will
- happen. If you're slightly grounded, you'll get a small shock;
- the resistance will be too high. But if the case were
- grounded, and you were holding it, you'd be the perfect path to
- ground...
-
- Subject: Why is one prong wider than the other? Polarization
-
- Nowadays, many two-prong devices have one prong wider than the
- other. This is so that the device could rely (not guaranteed!)
- on one specific wire being neutral, and the other hot.
- This is particularly advantageous in light fixtures, where the
- the shell should neutral (safety), or other devices which want to
- have an approximate ground reference (ie: some radios).
-
- Most 2-prong extension cords have wide prongs too.
-
- This requires that you wire your outlets and plugs the right
- way around. You want the wide prong to be neutral, and the
- narrow one hot. Most outlets have a darker metal for the
- hot screw, and lighter coloured screw for the neutral.
- If not, you can usually figure out which is which by which
- prong the terminating screw connects to.
-
- Subject: What kind of outlets do I need in a kitchen?
-
- The NEC requires at least two 20 amp ``small appliance
- circuits'' for kitchens. The CEC requires split-duplex
- receptacles. Outlets must be installed such that no point is more
- than 24" (NEC) (900 mm CEC) from an outlet. Every counter wider
- than 12" (NEC) or 300 mm (CEC) must have at least one outlet.
- The circuit these outlets are on may not feed any outlets except
- in the kitchen, pantry, or dining room. Furthermore, these circuits
- are in addition to any required for refrigerators, stoves, microwaves,
- lighting, etc. Non-dedicated outlets within 6' of a sink *must* be
- protected by a GFCI (NEC only).
-
- Split duplex receptacles are fed with a 220V circuit. The tab
- is broken on the hot side of the outlet, and one hot goes to
- the upper outlet, and the other hot goes to the lower outlet.
- The neutral connects to both outlets through one screw. When
- "carrying through" to another outlet, the neutral must be
- pigtailed, such that removing the outlet, or having the neutral
- connection fall off doesn't cause the neutral to disconnect
- from downstream outlets.
-
- Subject: Where must outlets and switches be in bathrooms?
-
- There must be at least one outlet in each bathroom, adjacent to
- the sink, in addition to any outlet that may be incorporated in
- the light fixture. All such outlets *must* be GFCI-protected.
-
- Subject: What is Romex/NM/NMD? What is BX? When should I use each?
-
- Romex is a brand name for a type of plastic insulated wire.
- Sometimes called non-metallic sheath. The formal name is NM.
- This is suitable for use in dry, protected areas (ie: inside
- stud walls, on the sides of joists etc.), that are not subject
- to mechanical damage or excessive heat. Most newer homes are
- wired almost exclusively with NM wire. There are several
- different categories of NM cable.
-
- BX cable -- technically known as armored cable or "AC" has a
- flexible aluminum or steel sheath over the conductors and is
- fairly resistant to damage.
-
- TECK cable is AC with an additional external thermoplastic
- sheath.
-
- Protection for cable in concealed locations: where NM or AC cable
- is run through studs, joists or similar wooden members, the outer
- surface of the cable must be kept at least 32mm/1.25" (CEC & NEC)
- from the edges of the wooden members, or the cable should be protected
- from mechanical injury. This latter protection can take the form of
- metal plates (such as spare outlet box ends) or conduit.
-
- [Note: inspector-permitted practise in Canada suggests that armored
- cable, or flexible conduit can be used as the mechanical protection,
- but this is technically illegal.]
-
- Additional protection recommendations (these are rules in the
- Canadian codes - they are reasonable answers to the vague
- references to "exposed to mechanical damage" in both the NEC
- and CEC):
-
- - NM cable should be protected against mechanical damage
- where it passes through floors or on the surface of walls
- in exposed locations under 5 feet from the floor.
- Ie: use AC instead, flexible conduit, wooden guards etc.
- - Where cable is suspended, as in, connections to furnaces
- or water heaters, the wire should be protected. Canadian
- practise is usually to install a junction or outlet
- box on the wall, and use a short length of AC cable
- or NM cable in flexible conduit to "jump" to the appliance.
- Stapling NM to a piece of lumber is also sometimes used.
- - Where NM cable is run in close proximity to heating
- ducts or pipe, heat transfer should be minimized by
- means of a 25mm/1" air space, or suitable insulation
- material (a wad of fiberglass).
- - NM cable shall be supported within 300mm/1' of every box
- or fitting, and at intervals of no more than 1.5m/5'.
- Holes in joists or studs are considered "supports".
- Some slack in the cable should be provided adjacent to
- each box. [while fishing cable is technically in violation,
- it is permitted where "proper" support is impractical]
- - 2 conductor NM cable should never be stapled on edge.
- [Knight also insists on only one cable per staple, referring
- to the "workmanship" clause, but this seems more honoured
- in the breach...]
- - cable should never be buried in plaster, cement or
- similar finish.
- - cable should be protected where it runs behind baseboards.
- - Cable may not be run on the upper edge of ceiling joists
- or the lower edges of rafters where the headroom is more
- than 1m (39").
-
- Whenever BX cable is terminated at a box with a clamp, small
- plastic bushings must be inserted in the end of the cable to
- prevent the clamps forcing the sharp ends of the armor through
- the insulation.
-
- BX is sometimes a good idea in a work shop unless covered by
- solid wall coverings.
-
- In places where damage is more likely (like on the back wall of
- a garage ;-), you may be required to use conduit, a
- UL- (or CSA-) approved metal pipe. You use various types of
- fittings to join the pipe or provide entrance/exit for the
- wire.
-
- Service entrances frequently use a plastic conduit.
-
- In damp places (eg: buried wiring to outdoor lighting) you will
- need special wire (eg: CEC NMW90, NEC UF). NMW90 looks like
- very heavy-duty NMD90. You will usually need short lengths of
- conduit where the wire enters/exits the ground. [See underground
- wiring section.]
-
- Thermoplastic sheath wire (such as NM, NMW etc.) should not be
- exposed to direct sunlight unless explicitly approved for that
- purpose.
-
- Canada appears to use similar wire designations to the US,
- except that Canadian wire designations usually include the
- temperature rating in Celsius. Eg: "AC90" versus "AC".
- In the US, NM-B is 90 degrees celcius.
-
- NOTE: local codes vary. This is one of the items that changes
- most often. Eg: Chicago codes require conduit *everywhere*.
- There are very different requirements for mobile homes.
- Check your local codes, *especially* if you're doing anything
- that's the slightest out of the ordinary.
-
- Wire selection table (incomplete - the real tables are enormous,
- uncommon wire types or applications omitted)
-
- Condition Type CEC NEC
-
- Exposed/Concealed dry plastic NMD90 NM
- armor AC90 AC
- TECK90
-
- Exposed/Concealed damp plastic NMD90 NMC
- armor ACWU90
- TECK90
-
- Exposed/Concealed wet plastic NMWU90
- armor ACWU90
- TECK90
-
- Exposed to weather plastic NMWU
- TW etc.
- armor TECK90
-
- Direct earth burial/ plastic NMWU* UF
- Service entrance RWU
- TWU
- armor RA90
- TECK90
- ACWU90
- [* NMWU not for service entrance]
-
-
- Subject: Should I use plastic or metal boxes?
-
- The NEC permits use of plastic boxes with non-metallic cable
- only. The reasoning is simple -- with armored cable, the box
- itself provides ground conductor continuity. U.S. plastic
- boxes don't use metal cable clamps.
-
- The CEC is slightly different. The CEC never permits cable
- armor as a grounding conductor. However, you must still
- provide ground continuity for metallic sheath. The CEC also
- requires grounding of any metal cable clamps on plastic boxes.
-
- The advantage of plastic boxes is comparatively minor even for
- non-metallic sheathed cable -- you can avoid making one ground
- connection and they sometimes cost a little less. On the other
- hand, plastic boxes are more vulnerable to impacts. For
- exposed or shop wiring, metal boxes are probably better.
-
- Subject: Junction box positioning?
-
- A junction box is a box used only for connecting wires together.
-
- Junction boxes must be located in such a way that they're accessible
- later. Ie: not buried under plaster. Excessive use of junction
- boxes is often a sign of sloppy installation, and inspectors may
- get nasty.
-
- Subject: Can I install a replacement light fixture?
-
- In general, one can replace fixtures freely, subject to a few
- caveats. First, of course, one should check the amperage
- rating of the circuit. If your heart is set on installing half
- a dozen 500 watt floodlights, you may need to run a new wire
- back to the panel box. But there are some more subtle
- constraints as well. For example, older house
- wiring doesn't have high-temperature insulation. The excess
- heat generated by a ceiling-mounted lamp can and will cause the
- insulation to deteriorate and crack, with obvious bad results.
- Some newer fixtures are specifically marked for high
- temperature wire only. (You may find, in fact, that your
- ceiling wiring already has this problem, in which case
- replacing any devices is a real adventure.)
-
- Other concerns include providing a suitable ground for some
- fluorescent fixtures, and making sure that the ceiling box and
- its mounting are strong enough to support the weight of a heavy
- chandelier or ceiling fan. You may need to install a new box
- specifically listed for this purpose. A 2x4 across the ceiling
- joists makes a good support. Metal brackets are also available
- that can be fished into ceilings thru the junction box hole and
- mounted between the joists.
-
- There are special rules for recessed light fixtures such as
- "pot" lamps or heat lamps. When these are installed in insulated
- ceilings, they can present a very substantial fire hazard.
- The CEC provides for the installation of pot lamps in insulated
- ceilings, provided that the fixture is boxed in a "coffin" (usually
- 8'x16"x12" - made by making a pair of joists 12" high, and covering
- with plywood) that doesn't have any insulation. (Yes, that's 8 *feet*
- long)
-
- NEC rules are somewhat less stringent. They require at least 3"
- clearance between the fixture and any sort of thermal insulation.
- The rules also say that one should not obstruct free air movement,
- which means that a CEC-style ``coffin'' might be worthwhile.
- Presumably, that's up to the local inspector. [The CEC doesn't
- actually mandate the coffin per-se, this seems to be an inspector
- requirement to make absolutely certain that the fixture can't get
- accidentally buried in insulation. Ie: if you have insulation blown
- in later.]
-
- There are now fixtures that contain integral thermal cutouts and
- fairly large cases that can be buried directly in insulation. They are
- usually limited to 75 watt bulbs, and are unfortunately, somewhat
- more expensive than the older types. Before you use them, you should
- ensure that they have explicit UL or CSA approval for such uses.
- Follow the installation instructions carefully; the prescribed location
- for the sensor can vary.
-
- There does not yet appear to be a heat lamp fixture that is approved
- for use in insulation. The "coffin" appears the only legal approach.
-
- Subject: What does it mean when the lights brighten when a motor starts?
-
- This usually means that the neutral wire in the panel is
- loose. Depending on the load balance, one hot wire may end up
- being more than 110V, and the other less than 110V, with
- respect to ground. This is a very hazardous situation - it can
- destroy your electronic equipment, possibly start fires, and in
- some situations electrocute you (ie: some US jurisdictions
- require the stove frame connected to neutral).
-
- If this happens, contact your electrical authority immediately
- and have them come and check out the problem.
-
- Note: a brief (< 1 second) brightening is sometimes normal with
- lighting and motors on the same 220V with neutral circuit. A
- loose main panel neutral will usually show increased brightness
- far longer than one second. In case of doubt, get help.
-
- Subject: What is 3 phase power? Should I use it? Can I get it in my house?
-
- Three phase power has three "hot" wires, 120 degrees out of
- phase with each other. These are usually used for large motors
- because it is more "efficient", provides a bit more starting torque,
- and because the motors are simpler and hence cheaper.
-
- You're most likely to encounter a 3 phase circuit that shows
- 110 volts between any hot and ground, and 208 volts between
- any two hots. The latter shows the difference between a normal
- 220V/110V common neutral circuit, which is 240 volts between the
- two hots. There are 3 phase circuits with different voltages.
-
- Bringing in a 3 phase feed to your house is usually
- ridiculously expensive, or impossible. If the equipment you
- want to run has a standard motor mount, it is *MUCH* cheaper to
- buy a new 110V or 220V motor for it. In some cases it is
- possible to run 3 phase equipment on ordinary power if you have
- a "capacitor start" unit, or use a larger motor as a
- (auto-)generator. These are tricky, but are a good solution if
- the motor is non-standard size, or too expensive or too big to
- replace. The Taunton Press book ``The Small Shop'' has an
- article on how to do this if you must.
-
- Note that you lose any possible electrical efficiency by using
- such a converter. The laws of thermodynamics guarantee that.
-
- Subject: Is it better to run motors at 110 or 220?
-
- Theoretically, it doesn't make any difference. However, there
- is a difference is the amount of power lost in the supply
- wiring. All things being equal, a 220V motor will lose 4 times
- less power in the house wiring than a 110V motor. This also
- means that the startup surge loss will be less, and the motor
- will get to speed quicker. And in some circumstances, the
- smaller power loss will lead to longer motor life.
-
- This is usually irrelevant unless the supply wires are more
- than 50 feet long.
-
- Subject: What is this nonsense about 3HP on 110V 15A circuits?
-
- It is a universal physical law that 1 HP is equal to 746
- watts. Given heating loss, power factor and other inefficiencies,
- it is usually best to consider 1 HP is going to need 1000-1200
- watts. A 110V 15A circuit can only deliver 1850 watts to a motor,
- so it cannot possibly be more than approximately 2 HP. Given rational
- efficiency factors, 1.5HP is more like it.
-
- Some equipment manufacturers (Sears in particular, most router
- manufacturers in general ;-) advertise a HP rating that is far
- in excess of what is possible. They are giving you a "stall
- horsepower" or similar. That means the power is measured when
- the motor is just about to stop turning because of the load.
- What they don't mention is that if you kept it in that
- condition for more than a few seconds hopefully your breaker
- will trip, otherwise the motor will melt -- it's drawing far
- more current than it can continuously.
-
- When comparing motors, compare the continuous horsepower. This
- should be on the motor nameplate. If you can't find that figure,
- check the amperage rating, which is always present.
-
- Subject: How do I convert two prong receptacles to three prong?
-
- Older homes frequently have two-prong receptacles instead
- of the more modern three. These receptacles have no safety
- ground, and the cabling usually has no ground wire. Neither
- the NEC or CEC permits installing new 2 prong receptacles anymore.
-
- There are several different approaches to solving this:
- 1) If the wiring is done through conduit or BX, and the
- conduit is continuous back to the panel, you can connect
- the third prong of a new receptacle to the receptacle
- box. NEC mainly - CEC frowns on this practise.
- 2) If there is a copper cold water pipe going nearby, and
- it's continuous to the main house ground point, you can
- run a conductor to it from the third prong.
- 3) Run a ground conductor back to the main panel.
- 4) Easiest: install a GFCI receptacle. The ground lug
- should not be connected to anything, but the GFCI
- protection itself will serve instead. The GFCI
- will also protect downstream (possibly also two prong
- outlets). If you do this to protect downstream outlets,
- the grounds must not be connected together. Since it
- wouldn't be connected to a real ground, a wiring fault
- could energize the cases of 3 prong devices connected
- to other outlets. Be sure, though, that there aren't
- indirect ground plug connections, such as via the sheath
- on BX cable.
-
- The CEC permits you to replace a two prong receptacle with a three
- prong if you fill the U ground with a non-conducting goop.
- Like caulking compound. This is not permitted in the NEC.
-
- Subject: Are you sure about GFCIs and ungrounded outlets?
- Should the test button work?
-
- We're sure about what the NEC and CEC say. Remember, though,
- that your local codes may vary. As for the TEST button -- there's
- a resistor connecting the LOAD side of the hot wire to the LINE
- side of the neutral wire when you press the TEST button. Current
- through this resistor shows up as an imbalance, and trips the GFCI.
- This is a simple, passive, and reliable test, and doesn't require
- a real ground to work. If your GFCI does not trip when you press
- the TEST button, it is very probably defective or miswired. Again:
- if the test button doesn't work, something's broken, and potentially
- dangerous. The problem should be corrected immediately.
-
- The instructions that come with some GFCIs specify that the ground
- wire must be connected. We do not know why they say this. The
- causes may be as mundane as an old instruction sheet, or with the
- formalities of UL or CSA listing -- perhaps the device was never
- tested without the ground wire being connected. On the other hand,
- UL or CSA approval should only have been granted if the device
- behaves properly in *all* listed applications, including ungrounded
- outlet replacement. (One of us called Leviton; their GFCIs are
- labeled for installation on grounded circuits only. The technician
- was surprised to see that; he agreed that the NEC does not require
- it, and promised to investigate.)
-
- Subject: How should I wire my shop?
-
- As with any other kind of wiring, you need enough power for all
- devices that will be on simultaneously. The code specifies
- that you should stay under 80% of the nominal capacity of the
- circuit. For typical home shop use, this means one circuit for
- the major power tools, and possibly one for a dust collector or
- shop vac. Use at least 12 gauge wire -- many power tools have
- big motors, with a big start-up surge. If you can, use 20 amp
- breakers (NEC), though CEC requires standard 20A receptacles
- which means you'd have to "replug" all your equipment. Lights
- should either be on a circuit of their own -- and not shared
- with circuits in the rest of the house -- or be on at least two
- separate circuits. The idea is that you want to avoid a
- situation where a blade is still spinning at several thousand
- RPM, while you're groping in the dark for the OFF switch.
-
- Do install lots of outlets. It's easier to install them in the
- beginning, when you don't have to cut into an existing cable.
- It's useful if at least two circuits are accessible at each
- point, so you can run a shop vac or a compressor at the same
- time as the tool you really want. But use metal boxes and
- plates, and maybe even metal-sheathed cable; you may have
- objects flying around at high speeds if something goes a bit
- wrong.
-
- Note that some jurisdictions have a "no horizontal wiring"
- rule in workshops or other unfinished areas that are used
- for working. What this means is that all wiring must be
- run along structural members. Ie: stapled to studs.
-
- Other possible shop circuits include heater circuits, 220V
- circuits for some large tools, and air compressor circuits.
- Don't overload circuits, and don't use extension cords if you
- can help it, unless they're rated for high currents. (A coiled
- extension cord is not as safe as a straight length of wire of
- the same gauge. Also, the insulation won't withstand as much
- heat, and heat dissipation is the critical issue.)
-
- If your shop is located at some remove from your main panel,
- you should probably install a subpanel, and derive your shop
- wiring from it. If you have young children, you may want to
- equip this panel with a cut-off switch, and possibly a lock.
- If you want to install individual switches to ``safe''
- particular circuits, make sure you get ones rated high enough.
- For example, ordinary light switches are not safely able to
- handle the start-up surge generated by a table saw. Buy
- ``horsepower-rated'' switches instead.
-
- Finally, note that most home shops are in garages or unfinished
- basements; hence the NEC requirements for GFCIs apply. And
- even if you ``know'' that you'd never use one of your shop
- outlets to run a lawn mower, the next owner of your house might
- have a different idea.
-
- Note: Fine Woodworking magazine often carries articles on shop
- wiring. April 1992 is one place to start.
-
- Subject: Underground Wiring
-
- You will need to prepare a trench to specifications, use
- special wire, protect the wire with conduit or special plastic
- tubing and possibly lumber (don't use creosoted lumber, it rots
- thermoplastic insulation and acts as a catalyst in the corrosion
- of lead). The transition from in-house to underground wire is
- generally via conduit. All outdoor boxes must be specifically
- listed for the purpose, and contain the appropriate gaskets,
- fittings, etc. If the location of the box is subject to immersion
- in water, a more serious style of water-proof box is needed. And
- of course, don't forget the GFCIs.
-
- The required depths and other details vary from jurisdiction to
- jurisdiction, so we suggest you consult your inspector about
- your specific situation.
-
- A hint: buy a roll of bright yellow tape that says "buried power
- line" and bury it a few inches above where the wire has been placed.
-
- Subject: Aluminum wiring
-
- During the 1970's, aluminum (instead of copper) wiring became
- quite popular and was extensively used. Since that time,
- aluminum wiring has been implicated in a number of house fires,
- and most jurisdictions no longer permit it in new installations.
- We recommend, even if you're allowed to, that do not use it for new
- wiring.
-
- But don't panic if your house has aluminum wiring. Aluminum
- wiring, when properly installed, can be just as safe as copper.
- Aluminum wiring is, however, very unforgiving of improper
- installation. We will cover a bit of the theory behind potential
- problems, and what you can do to make your wiring safe.
-
- The main problem with aluminum wiring is a phenomenon known as
- "cold creep". When aluminum wiring warms up, it expands. When
- it cools down, it contracts. Unlike copper, when aluminum goes
- through a number of warm/cool cycles it loses a bit of tightness each
- time. To make the problem worse, aluminum oxidises, or corrodes
- when in contact with certain types of metal, so the resistance
- of the connection goes up. Which causes it to heat up and corrode/
- oxidize still more. Eventually the wire may start getting very hot,
- melt the insulation or fixture it's attached to, and possibly even
- cause a fire.
-
- Since people usually encounter aluminum wiring when they move
- into a house built during the 70's, we will cover basic points of
- safe aluminum wiring. We suggest that, if you're considering purchasing
- a home with aluminum wiring, or have discovered it later, that you
- hire a licensed electrician or inspector to check over the wiring
- for the following things:
-
- 1) Fixtures (eg: outlets and switches) directly attached to
- aluminum wiring should be rated for it. The device will
- be stamped with "Al/Cu" or "CO/ALR". The latter supersedes
- the former, but both are safe. These fixtures are somewhat
- more expensive than the ordinary ones.
-
- 2) Wires should be properly connected (at least 3/4 way around
- the screw in a clockwise direction). Connections should be
- tight. While repeated tightening of the screws can make the
- problem worse, during the inspection it would pay off to snug
- up each connection.
-
- Note that aluminum wiring is still often used for the
- main service entrance cable. It should be inspected.
-
- 3) "push-in" terminals are an extreme hazard with aluminum wire.
- Any connections using push-in terminals should be redone with
- the proper screw connections immediately.
-
- 4) There should be no signs of overheating: darkened connections,
- melted insulation, or "baked" fixtures. Any such damage should
- be repaired.
-
- 5) Connections between aluminum and copper wire need to be
- handled specially. Current Canadian codes require that the
- wire nut used must be specially marked for connecting
- aluminum to copper. The NEC requires that the wire be
- connected together using special crimp devices, with an
- anti-oxidant grease. The tools and materials for the latter
- are quite expensive - not practical to do it yourself unless
- you can rent the tool.
-
- 6) Any non-rated receptacle can be connected to aluminum wiring
- by means of a short copper "pigtail". See (5) above.
-
- 7) Shows reasonable workmanship: neat wiring, properly stripped
- (not nicked) wire etc.
-
- If, when considering purchasing a home, an inspection of the wiring
- shows no problems or only one or two, we believe that you can consider
- the wiring safe. If there are signs of problems in many places,
- we suggest you look elsewhere. If the wrong receptacles are used,
- you can replace them with the proper type, or use pigtails - having
- this professionally done can range from $3 to $10 per receptacle/switch.
- You can do this yourself too.
-
- Subject: I'm buying a house! What should I do?
-
- Congratulations. But... It's generally a good idea to hire
- an inspector to look through the house for hidden gotchas.
- Not just for wiring, but plumbing and structural as well. If an
- inspection of the wiring shows no problems or only one or two minor
- ones, we believe that you can consider the wiring safe (after any
- minor problems are fixed). If there are signs of problems in many
- places, we suggest you look elsewhere.
-
- Here's some hints on what to look for:
-
- Obvious non-code wiring can include:
-
- - Zip cord wiring, either concealed or nailed to walls
- - Hot wiring on the identified (neutral) conductor without
- proper marking.
- - Ungrounded grounding outlets (except when downstream of
- a GFCI)
- - Splices hanging in mid-air (other than proper knob-and-tube)
- - Switched neutrals
- - Unsecured Romex swinging about like grapevines
-
- Certain wiring practises that are actually to code (or were at one
- time) sometimes reveal DIY wiring that may have hidden violations:
-
- - Switches that seem to control nothing (abandoned, perhaps
- not properly terminated wiring)
- - A wall switch that shuts off a group of lights that are
- separately controlled by other wall switches. (except when
- it's *really* convenient ;-)
- - Switches and outlets in bizarre locations
- - Great numbers of junction boxes without outlets or lamps
- - Junction boxes with great numbers of wires going into them
- - Wiring that passes through a closet instead of a wall or
- ceiling
- - Backwrapped grounding wires
-
- Subject: What is this weird stuff? Old style wiring
-
- In the years since Edison "invented" electricity, several different
- wiring "styles" have come and gone. When you buy an older home you
- may encounter some of this stuff. This section describes the old
- methods, and some of their idiosyncrasies.
-
- The oldest wiring system you're likely to encounter is called
- "knob and tube" (K&T). It is made up of individual conductors with
- a cloth insulation. The wires are run along side structural
- members (eg: joists or studs) using ceramic stand-offs (knobs).
- Wire is run through structural members using ceramic tubes. Connections
- were made by twisting the wire together, soldering, and wrapping
- with tape. Since the hot and neutral were run separately,
- the wiring tends to be rather confusing. A neutral often runs
- down the centre of each room, with "taps" off to each fixture.
- The hot wire tended to run from one fixture to the next. In some
- cases K&T isn't colour-coded, so the neutral is often the same
- colour as the hot wires.
-
- You'll see K&T in homes built as late as the 40's.
-
- Comments on K&T:
-
- - the people installing K&T were pretty paranoid about
- electricity, so the workmanship tends to be pretty good.
- - The wire, insulation and insulators tend to stand up
- very well. Most K&T I've seen, for example, is in
- quite good condition.
- - No grounding. Grounding is usually difficult to install.
- - boxes are small. Receptacle replacement (particularly with
- GFCI) can be difficult. No bushing on boxes either,
- so wiring changes need special attention to box entry.
- - Sometimes the neutral isn't balanced very well between
- separately hot circuits, so it is sometimes possible to
- overload the neutral without exceeding the fusing on
- any circuit.
- - Building code does not permit insulation in walls
- that contain K&T.
- - Connection to existing K&T from new circuits can be
- tricky. Consult your inspector.
- - Modern wiring practise requires considerably more
- outlets to be installed than K&T systems did.
-
- Since K&T tends to be in pretty decent condition it generally isn't
- necessary to replace it simply because it's K&T. What you should
- watch out for is renovations that have interfered with it and
- be cautious about circuit loading. In many cases it's perfectly
- reasonable to leave existing K&T alone, and add new fixtures on
- new circuits using modern techniques.
-
- After K&T, they invented multi-conductor cable. The first type
- you will see is roughly a cloth and varnish insulation. It looks
- much like the romex cable of the last decade or two. This stuff was
- used in the 40's and 50's. Again, no grounding conductor.
- It was installed much like modern wiring. Its major drawback
- is that this type of insulation embrittles. We've seen whole
- systems where the insulation would fracture and fall off at
- a touch. BX cable of the same vintage has similar problems.
-
- This stuff is very fragile, and becomes rather hazardous if
- the wires become bare. This wiring should be left untouched as
- much as possible - whenever an opportunity arises, replace it.
- A simple receptacle or switch replacement can turn into a several
- hour long frustrating fight with electrical tape or heat-shrink
- tubing.
-
- After this wiring technique, the more modern romex was invented.
- It's almost a asphalt impregnated cloth. Often a bit sticky.
- This stuff stands up reasonably well and doesn't present a hazard
- and is reasonably easy to work with. It does not need to be
- replaced - it should be considered as safe as the "modern" stuff -
- thermoplastic insulation wire. Just don't abuse it too much.
-
- Subject: Where do I buy stuff?
-
- Try to find a proper electrical supply outlet near you. Their
- prices will often be considerably better than chain hardware stores or
- DIY centres, have better quality materials, have wider variety
- including the "odd" stuff, and have people behind the counter that
- know what you're talking about. Cultivate friendly knowledgeable
- sales people. They'll give you much valuable information.
- --
- Chris Lewis; clewis@ferret.ocunix.on.ca; Phone: Canada 613 832-0541
- Psroff 3.0 info: psroff-request@ferret.ocunix.on.ca
- Ferret list: ferret-request@ferret.ocunix.on.ca
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- Message-ID: <1992Sep24.211445.700@news2.cis.umn.edu>
- Date: 24 Sep 92 21:14:45 GMT
- Sender: news@news2.cis.umn.edu (Usenet News Administration)
- Reply-To: fin@unet.umn.edu (Craig A. Finseth)
- Followup-To: comp.editors,comp.emacs
- Organization: University of Minnesota, Networking Services.
- Lines: 1148
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Supersedes: <1992Jul17.181740.12693@news2.cis.umn.edu>
- Nntp-Posting-Host: norge.unet.umn.edu
-
- Archive-name: emacs-implementations
- Last-modified: 24 September 1992
-
-
- Emacs Implementations and Literature
-
-
- Changes and additions to: last posted 24 September 1992
- Craig A. Finseth reposted about every 2 months
-
- fin@unet.umn.edu
- Finseth@nic.mr.net
-
- +1 612 644 4027
-
- 1343 Lafond
- St Paul MN 55104-2437
- USA
-
- This document provides a partial -- and not comprehensive -- list of
- implementations of Emacs-type editors and literature about such
- editors. You can help make it more comprehensive by sending me
- additional information and/or updates.
-
- This document is available via anonymous FTP from:
-
- mail.unet.umn.edu in import/fin/emacs
-
- To be included in this list, a piece of literature should be a book,
- manual, article, paper, or something that covers (or mentions) Emacs
- in particular or text editing techniques in general. Specifically
- excluded are items that are only of interest to non-Emacs users (a
- book on "how to use vi") or vendor manuals for Emacs implementations
- (as those are implicitly included in the implementations). Non-vendor
- manuals are included.
-
- To be included in this list, an implmentation must either (1) be
- "advertised" as being an Emacs-type editor or (2) be extensible and
- come with an Emacs command set "mode" already written. Editors that
- are extensible but do not come with such a mode (i.e., you have to
- write it yourself) are not listed.
-
- The following information is included for each implementation:
-
- The NAME line contains the name of the implementation.
- Implementations are listed alphabetically by name. Acronym expansions
- are listed in ()s. Other acronyms:
-
- TECO TAPE Editor and COrrector (later: Text Editor and COrrector)
- EMACS Editor MACroS
-
- The VERSION is the latest known version. It is probably out of date.
-
- The IMPLEMENTATION LANGUAGE is the language that the bulk of the
- implementation is written in. A compiler or interpreter for this
- language would be needed to use the editor.
-
- The EXTENSION LANGUAGE is the (often custom or modified) language that
- the is used when altering or writing extensions to the implementation.
- It is "none" if there is no extension language.
-
- The SCOPE is either "command set" or "extensible." In the first case,
- the implementation offers a basic Emacs command set; however the user
- cannot readily change what the commands do. In the second case, the
- user can fully control what all of the commands do.
-
- The REQUIREMENTS is a brief characterization of what hardware or
- software is required. The purpose of this item is to offer a broad
- selection key; not be a comprehensive list. You should consult the
- implementation (for free software) or the vendor to find out whether a
- specific implementation works in your environment. For example, "IBM
- PC" is used to cover MS/DOS, OS/2, and Windows implementations and
- "UNIX" refers to any version of UNIX(tm) from any vendor.
-
- The ORGANIZATION is the name of and contact information for the
- implementor.
-
- The STATUS is one of
-
- - no longer available: Self-explanatory.
-
- - free: The implementation is available to most people at no
- charge. Even such "free" implementations may have
- restrictions: consult information about the particular
- implementation. Where available, information on how to obtain
- a copy is also listed.
-
- - not free: The implementation is for sale. Contact the
- vendor for specifics.
-
- Many of the names of the implementations in this list are trademarked.
- Specific trademarks are not called out.
-
- Full source code is available for all of the free implementations.
- Source availability varies among the not free implementations: check
- with the vendor before you buy.
-
- -------------------- Literature --------------------
-
- Title: Learning Gnu Emacs
- Author(s): Debra Cameron and Bill Rosenblatt
- Publisher: O'Reilley and Associates, Inc.
- Size: 442pp, 13 chapters, 8 appendices
- ISBN: 0-937175-84-6
- Price: $27.95
-
- Title: The Craft of Text Editing: Emacs for the Modern World
- Author(s): Craig A. Finseth
- Publisher: Springer-Verlag
- Size: 220pp, 10 chapters, 5 appendices
- ISBN: 0-387-97616-7, 3-540-97616-7
- Price: $39.95
-
- Title: Unix Desktop Guide to Emacs
- Author(s): Ralph Roberts and Mark Boyd
- Consultants: Stephen G. Kochan and Patrick H. Wood
- Publisher: Hayden Books (SAMS)
- Size: ?
- ISBN: ?
- Price: $27.95 US, $34.95 CAN
-
- Title: GNU Emacs: UNIX Text Editing and Processing
- Author(s): Michael Schoonover, John Bowie, and Bill Arnold
- Pubisher: Addison-Wesley / HP Press
- Size: 640pp, 14 chapters, 4 appendices
- ISBN: 0-201-56345-2
- Price: ?
-
- ---------- GNU-Emacs ----------
-
- name: GNU-Emacs
- version: 18.57
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS
- organization:
- Free Software Foundation
- 675 Massachusetts Ave
- Cambridge MA 02139
- USA
- +1 617 876 3296
- gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
- free, anonymous FTP from:
- prep.ai.mit.edu
- scam.berkeley.edu
- itstd.sri.com
- wuarchive.wustl.edu
- wsmr-simtel20.army.mil (under `PD:<UNIX.GNU>')
- bu.edu
- louie.udel.edu
- nic.nyser.net
- ftp.cs.titech.ac.jp
- funic.hut.fi
- sunic.sunet.se
- freja.diku.dk
- gatekeeper.dec.com
- mango.miami.edu (VMS G++)
- cc.utah.edu (VMS GNU Emacs)
- uunet.uu.net
- archive.cis.ohio-state.edu
- ftp-os2.nmsu.edu in /pub/os2/2.0/gnu/emacs (slightly
- modified version for OS/2)
- on the SPAN network, contact rdss::corbet
- on UUCP, contact one of:
- hao!scicom!qetzal!upba!ugn!nepa!denny
- hqda-ai!merlin
- uunet!hutch!barber
- sun!nosun!illian!darylm
- oli-stl!root
- bigtex!james
- postmaster@uunet.uu.net
- uucp@cis.ohio-state.edu (or osu-cis!uucp)
- Ohio State also posts their UUCP instructions regularly to
- the news group comp.sources.d
-
-
- ---------- Implementations Available For No Charge ----------
-
- name: AMIS
- version:
- implementation language: Pascal
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: VMS, Norsk Data, Tops10, RSTS
- organization/author:
- Stacken Computer Club
- c/o NADA
- S-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
- stacken@stacken.kth.se
- note: the name is an abbreviation of "Anti-MISAER" (where "AE" is the
- "ae" glyph). "Misaer" is Swedish (svenska) for "piece of junk, or
- deep shit functionality" (translation provided by the person who told
- me about this) The name thus means "not a piece of junk."
- Tops10, RSTS, Norsk Data versions are free, send them a
- 1/2 inch, 2400-foot magnetic tape and return postage
- VMS version is $1000 US (the money supports their DEC10 museum)
-
-
- name: Demacs
- version: 1.2.0
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: IBMPC
- organization/author:
- Manabu Higashida
- Osaka University
- JAPAN
- manabu@sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp
-
- HIRANO Satoshi
- University of Tokyo
- Japan
- hirano@tkl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
- free, anonymous FTP from
- ftp.sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp in pub/Msdos/Demacs/*
- utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp in GNU/demacs/*
- note: Demacs is currently based on GNU Emacs version 18.55 (partly 18.57).
-
-
- name: ea
- version: Feb 92
- implementation language: C
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: Unix, IBM PC, Atari ST; requires curses
- organization/author:
- Anthony Howe
- Mortice Kern Systems Inc.
- 35 King St N
- Waterloo Ontario
- Canada N2J 6W9
- ant@mks.com
- free, periodically posted to Comp.editors
-
-
- name: EDMACS
- version: 2.0
- implementation language: TECO
- extension language: TECO
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: PDP/11
- organization/author:
- Michael Bloom
- mb@ttidca.tti.com
- free, anonymous FTP from
- usc.edu in /pub/teco/soflib.tar.Z (in subdir "11-737" of tar image)
- DECUS program library as DECUS #11-737 (nominal media charge)
-
-
- name: Edwin
- version:
- implementation language: CScheme
- extension language: CScheme
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS
- organization/author:
- Scheme Distribution
- c/o Prof. Hal Abelson
- 545 Technology Sq. Room 410
- Cambridge MA 02139
- USA
- info-cscheme-request@zurich.ai.mit.edu
- free, anonymous FTP from
- zurich.ai.mit.edu in pub/scheme/README
- also, check out other Scheme implementations
-
-
- name: Elle (Elle Looks Like Emacs)
- version: 4.1g
- implementation language: C
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, MINIX, TOPS-20, TOPS-10 (!)
- organization/author:
- Ken Harrenstein
- c/o SRI International
- 333 Ravenswood Ave
- Menlo Park CA 94025
- USA
- klh@nisc.sri.com
- free, anonymous FTP from
- nisc.sri.com in pub/klh/elle.tar (or elle.tar.Z)
-
-
- name: Emacs
- version:
- implementation language: MIDAS (PDP10/DEC-20 assembly language)
- extension language: TECO
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: PDP10/ITS or DEC-20/TOPS-20
- organization/author:
- MIT AI Lab/MIT Lab. for Comp. Sci.
- 545 Technology Square
- Cambridge MA 02139
- USA
- note: this is the original
- free, anonymous FTP from
- mc.lcs.mit.edu in its/ai/emacs/*, its/ai/emacs1/*
-
-
- name: Epoch
- version: 4.0
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, others
- organization/author:
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana-Champaign IL
- USA
- epoch-request@cs.uiuc.edu
- uunet!uiucdcs!epoch-request
- epoch-request%cs.uiuc.edu@uiucvmd.bitnet
- notes: this is a modified GNU Emacs
- free, anonymous FTP from
- cs.uiuc.edu in pub/epoch-files/epoch/*
-
-
- name: Freemacs
- version: 1.6a
- implementation language: 8086 assembler
- extension language: MINT, a string-oriented interpreter inspired by TRAC
- (MINT means "Mint Is Not TRAC")
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: IBM PC
- organization/author:
- Russell Nelson
- 11 Grant Street
- Potsdam NY 13676
- USA
- free,
- Internet: anonymous FTP from
- simtel20.army.mil from PD:<MSDOS.FREEMACS>
- grape.ecs.clarkson.edu [128.153.28.129] in /pub/msdos/freemacs
- BBS:
- +1 315 268 6667 - 1200/2400 bps, 8N1, 24 hrs, pub/msdos/freemacs
- No registration required to download Freemacs.
- Bitnet and UUCP:
- Send mail to archive-server@sun.soe.clarkson.edu. You may use
- archive-server%sun.soe@omnigate if you are on Bitnet, or
- {smart-host}!sun.soe.clarkson.edu!archive-server if you are using
- UUCP. The mail message should consist of 'help'. If you do not
- get a reply within a day, then your return path is broken.
- You'll need to use the path command to give a mail address that
- our mailer can grok. Our mailer can send mail to any address
- with an '@' in it, with the exception of ".UUCP"
- pseudo-addresses.
- Mail:
- $15 check or $17 PO copying fee to the author. This will
- assure you of the latest version. Please specify floppy
- format: [5.25", 1.2 Meg], [5.25", 360K], [3.50", 720K]
-
-
- name: Freyja (Freyja Reduksjon Emacs, Ytre Jevn All: Freyja Reduces
- Emacs, Yet Joins All)
- version: 1.6
- implementation language: C
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command
- hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, UNIX, HP95LX
- organization/author:
- Craig Finseth
- 1343 Lafond
- St. Paul MN 55104-2437
- USA
- +1 612 644 4027
- fin@unet.umn.edu
- free from the author, send either:
- 2, 5 1/4" (360KB) or
- 1, 3 1/2" (either 720KB or 1.44 MB) diskettes and a SASE (or
- something reasonable, say US$3)
- or anonymous FTP from:
- mail.unet.umn.edu in
- import/fin/freyja.exe (MS/DOS self-extracting archive)
- import/fin/freyja.tar (UNIX tar file)
- import/fin/freyja.tar.Z (compressed UNIX tar file)
- import/fin/freyja.txt (README file)
- eddie.mit.edu
- distrib/hp95lx/editors/freyja.tar.Z
- distrib/hp95lx/editors/freyja.zip
- note: optimized for RAM-based computing (laptops and palmtops)
-
-
- name: Hemlock
- version:
- implementation language: Lisp
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: CMU Common Lisp; MACH and/or SunOS
- organization/author:
- Scott Fahlman
- CMU Common Lisp project
- Carnegie-Mellon University
- USA
- Scott.Fahlman@CS.CMU.EDU
- free, anonymous FTP from
- lisp-rt1.slisp.cs.cmu.edu in /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/clisp/release
- lisp-rt2.slisp.cs.cmu.edu in /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/clisp/release
- (you must cd the complete path in one command)
- also not free as part of Lucid Common Lisp
-
-
- name: Jove (Jonathan's Own Version of Emacs)
- version: 4.14
- implementation language: C
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, IBM PC, Macintosh
- organization/author:
- Jonathan Payne
- Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- 2550 Garcia Ave
- Mountain View CA 94043
- USA
- free, anonymous FTP from
- cayuga.cs.rochester.edu in pub/jove.*
- cs.toronto.edu in pub/moraes/jove.*.*
- comp.sources.[misc,unix] archives
- also in the Berkeley UNIX distribution
-
-
- name: KEmacs (Kanji Emacs)
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: custom
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC, Amiga, Atari ST,
- Macintosh, Wicat, Data General
- organization/author:
- SANETO (sanewo) Takanori
- Corporate Research Laboratories Atsugi
- SONY
- Japan
- note: Japanese (Kanji) adaptation of MicroEMACS version 3.8i
- free, anonymous FTP from
- ftp.hawaii.edu in pub/editors/=TAR.Z=FILES=/kemacs.tar.Z
- or pub/editors/kemacs.tarZ
-
-
- name: Leif
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS
- organization/author:
- The Saga Group
- Department of Computer Science
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
- 1304 W. Springfield
- Urbana IL 61801
- USA
- leif@a.cs.uiuc.edu
- {pur-ee|ihnp4}!uiucdcs!leif
- free, anonymous FTP from
- cs.uiuc.edu
- note: Leif is really just GNU Emacs with a small modification, an
- elisp extension, and an external parser.
-
-
- name: Lucid GNU Emacs (lemacs)
- version: 19.2
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS
- organization:
- Lucid, Inc.
- 707 Laurel Street
- Menlo Park CA 94025-3440
- USA
- +1 415 329 8400
- help-lucid-emacs-request@lucid.com
- bug-lucid-emacs-request@lucid.com
- free, anonymous FTP from
- labrea.Stanford.EDU in pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.1.tar.Z
- in pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.1-sun4.tar.Z
- also included with Lucid's Energize Programming System, a C/C++ environment
- notes: this is a modified GNU Emacs, based on an early copy of version 19,
- similar to Epoch. It currently requires X11r4 or X11r5 to run.
-
-
- name: ME2 (Mutt Editor II)
- version: 2.2
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Mutt ("A bizarre mix of Lisp and Algol-like
- languages, compiled external to the editor")
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, IBMPC
- organization/author:
- Craig Durland
- 3419 SW Knollbrook
- Corvallis OR 97330
- USA
- +1 503 750 3354
- craig@cv.hp.com
- free, anonymous FTP from
- hpcvaaz.cv.hp.com in pub/pub/me2.shar.Z
-
-
- name: MG, (MicroGNU Emacs)
- version: 2a
- implementation language: C
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, AmigaDOS, Atari ST,
- OS/9-68K, Primos
- organization/author:
- University of Texas
- USA
- free, anonymous FTP from
- utadnx.cc.utexas.edu in MG2A.BCK_LZW
-
-
- name: MicroEMACS
- version: 3.11
- implementation language: C
- extension language: custom
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC,
- HP 110 and 150, Amiga, Atari ST, Macintosh, Wicat,
- Data General AOS/VS
- kanji: Fujitsu FMR-70, NEC PC-9891
- organization/author:
- Daniel M. Lawrence
- 617 New York St
- Lafayette IN 47901
- USA
- +1 317 742 5153
- dan@mdbs.uucp
- FIDO: The Programmer's Room 201/10
- +1 317 742 5533
- 24 hours 300/1200/2400 baud
- free (non-commercial), anonymous FTP from
- midas.mgmt.purdue.edu in dist/uemacs3.11m/ue311m.arc.
- midas.mgmt.purdue.edu in dist/uemacs311/*
- between the hours of 5pm and 8am
- ask author about commercial use and distribution via disk
-
-
- name: Nemacs (Nihongo Emacs)
- version: 3.3.2
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS
- maintainer:
- nemacs@etl.go.jp
- organization/author:
- Ken'ichi HANDA
- Electrotechnical Lab.
- Machine Inference Section
- ElectroTechnical Laboratory
- Umezono 1-1-4
- Tsukuba City
- Japan 305
- +81 298 58 5916
- fax +81 298 58 5918
- handa@etl.go.jp
- handa%etl.go.jp@relay.cs.net
- note: Japanese (Nihongo) adaptation of GNU-Emacs
- free, anonymous FTP from
- ftp.hawaii.edu in pub/editors/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z
-
-
- name: Origami
- version: 1.6
- implementation language: C
- extension language: OCL (custom)
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, Atari ST
- origanization:
- Michael Haardt
- Auf der Hoern 40
- 5100 Aachen 1
- Germany
- +49 0241 85848
- mhaardt@ftp.thp.uni-koeln.de
- free, anonymous FTP from:
- ftp.thp.uni-koeln.de in minix/commands/editors/origami.tar.Z
-
-
- name: Scame
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC
- organization/author:
- Multihouse Automatisering bv
- c/o Johan Vromans
- Doesburgweg 7
- 2803 PL Gouda
- the Netherlands
- +31 1820 62911
- fax +31 1820 62500
- jv@mh.nl
- note: loosely based on an editor called Scame by Leif Samuelsson
- free, ask the author for information on how to get a copy
-
-
- name: treemacs
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, others
- organization/author:
- Vipin Swarup
- Dept. of Computer Science
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- USA
- swarup@a.cs.uiuc.eduo
- USENET ...!{cmcl2,seismo,uunet}!uiucdcs!swarup
- notes: this is a modified GNU Emacs
- free, anonymous FTP from
- cs.uiuc.edu in pub/treemacs/*
-
-
- ---------- Implementations Sold by Vendors ----------
-
- name: ADEPT
- version:
- implementation language:
- extension language: yes, but not available to users
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: Wang VS
- organization/author:
- Wang
- Jimmy Huangs & George Soules
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Alpha
- version: 4.01
- implementation language:
- extension language:
- scope of implementation:
- hardware/software requirements: Macintosh
- organization/author:
- Pete Keheler
- Rice University
- shareware ($30), anonymous FTP from
- sumex-aim.stanford.edu in /info-mac/util
-
-
- name: amacs
- version: 3.0 Release 2.8
- implementation language: 6502 assembler
- extension language: macros / loadable libraries (assembled)
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: Apple // with ProDOS
- organization/author:
- Creative Thinking, Included
- Brian Fox
- bfox@ai.mit.edu
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Brief
- version: 3.1
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Lisp or C (choice)
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: IBM PC
- organization/author:
- Solution Systems
- Suite 410
- 541 Main St
- South Weymouth MA 02190
- USA
- +1 800 821 2492
- +1 617 337 6963
- fax +1 617 337 7719
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: CCA Emacs
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: ELisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS
- organization/author:
- Uniworks Inc.
- P.O. Box K
- Suite 323
- Maynard MA 01754
- USA
- +1 508 897 6650
- emacs!mau
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: E3
- version: internal?
- implementation language: ?
- extension language: REXX
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: ?/
- organization/author:
- IBM Corp.
- ?
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Emacs
- version:
- implementation language: SPL, a variant of PL/1
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: Prime
- organization/author:
- Prime Computer, Inc.
- 24 Prime Park Way
- Natick MA 07160
- USA
- +1 508 651 3342
- telex 174519
- telex +1 612 508 651 2769
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: EMACS-TC
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Lisp-like
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX
- organization/author:
- AT&T Toolchest
- +1 201 522 6900, then login "guest"
- USA
-
- Warren A. Montgomery
- +1 708 713 5090
- att!iexist!warren
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Epsilon
- version: 5.0
- implementation language: C
- extension language: EEL, a dialect of C
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, IBM PC
- organization/author:
- Lugaru Software Ltd.
- 5843 Forbes Ave
- Pittsburgh PA 15217
- USA
- +1 412 421 5911
- fax +1 412 421 6371
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: EVE (Extensible VAX Editor)
- implementation language: TPU
- extension language: TPU (Text Processing Utility)
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: VMS
- organization/author:
- Digital Equipment Corp.
- ?
- USA
- +1 ?
- ?
- notes: (Courtesy of Juergen Nickelsen) It is not Emacs-like, but is
- fully extensible. Source (TPU) is included. TPU is a programming
- language for text processing, etc. that is also bundled with VMS. EVE
- is the next best thing to GNU-Emacs on a VAX.
-
-
- name: FrameMaker
- version: 3.0
- implementation language: ?
- extension language: custom
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, Macintosh
- organization/author:
- Frame Technology Corp.
- 1010 Rincon Circle
- San Jose CA 95131
- USA
- +1 408 433 1928
-
- Frame Technology International Ltd.
- Unit 52 Airways Industrial Estate
- Cloghran
- Dublin 17
- Ireland
- +353 1 42 95 66
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Infinitor
- version:
- implementation language: C?
- extension language: TPL
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: IBM PC
- organization/author:
- Agranat Systems
- P.O. Box 191
- Weston MA 02193
- USA
- +1 617 893 7868
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Interleaf
- version: 5
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC, Macintosh
- organization/author:
- Interleaf, Inc
- Prospect Place
- 9 Hillside Ave
- Waltham MA 02154
- USA
- +1 617 290 0710
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Mince (Mince Is Not Complete Emacs) / PerfectWriter / The
- FinalWord / FinalWordII
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: none / key rebinding only / key rebinding only/ custom
- scope of implementation: command / command / command / extensible
- hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, CP/M
- organization/author:
- Mark of the Unicorn, Inc.
- 222 Third Street
- Cambridge MA 02139
- USA
- +1 617 576 2760
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Multics Emacs
- version:
- implementation language: PL/1
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: Honeywell Multics
- organization:
- Bernard Greenberg
- Honeywell Bull
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: PMATE, ZMATE
- version: PMATE (DOS) 4.0, PMATE (CP/M) 3.21, ZMATE (CP/M, Z-System) 1.0
- implementation language: assembly language (not needed to use editors)
- extension language: MATE macro language (TECO-like)
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, CP/M, Z-System
- organization/author:
- original by Michael Aronson (MATE = Michael Aronson's Text Editor)
- ZMATE version by Bridger Mitchell and Jay Sage
- ZMATE available from:
- Sage Microsystems East
- 1435 Centre Strt
- Newton MA 02159-2469
- USA
- +1 617 965 3552
- (Availability of PMATE for the PC is not certain at this time. Sage
- Microsystems may be able to offer it.)
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Sage Professional Editor
- version:
- implementation language: C?
- extension language: custom, C- and Awk-like
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: IBM PC
- organization/author:
- Sage Software, Inc.
- 1700 NW 167th Pl
- Beaverton OR 97006
- USA
- +1 503 645 1150
- fax +1 503 645 4576
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Slick
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: Slick extension language, REXX-like
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: IBM PC
- organization/author:
- MicroEdge Inc.
- P.O. Box 2367
- Fairfax VA 22031
- USA
- +1 703 670 4575
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: SPE Editor
- version:
- implementation language: Lisp
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX
- organization/author:
- Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- 2550 Garcia Ave
- Mountain View CA 94043
- USA
- +1 415 960 1300
- TLX 37 29639
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Sprint (in some countries 'Esprit')
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: custom
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: IBM PC
- organization/author:
- Borland International
- 1800 Green Hills Rd
- Scotts Valley CA 95067
- USA
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Sys-IX Editor
- version:
- implementation language: C?
- extension language: macro
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, IBM PC
- organization/author:
- System-IX (Networks) Ltd.
- 55 Bedford Court Mansions
- Bedford Avenue
- London WC1B 3AD
- UK
- +44 71 636 8210
- fax +44 71 255 1038
-
- G.W. Computers Inc.
- 4 Eagle Square
- East Boston MA 02128
- USA
- +1 617 569 5990
- fax +1 617 567 2981
- note: may not be Emacs
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: Unipress Emacs
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: MLisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC
- organization/author:
- Unipress Software Inc
- 2025 Lincoln Hwy
- Edison NJ 08817
- USA
- +1 201 287 2100
- fax +1 201 287 4929
- telex 709418
- note: was Gosling's Emacs
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: VOS Emacs
- version: 10
- implementation language: PL/I
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: modified command set
- hardware requirements: Stratus XA, IBM System/88 or Olivetti CPS-32 computer
- software requirements: VOS operating system
- organization/author:
- Stratus Computer Inc.
- 55 Fairbanks Blvd
- Marlboro MA 01752
- USA
- +1 508 460 2000
- telex (294112) ANSBK STRA UR
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: ZMACS
- version:
- implementation language: Lisp
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: Symbolics
- organization/author:
- Symbolics, Inc.
- 8 New England Executive Park
- Burlington MA 01803
- USA
- +1 617 221 1000
- +1 800 533 7629
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- name: ZMACS (TI Explorer Emacs)
- version:
- implementation language: Lisp
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: Explorer
- organization/author:
- Texas Instruments
- 12501 Research Blvd
- Austin TX 78759
- USA
- +1 512 250 7111
- +1 800 232 3200
- fax +1 512 250 6522
- not free, contact vendor for price information
-
-
- ---------- Implementations That Are No Longer Available ----------
-
- name: EINE (EINE is not Emacs (the first known recursive acronym)),
- ZWEI (Zwei Was Eine, Initially (the author knew German)),
- DREI (Drei Really Eine Inside)
- version:
- implementation language: Lisp
- extension language: Lisp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: Lisp Machine
- organization/author:
- MIT
- USA
- no longer available
-
-
- name: FINE (Fine Is Not Emacs)
- version:
- implementation language: BLISS
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: PDP-10
- organization/author:
- Mike Kazar
- Carnegie Mellon University
- USA
- no longer available
-
-
- name: NMODE ("New MODE"?), predecessor may be EMODE
- version:
- implementation language: PSL, Common LIsp
- extension language: PSL, Common LIsp
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: HP series 9000
- organization/author:
- Hewlett-Packard
- old symbolic languages group?
- no longer available
-
-
- name: TORES (Text ORiented Editing System)
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: UNIX
- organization/author:
- Jeffrey Schiller
- MIT
- USA
- no longer available
-
-
- name: PD Forthmacs System Editor
- version:
- implementation language: Forth?
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: Atari?
- organization/author:
- Bradley Software
- no longer available
-
-
- name: tv (aka otv, SINE (SINE is not EINE (the first known
- doubly-recursive acronym)))
- version:
- implementation language: PL/1
- extension language: SINE (Lisp-like)
- scope of implementation: extensible
- hardware/software requirements: MagicSix on Perkin-Elmer 3200 series
- organization/author:
- Owen "Ted" Anderson
- MIT Architecture Machine Group
- USA
- no longer available
-
-
- name: ue
- version:
- implementation language: ?
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: Atari ST
- organization/author:
- pm@cwru.edu
- no longer available
- Part of Gulam a public-domain shell.
-
-
- name: VINE (Vine Is Not Emacs)
- version:
- implementation language: Fortran (!)
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: VMS
- organization/author:
- Craig Finseth
- Texas Instruments
- Dallas TX
- USA
- no longer available
-
-
- name: none
- version:
- implementation language: C
- extension language: none
- scope of implementation: command set
- hardware/software requirements: HLH Orions
- organization/author:
- Steven Zimmerman
- no longer available
- Dated 1983. Described as a "distant descendant of the one written by
- Warren Montgomery at Bell Labs. Might be an early, non-commercial
- version of CCA Emacs.
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu rec.games.empire:8636 news.answers:3921
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!tamsun.tamu.edu!bcm!cs.utexas.edu!sdd.hp.com!spool.mu.edu!agate!swindle.Berkeley.EDU!jeffw
- From: jeffw@swindle.Berkeley.EDU (Jeff Wallace)
- Newsgroups: rec.games.empire,news.answers
- Subject: versions of empire -- monthly posting
- Supersedes: <empvers_717933985@xcf.Berkeley.EDU>
- Followup-To: rec.games.empire
- Date: 6 Nov 1992 09:46:27 GMT
- Organization: University of California, Berkeley
- Lines: 641
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Distribution: world
- Expires: 1 Mar 1993 09:47:32 GMT
- Message-ID: <empvers_721043252@xcf.Berkeley.EDU>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: swindle.berkeley.edu
- Summary: summary of empire versions
-
- Archive-name: empire-versions
-
- v e r s i o n s o f e m p i r e
-
- There are many games that go by the name of empire. Here are the
- details on some of them... Also some other games that empire players
- might be interested in.
-
- name: BSD Empire
- version: 1.1 patch5
- how to get: ftp out of pub/games/empire/bsd on ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU
- history: Starting with UCSD Empire 0.9.10, the source code was
- cleaned up and reorganized by Dave Pare and the Experimental
- Computing Facility (XCF) of U C Berkeley. Since then,
- development has continued under the guidance of Dave Pare.
- features: + multiplayer
- + fixed update times
- + internet server based
- + planes, nukes, satellites, ships, market, distribute
- + hexmap
- + actively supported
- limits: 256 players, 1024x1024 world
- cpu impact: very little per player
- os required: BSD, SunOS [34].*, HP-UX, Domain 10.2, AIX 2.2.1, Ultrix, DYNIX
- contact: Dave Pare <mr-frog@scam.Berkeley.EDU>
- updated: 3-13-91
-
- name: xemp (4.09)
- what: X11 based intelligent client for BSD Empire 1.1pl5 (KSU mods)
- who: Henk-Jan Visscher (hjvissc@cs.vu.nl)
- where: ftp xemp-4.09.tar.Z out of pub/xemp on star.cs.vu.nl
-
- name: tcemp (4.09)
- what: curses based intelligent client for BSD Empire 1.1pl5 (KSU mods)
- who: Henk-Jan Visscher (hjvissc@cs.vu.nl)
- where: ftp xemp-4.09.tar.Z out of pub/xemp on star.cs.vu.nl
- note: datafiles from xemp & tcemp can be used together.
-
- name: empire.el release 2.d (GEET)
- what: intelligent BSD Empire client under GNU Emacs
- who: Lynn Slater <lrs@indetech.com>
- where: from author, or ftp GEET-2d.tar.Z from
- pub/Games/Empire/tools/player on ftp.cis.ksu.edu
- notes: write to gnurus-info-request@indetech.com
-
- name: EIF (Empire InterFace)
- what: simple empire client with variables, history, and aliases
- who: Doug Hay <dhay@swen2.waterloo.edu>
- where: ftp eif.1.0.1.tar.Z from pub/Games/Empire/clients
- on ftp.cis.ksu.edu
-
- name: empire.pl
- what: a perl interface to empire
- who: William Setzer <setzer@math.ncsu.edu>
- where: from author
-
- name: Empire Client 1.10 for VMS / Empire Tool 1.10 for VMS
- what: Client and maintenance tool (auto- explore, move, dist etc.)
- who: Kari Hurtta <hurtta@cc.Helsinki.FI>
- where: ftp PUBLIC_DISK:<PUBLIC.VAX.GAMES-ETC.EMPIRECLIENT> from
- hylka.Helsinki.FI
- notes: requires Multinet TCP/IP
-
- name: Original VAX/VMS Internet Empire Client for VAX/VMS version 2.4
- what: clone of Unix client, with macros, but less redirection.
- who: Mike Kienenberger <fsmlk1@acad3.alaska.edu>
- where: ftp out of pub/games/empire/bsd on ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU
- notes: Runs and compiles under Multinet, Wollengong, and UCX TCP/IP
-
- name: lrsland, lrsore
- what: versions of the land & ore programs -- EarthSea style worlds
- who: Lynn Slater <lrs@indetech.com>
- where: from author
-
- name: User's Guide to Empire
- what: A instruction booklet for BSD Empire players
- who: Geoff Cashman <cashman@silver.ucs.indiana.edu>
- where: from author or ftp from ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU
-
- name: ve
- what: curses empire data viewer.
- where: from UCB Empire client distribution
-
- name: BSD Empire -- KSU distribution
- version: 1.04
- how to get: ftp from hp5.mcs.kent.edu
- history: the "Kent State" mods add features to BSD Empire 1.1 patch5.
- features: + abms
- + conventional asats
- + many bugs fixed, some introduced
- contact: Brian Odeen <odeen@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu>,
- Jeff Bailey <bailey@hp5.mcs.kent.edu>
- updated: 1-27-92
-
- name: BSD Empire -- Kansas distribution
- version: Empire Release 1.2 or 1.1.6 Which ever
- how to get: ftp from ftp.cis.ksu.edu or procyon.cis.ksu.edu
- history: Karl S. Hagen has tried to improve on BSD Empire 1.1p5;
- making the game more fun, but keeping it basically the
- same.
- features: + code clean up: all constants taken out of lib
- + code clean up: new options.h file
- + more powerful ships, towers, separate channel for announce
- + updated documentation
- os required: now runs on SystemV (r3.1 and above)
- contact: Karl S. Hagen <greyhelm@harris.cis.ksu.edu>
- updated: 11-6-91
-
- name: BSD Empire
- version: 2.1
- how to get: under development
- history: Starting from BSD Empire 1.1.5, Dave Pare has continued to
- evolve his very popular concept of empire. His latest version
- eliminates many micro-management aspects of the game and
- provides a binary-only client interface to the empire server.
- features: + multiplayer, hexmap, internet server based
- + planes, nukes, satellites, ships, market, distribute
- + screen-based standard client with TCL and built-in database
- + fixed update times
- + military effectiveness
- + behind-the-scenes market
- + military defense pacts
- + actively supported, but still in early release stages
- limits: 256 players, 1024x1024 world
- cpu impact: very little per player
- os required: BSD, SunOS [34].*, HP-UX, Domain 10.2, AIX 2.2.1, Ultrix, DYNIX
- contact: Dave Pare <mr-frog@scam.Berkeley.EDU>
- updated: 10-01-92
-
- name: UCSD Empire
- version: 0.9.34
- how to get: ftp out of pub/games/empire/ucsd on ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU
- history: Starting with PSL Empire 2/26/85, Dave Pare, Keith
- Muller, and Jim Reuter decompiled PSL's object
- files and redesigned the process model. Later, David
- Muir Sharnoff coordinated work on the code by many people.
- features: + multiplayer
- + fixed update times
- + internet server based
- + planes, nukes, ships, market, distribute
- + hexmap
- limits: 32 players, 256x256 world
- cpu impact: small
- os required: BSD Unix, DYNIX, SunOS, BSD, HP-UX
- contact: David Muir Sharnoff <muir@cogsci.Berkeley.EDU>
-
- name: vx
- what: screen-based empire client for UCSD Empire based on ve.
- where: from UCSD Empire distribution
- note: not very robust
-
- name: vfix
- what: screen-based empire diety database manipulation tool
- who: Nick Lai
- where: from UCSD Empire distribution
- note: no documentation
-
- name: Buck Empire
- version: Export Empire - Version of August 9, 1988
- how to get: send email to John Buck
- history: John Buck enhanced and debugged PSL Empire starting
- from version 3/29/86.
- features: + multiplayer
- + individual updates
- + ships, nukes, market
- + hexmap
- + nominal sector locking
- + supported
- restriction: requires unix source license due to C-library routines that
- have been modified, but are included
- cpu impact: minimal, depends on number of players
- limits: 32 players, only 128x128 worlds
- os required: Unix (BSD or USG), no sockets needed
- hardware: even runs on AT&T 3B series machines
- there WERE "unsigned char" problems
- contact: John Buck <john@polyof.poly.edu>
-
- name: PSL Empire
- version: 3/29/86
- how to get: ftp out of pub/games/empire/psl on ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU
- history: Written by Peter Langston long ago. This is the version of
- empire that started it all. It was distributed in binary
- form for many years. A few files are missing from this copy.
- features: + multiplayer
- + individual updates
- + ships
- + hexmap
- limits: 32 players, 128x128 world
- cpu impact: large
- os required: Unix
- contact: David Muir Sharnoff <muir@cogsci.Berkeley.EDU>
-
- name: Old Empire
- version: 1.3 (January 1991)
- how to get: unknown, talk to Tom Fisher
- history: Is based on Tom Fisher's decompilation, porting, and
- extensive bug fixing of an OLD (1978) 11/70 PSL Empire.
- Still played actively by those preferring simpler game.
- features: + multiplayer
- + individual updates
- + plane (one type) & ships
- + square map
- + simple (no oil, food, morale, nukes, light/heavy industry)
- cpu impact: small
- os required: Unix
- limits: 32 countries, 128x128, 32767 ships
- contact: Tom Fisher <tsf@druhi.att.com>
- updated: 1-25-91
-
- name: eupd, ehelp, ecre
- vers: 1.2
- what: Old Empire playing aids
- + eupd - gathers intelligence from empire output.
- + ehelp - termcap screen oriented data viewer and
- script generator.
- + ecre - creates parallel sect and ship files to hold
- intelligence gathered by eupd.
- where: unknown, talk to Tom Fisher
- who: Tom Fisher <tsf@druhi.att.com>
-
- name: Galactic Bloodshed
- version: 4.0
- how to get: ftp out of src/games/gb on scam.Berkeley.EDU.
- history: A multiplayer galactic conquest game, kind of a cross between
- Star Trek, Star Wars, and Battlestar Galactica. It evolved
- from Robert Chansky's version .975 originally posted on
- comp.sources.games in April 1989. Currently discussed
- in alt.games.gb.
- features: + multiplayer, internet-server based.
- + player alliance blocks
- + many star systems with unique planetary geologies
- + customized ship design
- + under development (but well-established)
- + exploration, terraforming, communication, co-existence,
- + land/space combat, treaties, tactical & strategic operations
- limits: 31 players (soon to be 63)
- cpu impact: very small
- os required: 4.3 BSD Unix, also works on SunOS.
- contact: Garrett van Cleef <vancleef@ohstpy.mps.ohio-state.edu>
- updated: 10-1-92
-
- name: GB_client
- what: Alternate client
- who: Robert Chansky <robertc@sco.COM>
- where: ftp out of {GB,tmp}/GB_client.shar on acf8.nyu.edu
-
- name: conquer
- version: 4, patchlevel 10
- how to get: comp.sources.games or ftp out of conquer/ on bu-cs.bu.edu
- history: A multiplayer fantasy wargame written from scratch by Ed
- Barlow and released to comp.sources.games. Not really empire,
- but close enough to be easily understood by those used to
- empire. Currently supported by co-author Adam Bryant who
- has been working with conquer for well over two years.
- features: + multiplayer
- + multiple scenarios (with multiple administrators)
- + screen based user interface
- + rectangular map
- + magical powers, spells
- + large variety of unit types
- limits: 256x256 world
- cpu impact: medium to large
- os required: Almost any Unix (SunOS, SysV, Xenix, Mach, HP-UX, etc...)
- contact: Adam Bryant <adb@bu-cs.bu.edu>
- updated: 2-15-91
-
- name: conquer
- version: 5.0 beta patchlevel 16
- how to get: ftp out of conquer/beta/ on cs.bu.edu
- history: Version 5 is a complete rewrite of conquer by Adam
- Bryant. The rewrite was done to allow the use of better
- internal structures and data fields. Many 4.x
- limitations were removed and much of the program was
- expanded. [Some code still non-functional as of 4/22/91]
- Prospective release date: summer '91.
- features: + multiplayer
- + multiple campaigns (with multiple administrators and configs)
- + full-screen user interface
- + rectangular or hexagonal map
- + magical powers and spells, per-nation coordinates
- + large variety of unit types
- + 3 zoom levels of map display
- + economic and social simulation
- + materials stored in cities and economy based on local region
- + configurable skill levels for different campaigns
- + updates
- limits: limits determined by machine ability; max nations
- and max map size can be limited to save space.
- cpu impact: low to medium
- os required: All Unix and VMS systems
- contact: Adam Bryant <adb@cs.bu.edu>
- updated: 4-22-91
-
- name: Dominion
- version: 1.06
- how to get: ftp pub/dominion-1.06beta from max.physics.sunysb.edu, or
- retrieve from any comp.sources.games archive (volume 13).
- history: Dominion, formerly Stony Brook World, has features from
- role-playing games, educational games, and war games.
- Dominion was developed at SUNY at Stony Brook by
- a group of physics, computer science and other students during
- spring/summer 1990. Dominion was inspired by conquer. A
- network version is undergoing testing, to participate, send
- mail to brown@dirac.physics.sunysb.edu.
- features: + multiplayer
- + infrequent updates (no real-time play)
- + character development
- + economic simulation
- + military magic and technology
- + actively supported
- + text-based world, types and parameter specification
- limits: (?) >=40 players
- os required: Unix (V.2, V.3), SunOS 4.1; version 1.0 was ported to the Amiga
- contact: Mark Galassi <rosalia@max.physics.sunysb.edu>
- updated: 2-13-92
-
- name: The Broken Throne
- version: 1.13
- how to get: from a comp.sources.games archive.
- history: Written by Tom Boutell, started as a BBS game in interpreted
- BASIC, then as a pilot PBM project; Unix C version begun 11/90.
- features: + multiplayer, internet server based
- + fast paced, short (5-60min), brutal games.
- + curses interface
- + 7 terrain types, can convert towns to cities ...
- + simple
- + optional robot player
- + actively supported, author-coordinated games & upgrades
- limits: 6 players, 16x16 map.
- cpu impact: Minimal for both client and server. Static in size.
- os required: Unix with Internet sockets.
- contact: Tom Boutell <boutell@freezer.it.udel.edu>.
- updated: 2-21-92
-
- name: xconq
- version: 5.5b2
- how to get: comp.sources.games from about 7/88 (5.1)
- ftp from ftp.uu.net (5.5b2)
- history: Written by Stan Shebs, hacked by many, rewrite/redesign
- currently in progress
- features: + multiplayer with simultaneous play
- + short games
- + X11 or curses user interface
- + multiple scenarios / extensible
- + hexmap
- + robot players
- limits: 7 players, 31 unit types, 15 terrain types, 32767 units
- cpu impact: small
- os required: Unix
- contact: Stan Shebs <shebs@apple.com>
- mailing list: xconq@ftp.uu.net
- updated: 9-20-91
-
- name: mxconq (xconq 5.1M)
- what: play by email version of xconq 5.1
- who: Brent Allsop <allsop@hpfcso.FC.HP.COM>
- where: from alt.sources or author
- notes: take your turn, mail the data to the next players ...
-
- name: xbattle
- version: patchlevel 0
- how to get: comp.sources.x (v13)
- history: Written by Steve Lehar at Boston University
- features: + two teams
- + short, simple games
- + only one unit type
- + multiple strategic scenarios
- + supported
- limits: compiled in boardsize (16, square), and number of players (10)
- cpu impact: unknown
- os required: Unix
- contact: Steve Lehar <slehar@park.bu.edu>
- updated: 7-17-91
-
- name: Amiga Empire
- version: 2.2w
- how-to-get: from any Comp.binaries.amiga archive.
- history: It started with Chris Gray playing PSL Empire many years ago.
- He Decided to re-implement it for the Amiga, based on the docs.
- This is the promised new version, updated by Dave Wright.
- features: + multiplayer
- + individual update times
- + planes, ships, news, etc.
- + PD "helper" programs becoming available
- + actively supported
- + compatible with Amiga multi-user BBS systems
- limits: 45 players, 256 x 256 world, square power-of-two world
- Simultaneous players limited only by the number of ports.
- cpu impact: light for dial-in players, light to heavy for host machine
- os required: AmigaDos, 1.1 or higher. 512K RAM needed, more is better
- contact: Chris Gray <...!alberta!ami-cg!cg>
- CompuServe: 74007,1165 (checked every couple weeks only)
- Also: David Wright <davewt@NCoast.ORG>
- updated: 2-7-91
-
- name: Cosmic Conquest
- version: 1.35
- how to get: Fishdisks or any major amiga PD software ftp site
- history: Invented in the late 80's by Carl Edman. Inspired by an
- earlier version of the game called "Conquest," author unknown.
- features: + multiplayer (mix of human and various robotic)
- + planets, stars
- + around 30 ship types
- + economy
- + colonization
- + multi-colored mainly point-and-click user interface
- limits: 4 players, 20x20 world, 20 stars (up to 10 planets)
- cpu impact: small, discounting robotic players
- os required: Amiga
- contact: Carl Edman <cedman@golem.ps.uci.edu>
- updated: 2-6-91
-
- name: Space
- version: ?
- how to get: ftp space.tar.Z from ncgia.ucsb.edu
- history: just released by its author, Richard A. Johnson
- features: + one galaxy per internet
- + 3D realtime space warfare
- + X11 interface
- + 10,000 stars and 100 planets
- + planet ownership and docking
- + torpedos, phasers, mines
- limits: ?
- cpu impact: ?
- os required: ?
- contact: Richard A. Johnson <raj@ncgia.ucsb.edu>
- updated: 6-9-91
-
- name: GS Empire for the PC
- version: 1.49
- how to get: contact author by US Mail: PO Box 18213 /
- San Jose, CA 95158; by phone: 408/264-6105 (6-9pm or
- weekends, ask for Gordon); by email; or by anonymous
- ftp from wuarchive.wustl.edu
- history: Based on his experience with PSL-derived unix empires,
- Gordon Storga wrote a PC version of empire. It is now
- available as shareware ($20). A network (LAN) version
- is planned.
- features: + multiplayer (though not simultaneous)
- + various units & sector types
- + commodities market
- + screen based
- limits: 7 players, 96x96 world
- os required: MS DOS on PC, XT, 286, 386, clones...
- contact: Gordon Storga <gordons@coopsol.com>
- <gordons@netcom.netcom.com>
- updated: 10-01-92
-
- name: C Empire
- version: (?)
- how to get: ftp games/empire[1-6].ar.Z from ftp.uu.net
- history: based on the VMS Empire, Chuck Simmons recoded in C.
- features: + single player
- + rectangular map
- cpu impact: large
- os required: Unix
- contact: Chuck Simmons / 1250 E. Arques Ave MS 269 / Box 3470
- Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3470
-
- name: VMS Empire
- how to get: you can get a binary from from DECUS or ftp newempire.exe
- from tranya.cpac.washington.edu
- (I don't know where the source can currently be found.
- An update would be appreciated. -- jeffw)
- history: Written by Walter Bright (bright@dataio.data-io.com)
- features: + single player
- + screen based interface
- + written in fortran
- os required: VMS
- cpu impact: large
- contact: ???
- updated: 10-02-92
-
- name: Empire Master
- version: 2.0
- how to get: Christopher Eliot / P.O. Box 371 / Leeds, MA 01053,
- the principle author will sell it to you by mail for
- base price of $25, or $18 for students, and +$5 for
- overseas air mail, and +$5 for the rules editor. Prices
- good through July '92. Demo version on sumex-aim:/info-mac
- history: Development started by accident. Was originally called
- "Empire Builder," but that infringed on another's
- trademark. The implementation is not based upon any
- previous code. Source is not available.
- features: + technology levels and supplies
- + 16 unit types (nukes, missiles, fuel)
- + fancy, programmable, scalable, windowed interface
- + auto-explore, auto-patrol, independent distribution paths
- + optimized for playing strategy, not micromanagement
- limits: 2 players, 255x255 world
- os required: Macintosh, system 7 and appletalk required for two machine play
- contact: Chris Eliot <eliot@cs.umass.edu>
- updated: 11-19-91
-
- name: Strategic Conquest
- version: 3.0
- how to get: Buy it from your neighborhood Macintosh store.
- history: ? Currently distributed by Delta Tao
- features: + 1-2 players using 1-2 macs
- + sound effects
- + stacking
- + strategic bomber (?)
- limits: 2 players, small map, fixed types of pieces
- os required: Macintosh, Apple ][
- contact: Delta Tao, 760 Harvard, Sunnyvale, CA 94087. (408) 730-9336
- updated: 11-19-91
-
- name: Spaceword Ho
- version: 1.1.2
- how to get: Buy it from your neighborhood Macintosh store.
- history: A space opera wargame written by Peter Commons, distributed
- by Delta Tao.
- features: + start on a home planet
- + build fleets using metal and money
- + design your own ships as technology rises
- + good graphics and sound
- + multiple players over appletalk
- limits: 10 human players + 10 computer players, 32-182 planets
- os required: Macintosh
- contact: Delta Tao, 760 Harvard, Sunnyvale, CA 94087. (408) 730-9336
- updated: 11-19-91
-
- name: Empire 'Wargame of the Century'
- version: 3.01
- how to get: buy it in a computer store.
- history: A commercial game based on Walter Bright's work. Improved
- by Mark Baldwin. Very similar to VMS Empire. Published by
- Interstel; distributed by Electronic Arts.
- features: + multi-player (not simultaneous)
- + square map
- + very simple (6 ships, 1 land unit, 1 plane, no economy)
- + decent computer players
- limits: 3 players (any combo of human and computer)
- os required: MS DOS, Atari ST, Amiga, Apple ][.
- contact: Interstel
- updated: 10-18-91
-
- name: Global Conquest
- version: 2.0
- how to get: buy it in a computer store; ftp GCV20.EXE (or .ZIP)
- from ftp.uu.net or download from CompuServe
- history: Designed by Dan Bunten and distributed by Microplay, a
- division of Microprose.
- features: + 4 players (computer or human)
- + human players can share the computer or play by modem
- limits: + multiple terrain types, multiple military types
- + synchronous, simultaneous multi-phase turns
- + multiple scenerios
- os required: MS-DOS
- contact: Microplay Software, MicroProse Software, Inc.
- 180 Lakefront Drive, Hunt Valley, MD 21030-2245
- (410) 771-1151
- updated: 10-01-92
-
- name: Lost Admiral
- version: ?
- how to get: mail order from Electronic Boutique, Chips and Bits
- (800) 753-GAME or JCL Services (714) 680-3420, and from
- Egghead soon.
- history: A navy strategy and tactics game, designed by Bruce Williams
- Zaccagnino, distributed by Quantum Quality Productions Inc.
- features: + 1-2 players, synchronous play, computer player is very good
- + 9 scenarios
- + victory points, ship building, and money
- + difficulty levels
- limits: two players, eight ship types
- os required: MS-DOS ?
- contact: ?
- updated: 10-19-91
-
- name: The Perfect General
- version: ?
- history: A tank and infantry game, written by Mark Baldwin, distributed
- by Quantum Quality Productions Inc.
- features: ?
- limits: ?
- os required: ?
- contact: ?
- updated: 10-19-91
-
- name: Sid Meier's Civilization
- version: 1.0
- how to get: From you favorite neighborhood PC software store.
- history: Borrows ideas from Civilization board game and other empire
- style games.
- features: + single player
- + economic and technological development
- + cities, wonders of the world, disasters
- + military
- os required: MSDOS 3.3, 550k ram; amiga and soon Macintosh.
- contact: ?
- updated: 1-20-92
-
- name: Xerox Development Environment (XDE) Empire
- version: 1.0
- how to get: have to have access to the Xerox network:
- [Maya1:Henr801C:Xerox]Heiny/Public/Empire/Empire.bcd
- [Eagle:ES Public:Xerox]LBennett/Empire/Empire.man
- [Eagle:ES Public:Xerox]LBennett/Empire/Host.bcd
- history: Leif Bennett took a Unix version on ported it to XDE.
- features: + multiplayer
- + fixed update times
- + internet server based
- + planes, ships, market, distribute
- + square map
- + actively supported
- + a complete window environment
- + all commands are available by clicking with mouse
- limits: 128 players, 256x256 world
- cpu impact: mild
- os required: currently only runs on Xerox workstations
- updated: 10-01-92
-
- name: HP Empire
- version: 1.9 or 2.0
- how to get: There is a version on the user group distribution tape for HP.
- or contact randy@atc.boeing.com
- history: A derivative of the granddaddy of all empires - Civilization -
- which was written at Evergreen State College by PSL, Ben Norton,
- 'Moo' and several others around 1972-3. This version runs on
- HP MPE machines and is written in HP PASCAL.
- features: + multiplayer
- + fixed update times
- + no market, no gold
- + coordinates are strict x,y up to 999x999
- limits: 999x999 world, 999 players
- cpu impact: heavy
- os required: HP MPE
- updated: 10-01-92
-
-
- Dave Sharnoff is no longer maintaining this list.
- Please send corrections and additions to jeffw@scam.Berkeley.EDU
-
- -- Jeff W
-
- P.S. The old BBN archive server is closed. The largest empire archives
- are on ftp.cis.ksu.edu and ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU.
- --
- Jeff Wallace, Experimental Computing Facility (XCF), U.C. Berkeley
- Internet: jeffw@scam.Berkeley.EDU UUCP:...!ucbvax!scam!jeffw
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu gnu.epoch.misc:1882 news.answers:4619
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!xn.ll.mit.edu!ames!olivea!uunet!brunix!brunix!dbc
- From: dbc@cs.brown.edu (Brook Conner)
- Newsgroups: gnu.epoch.misc,news.answers
- Subject: Epoch Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Summary: Epoch FAQ for Oct '92
- Keywords: Epoch FAQ
- Message-ID: <1992Dec15.195917.28483@cs.brown.edu>
- Date: 15 Dec 92 19:59:17 GMT
- Sender: news@cs.brown.edu
- Reply-To: dbc.epoch-faq@cs.brown.edu
- Followup-To: poster
- Organization: Brown University Department of Computer Science
- Lines: 1348
- Approved: news-answers-request@mit.edu
-
- Archive-name: epoch-faq
- Last-modified: Fri Oct 16 14:44:54 EDT 1992
- Version: 2.0
- Posting-frequency: bimonthly
-
- * Epoch FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
- * (or at least Occasionally Wondered-About Questions)
-
- * Maintained by Brook Conner (dbc.epoch-faq@cs.brown.edu)
- * Last Modified Fri Oct 16 14:45:31 EDT 1992
- * by Brook Conner (dbc.epoch-faq@cs.brown.edu)
-
- If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs buffer, you can type
- "M-2 C-x $" to get an overview of just the questions. Then, when
- you want to look at the text of the answers, just type "C-x $".
-
- To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by
- a C-r if that doesn't work; type ESC to end the search.
-
- !! The latest version of this file will be always available via anonymous
- !! FTP to ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu in /outgoing/marca/epoch or cs.uiuc.edu in
- !! /pub/epoch-files/epoch
-
- Please feel free to send comments, suggestions, additions, and
- corrections to dbc.epoch-faq@cs.brown.edu
-
- * === REALLY IMPORTANT NOTE ===
-
- Unless otherwise attributed, information below is based only on Yours
- Truly's use and experience with Epoch and is BY NO MEANS GUARANTEED to
- be correct, complete, or even coherent. If it works for you, great;
- if it doesn't, let me know, but there are no guarantees.
-
- * === CHANGES IN THIS VERSION OF THE FAQ ===
-
- Here is a list of changes made since the FAQ's last bimonthly
- posting to gnu.epoch.misc and news.answers:
-
- a) No changes.
-
- * === PREREQUISITES ===
-
- In the answers that follow, I assume at least a little familiarity
- with GNU Emacs Lisp. Suggested resources that could be considered
- necessary references for material in this FAQ are:
-
- --> The GNU Emacs and Epoch manuals (available online via C-h i).
-
- --> The GNU Elisp manual (available via anonymous FTP from
- prep.ai.mit.edu (18.71.0.38) as /pub/gnu/elisp-manual-1.03.tar.Z).
-
- --> The gnu.emacs.help FAQ in the file etc/FAQ (the latest version
- is available in the gnu.emacs.help Usenet newsgroup or via FTP from
- pit-manager.mit.edu (18.172.1.27) in /pub/usenet/gnu.emacs.help).
-
- * === CAVEATS ===
-
- Many of the answers given herein APPLY ONLY to Epoch 4.2. I run
- Epoch on SPARCstations, DECstation 5000s, IBM RS/6000s, and HP 700s;
- other configurations may behave differently. Please let me know of
- any such differences.
-
- * === EPOCH AND GNU EMACS ===
-
- A-1: What is Epoch?
-
- Epoch is GNU Emacs on steroids: an adaptation of GNU Emacs with lots
- of additional support for features made possible by the X11
- windowing system. These features include multiple editing windows,
- arbitrary colors and fonts (fixed-width and proportional),
- selectable zones per buffer with arbitrary display styles (font,
- color, underline, stipple, pixmap), an optional separate minibuffer
- window, improved keyboard and mouse handling, full 8-bit character
- set support, and more.
-
- Epoch, like GNU Emacs, is very customizable; much of this FAQ
- describes ways to customize Epoch for specific purposes.
-
- A-2: How can I get Epoch?
-
- Epoch is available via anonymous FTP to cs.uiuc.edu (128.174.252.1)
- in pub/epoch-files/epoch. The main file of interest is currently
- epoch-4.2.tar.Z.
-
- According to Simon Marshall (S.Marshall@sequent.cc.hull.ac.uk):
-
- Like GNU & X11 stuff, epoch is available in the UK from
- uk.ac.ic.doc.src (00000510200001). You can log on; there's help to
- tell you the different ways of getting source. Epoch is in
- /gnu/epoch.
-
- Epoch is also available from aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de (134.95.132.2)
- in /gnu/emacs/epoch.
-
- Volunteers for other FTP sites outside the United States, or for
- mail access to Epoch source, please step forward.
-
- A-3: What is the latest version of Epoch?
-
- The latest version is 4.2. Previous versions still in use by some
- people include 4.0 patchlevels 0,1, and 2, 4.1, the 4.0 alpha and
- beta levels, and version 3.2.
-
- Epoch 4.2 is based on GNU Emacs 18.58, which is the most recent
- version of GNU Emacs.
-
- Existing installations of Epoch 4.1 should be upgraded to 4.2 as
- soon as possible.
-
- A-4: I recently moved to Epoch 4.0b0 (or later), and elisp code that
- worked before has stopped working. Why?
-
- In one of the beta versions of epoch, the term "button" was replaced
- by the term "zone". The idea was, "button" was misleading (since it
- refered to a mouse button or a pushbutton as well). It didn't
- really describe Epoch's attributed text.
-
- As a consequence, the names of all the button-related function names
- and variables were changed. There are two ways to deal with this
- change:
-
- METHOD #1:
-
- Put the following command at the head of each file of elisp code
- that uses buttons:
-
- (require 'button)
-
- (This simply does a series of fset's to replace the "button" names
- with the new "zone" names.)
-
- METHOD #2:
-
- Convert all references of "button" to "zone". You can use the
- function convert-current-buffer in epoch-lisp/convert-buttons.el
- (in the Epoch distribution) to do this automatically.
-
- NOTE: There may be additional problems; in particular, since
- attributes were eliminated in Epoch 4.0, any use of them will have
- to be eliminated also. This is less simple than switching from
- buttons to zones. Fortunately, most Epoch packages on the net now
- support 4.0. Therefore, I won't bother to come up with an answer
- for this one (unless someone actually needs to know).
-
- A-5: I recently moved to a newer version of Epoch, and my X resources
- are suddenly being ignored. Why?
-
- Old versions of Epoch extracted its X default resources from
- the user's .Xdefaults file by hand; this is no longer the case. If
- Epoch isn't picking up resources like previous versions did on your
- system, prior to starting Epoch do this:
-
- xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xdefaults
-
- This makes the X server's database pick up and maintain all of the
- resource definitions found in $HOME/.Xdefaults.
-
- Alternatively, you can use the '-ud' command line flag to force
- Epoch to manually scan $HOME/.Xdefaults.
-
- A second problem is that Epoch uses the first word in the command
- that executed Epoch (argument 0) to search the X resource database
- for Epoch resources. Thus, if you invoke Epoch with the name:
-
- epoch-4.2
-
- ...Epoch will use the string 'epoch-4.2' to search the resource
- database, thereby missing the resources specified by the name
- 'epoch'. The workaround is to use the '-name' or '-rn' command-line
- option like so:
-
- epoch-4.2 -name epoch
-
- or:
-
- epoch-4.2 -rn epoch
-
- Using -name is more recommended, as it is a sort-of standard option
- among X applications (most X Toolkit applications support it).
-
- [From Martin Boyer (mboyer@ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca).]
-
- A-6: What's the difference between Epoch and GNU Emacs version 19?
-
- To quote directly from the GNU 'status' file (obtained via anonymous
- FTP to prep.ai.mit.edu (18.71.0.38) as /pub/gnu/status):
-
- -- BEGIN QUOTE -----------------------------------------------------
- Emacs 18 maintenance continues for simple bug fixes. Version 19
- approaches release, counting among its new features before and after
- change hooks, source-level debugging of Emacs Lisp programs, X
- selection processing, including CLIPBOARD selections, scrollbars,
- support for European character sets, floating point numbers,
- per-buffer mouse commands, interfacing with the X resource manager,
- mouse-tracking, lisp-level binding of function keys, and multiple X
- windows (`screens' to emacs).
-
- Thanks go to Alan Carroll and the people who worked on Epoch for
- generating initial feedback to a multi-windowed emacs. Emacs 19
- supports two styles of multiple windows, one with a separate screen
- for the minibuffer, and another with a minibuffer attached to each
- screen.
-
- A couple of other features of Version 19 are buffer allocation, which
- uses a new mechanism capable of returning storage to the system when a
- buffer is killed, and a new input system--all input now arrives in the
- form of Lisp objects.
-
- Other features under consideration for later releases of Version 19
- include:
-
- ** Associating property lists with regions of text in a buffer.
- ** Multiple font, color, and pixmaps defined by those properties.
- ** Different visibility conditions for the regions, and for various
- windows showing one buffer.
- ** Hooks to be run if point or mouse moves outside a certain range.
- ** Incrementally saving undo history in a file, so that recover-file
- also reinstalls buffer's undo history.
- ** Static menu bars, and better pop-up menus.
- -- END QUOTE -------------------------------------------------------
-
- Epoch currently supports much of the new functionality of GNU Emacs
- v19, including some features that apparently won't be immediately
- available in GNU Emacs v19 (notably, associating property lists with
- regions of text, and multiple fonts/colors/pixmaps defined by those
- properties).
-
- A postscript to this answer is a message that Richard Stallman
- (Mr. Gnu himself) posted to gnu.emacs.help in Apr 1992:
-
- -- BEGIN QUOTE -----------------------------------------------------
- Emacs 19 won't support text highlighting, but a later version will.
-
- We have code basically working for attaching arbitrary properties to
- parts of the text, including choice of font and color.
-
- This feature is designed for attributes which are considered part of
- the text itself. What Epoch provides is highlighting that is part
- of the presentation of the text, not logically part of the text itself.
- That is useful also; I hope we will find the wherewithal to implement
- that along with the other highlighting features.
- -- END QUOTE -------------------------------------------------------
-
- There is also a version of Emacs 19 written by Lucid. Called "Lucid
- Emacs", this is something from its README about it:
-
- -- BEGIN QUOTE -----------------------------------------------------
- Lucid GNU Emacs 19.3 is now available. This is a version of GNU
- Emacs derived from an early version of Emacs version 19 from the
- Free Software Foundation.
-
- You can get it via anonymous FTP from the host labrea.Stanford.EDU
- (36.8.0.47). It is currently available only by FTP. We don't have
- the manpower to make tapes right now.
-
- Log in with the user "anonymous" and "username@host" as a password
- (that is, your email address.) Execute the command "cd
- pub/gnu/lucid/". These are the files you will find there:
-
- lemacs-19.3.tar.Z
- The complete source distribution. This file is about 8 megabytes.
- When untarred and uncompressed, the source distribution will take up
- about 20 megs. You will need an additional 12 megs or so to compile it.
-
- lemacs-19.3-sun4.tar.Z
- This is a ready-to-run set of Sun4 executables, and a DOC file. If
- you want to use these executables, you will still need to get the file
- lemacs-19.3.tar.Z, because Emacs cannot function very well without the
- lisp library online. This file is about 1.7 megs, 3.8 megs when
- unpacked, 3 megs of which is the Emacs executable itself (2.1 megs if
- stripped.)
-
- Don't forget to set "binary" mode when transferring these files.
- Unpack them with some variation of the command "zcat
- lemacs-19.3.tar.Z | tar -vxf -".
-
- .... [edit out info on lucid emacs mailing lists] ....
-
- Why Another Version of Emacs?
- =============================
-
- Lucid's latest product, Energize, is a C/C++ development
- environment. Rather than invent (and force our users to learn) a
- new user-interface, we chose to build part of our environment on top
- of the world's best editor, GNU Emacs. (Though our product is
- commercial, the work we did on GNU Emacs is free software, and is
- useful without having to purchase our product.)
-
- We needed a version of Emacs with mouse-sensitive regions, multiple
- fonts, the ability to mark sections of a buffer as read-only, the
- ability to detect which parts of a buffer has been modified, and
- many other features.
-
- Why Not Epoch?
- ==============
-
- For our purposes, the existing version of Epoch was not sufficient;
- it did not allow us to put arbitrary pixmaps/icons in buffers,
- `undo' did not restore changes to regions, regions did not overlap
- and merge their attributes in the way we needed, and several other
- things.
-
- We could have devoted our time to making Epoch do what we needed
- (and, in fact, we spent some time doing that) but, since the FSF
- planned to include Epoch-like features in their version 19, we
- decided that our efforts would be better spent improving Emacs19
- instead of Epoch.
-
- Our original hope was that our changes to Emacs would be
- incorporated into the "official" v19. However, scheduling conflicts
- arose, and we found that, given the amount of work still remaining
- to be done, we didn't have time to merge with the FSF's code.
- Consequently, we have released our work as a forked branch of Emacs,
- instead of delaying any longer.
-
- It seems likely that a merger of Epoch and Lucid Emacs will occur in
- the not-too-distant future.
- -- END QUOTE -------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- * === CONFIGURING EPOCH ===
-
- B-1: How can my .emacs file deal with both GNU Emacs and Epoch?
-
- An easy way to handle both GNU Emacs and Epoch within the same .emacs
- file is to define a variable 'running-epoch' as follows:
-
- (defvar running-epoch (boundp 'epoch::version))
-
- Then, the rest of your .emacs file can look like this:
-
- (if running-epoch
- (progn
- ... [Epoch-specific code here] ...
- ))
-
- ... [Emacs code here] ...
-
- (After this, when I refer to 'your .emacs file', read that as 'the
- Epoch-specific portion of your .emacs file', under the assumption that
- you have both general and Epoch-specific parts as detailed above.)
-
- If you have a large amount of Epoch-specific code it may be better to
- put it in a separate file (e.g., "epoch-specific.el"), possibly
- byte-compile it, then load it from your .emacs file like so:
-
- (if (boundp 'epoch::version) (load "epoch-specific"))
-
- B-2: What if I want to have separate sections for Epoch 3.2 and 4.0 in
- my .emacs file?
-
- The variable 'epoch::version' is a string that contains the current
- Epoch version ID. For instance, evaluating epoch::version under
- Epoch 4.2 gives:
-
- "Epoch 4.2"
-
- A simple way to determine if version 4.x is running is to do something
- like this:
-
- (string-match " 4" epoch::version)
-
- This will result in 't' if the string " 4" is a substring of
- epoch::version (as would be the case when epoch::version is
- "Epoch 4. ..."), and 'nil' otherwise.
-
- B-3: How can I configure Epoch to support full 8-bit character sets?
-
- There are two parts to this: display and input.
-
- Display is handled by the variables "meta-printable" and
- "ctl-arrow". From the documentation string for "meta-printable":
-
- Non-nil means meta characters, that is characters in the range
- 0240..0377, are printable. Nil means display meta chars with
- backslash and octal digits. Automatically becomes local when set in
- any fashion.
-
- From the documentation string for "ctl-arrow":
-
- t means display control chars with uparrow. Nil means use backslash
- and octal digits. Automatically becomes local when set in any
- fashion.
-
- Input is handled by the flag "EIGHTBIT_KEYBOARD", which is set in config.h:
-
- /* Define EIGHTBIT_KEYBOARD if you want keys in range 0240 to 0377
- * to insert corresponding eight-bit characters.
- */
- /* #define EIGHTBIT_KEYBOARD */
-
- Define this flag only if you are using a keyboard with direct
- support for 8-bit characters.
-
- * === WINDOWS ===
-
- C-1: How do I get the minibuffer back at the bottom of my edit window?
-
- Start Epoch with the command-line option '-nm'. Alternately, in your
- general .Xdefaults file, specify:
-
- epoch.nonlocal.minibuf: False
-
- C-2: How do I prevent the initial edit window from appearing? (In
- other words, how do I get only the minibuffer upon startup?)
-
- There is a variable that controls whether or not an initial edit
- window will be provided. By default, of course, one is; to stop this
- from happening, put the following in your .emacs:
-
- (setq inhibit-initial-screen-mapping t)
-
- This will have no effect if you're using local minibuffers (i.e. when
- the minibuffer is a part of each edit window), as described above.
-
- [Thanks to Chris Love (love@cs.uiuc.edu).]
-
- C-3: How do I stop the windows from automatically raising upon entry?
-
- Specify the following in your .emacs file:
-
- (setq auto-raise-screen 'minibuf)
-
- This makes the minibuffer raise when an Epoch edit window is
- entered; if you don't want the minibuffer to raise itself either, do
- the following instead:
-
- (setq auto-raise-screen nil)
-
- C-4: How do I change the cursor?
-
- Another noticeable change from GNU Emacs is the cursor glyph (which is
- a pencil shape). To change this to a more normal-appearing arrow
- shape, put this in your .emacs file:
-
- (cursor-glyph 68)
- (cursor-glyph 68 (epoch::minibuf-screen))
- (push '(cursor-glyph . 68) epoch::screen-properties)
-
- NOTE: You can specify a different cursor glyph for the minibuffer,
- if you like.
-
- There are also X resources for the screen and minibuffer cursor
- glyphs; equivalent to the above elisp code would be the following (in
- your .Xdefaults file):
-
- epoch.screen.cursor.glyph: 68
- epoch.minibuf.cursor.glyph: 68
-
- For either of these approaches, any valid cursor ID number will do; to
- see the available cursors and their ID numbers, take a look at the
- file /usr/include/X11/cursorfont.h.
-
- (See below for details on how to customize the cursor glyph based on
- the mode of a screen's initial buffer.)
-
- C-5: How do I define edit screen attributes on a per-mode basis? Or,
- how do I make my C++ edit windows come up with 48 lines and a big
- round dot for a cursor?
-
- You can define styles for new edit screens created with
- find-file-other-screen (which is, by default, bound to 'C-z 4 C-f' and
- 'C-z 4 f') based on the initial buffer's mode like so:
-
- (setq epoch-mode-alist
- (append (list
- (cons 'c-mode
- (list
- (cons 'geometry "80x52")
- (cons 'cursor-glyph 94)))
- (cons 'LaTeX-mode
- (list
- (cons 'geometry "90x48")
- (cons 'cursor-glyph 58)))
- (cons 'c++-mode
- (list
- (cons 'geometry "80x48")
- (cons 'cursor-glyph 38))))
- epoch-mode-alist))
-
- C-6: How do I make Epoch manage edit window and icon names based on the
- name of the current buffer(s)?
-
- The base Epoch distribution doesn't support this, but there have
- been a number of small packages written that accomplish this. There
- is one written by Derek Ney (derek@boingo.med.jhu.edu) up for
- anonymous FTP at ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu (141.142.20.50) as
- /outgoing/marca/epoch/derek-title.el.Z. Another one can be found in
- the epoch sources at ftp.uu.net (in the directory
- /languages/emacs-lisp/epoch).
-
- C-7: How do I iconify my entire Epoch session at once?
-
- By default, 'C-z i' is bound to iconify-screen, which only iconifies
- the current edit window. To iconify everything, define a small
- function iconify-everything in your .emacs file like so:
-
- (defun iconify-everything ()
- "Iconify entire Epoch session at once."
- (interactive)
- (dolist (s (screen-list))
- (iconify-screen s))
- (iconify-screen 0)
- )
-
- Then bind it to a key sequence (e.g. 'C-z C-i') like so:
-
- (global-set-key "\C-z\C-i" 'iconify-everything)
-
- C-8: Does Epoch support scrollbars?
-
- No; native support for scrollbars is a technical challenge that so far
- no one has taken up for either GNU Emacs or Epoch.
-
- Alternatively, pick up the widgets package from cs.uiuc.edu, in
- pub/epoch-files/widgets/widgets.tar.Z. This is a Motif-only "widget
- server" that epoch can talk to. It will produce a nice Motif
- scroll-bar on the side of your epoch screen. It does a lot more,
- but as far as I can tell, that's all it does out of the box (i.e.,
- without writing some lisp code). Somebody correct me if I'm wrong,
- here.
-
- [Thanks to Pierre Bondono (bondono@vnet.ibm.com) for the following:]
-
- Related to this, there is a ``scrolling concept'' inside the IMOUSE
- packages that may be of interest. IMOUSE can be found via anonymous
- FTP from ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca (131.195.2.130); see question H-1
- below.
-
- C-9: My workstation's screen area is overwhelmed by all the windows I
- create in my Epoch editing sessions. How can I squeeze more windows
- into my working environment?
-
- This is only a half-facetious question; there's only room on most
- workstation screens (usually 1024x768 or 1280x1024 pixels in area) for
- a couple of windows with decent-sized fonts. To help alleviate the
- discomfort of cramped space, try the 'tvtwm' window manager. (I sound
- like a cough-drop commercial.)
-
- Tvtwm, a superset of the twm window manager, allows windows to be
- placed on a virtual root window that can be of any size (for example,
- 3000 by 3000 pixels). This virtual root can be navigated via tvtwm's
- 'panner', a reduced-size overview of your entire environment.
-
- Tvtwm can be found on your local comp.sources.x archive or in the
- X11R4 and X11R5 distributions. Try anonymous FTP to ftp.uu.net
- (137.39.1.9) in /usenet/comp.sources.x.
-
- For those people that actually like the OpenLook window manager :-),
- a similarly modified version of Olwm can be found in ftp.uu.net
- /usenet/comp.sources.x/volume14/olvwm (and a lot of other places,
- too).
-
- People running on HP workstations can use the rooms metaphor built
- into the vuewm. A similar, but less powerful alternative is the vr
- program in the contrib directory at export.lcs.mit.edu. It,
- however, doesn't support spreading epoch windows around different
- rooms.
-
- * === COLORS AND FONTS ===
-
- D-1: How do I interactively select my foreground color?
-
- First, define a style for each of your desired foreground colors in
- your .emacs file, like so:
-
- (setq red-style (make-style))
- (set-style-foreground red-style "red")
-
- Then, define a short command 'goto-style' like so:
-
- (defun goto-style (newstyle)
- "Set current buffer to a given font NEWSTYLE."
- (setq buffer-style newstyle)
- (redraw-display))
-
- Next, bind commands to keys like so:
-
- (global-set-key "\C-c1" (definteractive (goto-style red-style)))
-
- This binds a command that changes the current foreground color to red
- to the key sequence C-c 1.
-
- The following function allows you to interactive specify a new color
- for the current buffer's foreground:
-
- (defun set-foreground (newfg)
- "Set current foreground color to NEWFG."
- (interactive "sForeground color: ")
- (set-style-foreground buffer-style newfg)
- (redraw-display))
-
- This function is activated by typing:
-
- M-x set-foreground
-
- Or, it can be bound to a key like so:
-
- (global-set-key "\C-z\C-s" 'set-foreground)
-
- D-2: How do I switch fonts interactively?
-
- To change fonts, you don't have to define new styles. Just define a
- short command 'goto-font', like so:
-
- (defun goto-font (newfont)
- "Set current buffer to a given font NEWFONT."
- (font newfont)
- (redraw-display))
-
- Then, bind commands to keys like so:
-
- (global-set-key "\C-c1" (definteractive (goto-font "8x13")))
-
- This changes the current edit window's font to "8x13" when the key
- sequence 'C-c 1' is entered.
-
- The following function allows you to interactively input a font name:
-
- (defun set-font (newfont)
- "Set current font to NEWFONT."
- (interactive "sFont name: ")
- (font newfont)
- (redraw-display))
-
- This function is activated by typing:
-
- M-x set-font
-
- Or, it can be bound to a key like so:
-
- (global-set-key "\C-z\C-s" 'set-font)
-
- If the font you specify with either of these methods isn't valid for
- your X server (i.e. if the font doesn't exist in a directory listed in
- your X server's font path and in that directory's fonts.dir file, or
- isn't available from the font server if you're running X11R5), you
- will get this message in your minibuffer:
-
- Bad font name
-
- Font names are ordinary X font names; for example, a 14-point non-bold
- non-italic Helvetica font can be referred to as:
-
- "*helvetica-medium-r-normal--14*"
-
- The standard X client 'xlsfonts' will give you a list of the fonts
- registered with your X server. The standard X client 'xfontsel' lets
- you interactively put together an X font specification string based on
- individual attributes (e.g., family, size).
-
- D-3: How can I associate a certain foreground color with a file
- so that every time I load that file my foreground color is
- automatically set?
-
- You can easily do this by using GNU Emacs' ability to handle file
- variables. For example, if you have defined style 'red-style' to
- specify a red foreground color, and want file 'foobar.c' to always
- have the foreground color red, add this to the bottom of 'foobar.c':
-
- ^L
- /*
- Local Variables:
- buffer-style: red-style
- End:
- */
-
- NOTE: '^L' is a newline character; you can enter one in an edit
- buffer by typing 'C-q C-l'.
-
- Then, whenever 'foobar.c' is loaded, the variable 'buffer-style' will
- be set to 'red-style', and as a result the foreground color for that
- buffer will be red.
-
- D-4: How do I design my own really funky technicolor modeline?
-
- Using the tried-and-true Learning By Example(tm) educational method,
- I'll just give the (heavily commented) elisp code I use to define my
- own customized modeline:
-
- ;; A style to emphasize things I find important
- (defvar mode:*hilight-style* (make-style)
- "Style for modeline hilights"
- )
- (let ((s1 mode:*hilight-style*))
- ;; Do something reasonable if we're on a monochrome screen
- (if (> (epoch::number-of-colors) 2)
- (progn
- (set-style-foreground s1 "#83558c")
- (set-style-background s1 (foreground)))
- (progn
- (set-style-foreground s1 (background))
- (set-style-background s1 (foreground))))
- (set-style-font s1 "*helvetica-bold-r-*-*-12-*")
- )
-
- ;; A style for normal modeline contents -- inverted from normal
- ;; buffer
- (defvar mode:*normal-style* (make-style)
- "Normal modeline style"
- )
- (let ((s2 mode:*normal-style*))
- (set-style-foreground s2 (background))
- (set-style-background s2 (foreground))
- (set-style-font s2 "*helvetica-medium-r-*-*-12*")
- )
-
- ;; define a simpler-looking modeline format
- (setq default-mode-line-format
- (list
- ""
- 'mode:*normal-style*
- 'mode-line-modified
- ;; Highlight the buffer name
- 'mode:*hilight-style*
- " %17b"
- 'mode:*normal-style*
- " "
- 'global-mode-string
- " %[("
- 'mode-name 'minor-mode-alist "%n" 'mode-line-process
- ")%]--"
- ;; Highlight where we are in the buffer
- 'mode:*hilight-style*
- (cons -3 "%p")
- 'mode:*normal-style*
- "-%-"
- )
- )
-
-
- D-5: How do I replace the mouse region selection underlining with a
- different style?
-
- The appearance of the region underlined with the mouse is described
- by the style in the variable "motion::style". You can use the
- normal style functions to manipulate this variable. For example,
- you can turn off underlining with the following:
-
- (set-style-underline motion::style nil)
-
- Now, nothing will show up. To have just the text foreground color
- change on mouse selection, do:
-
- (set-style-foreground motion::style "yellow")
- (set-style-background motion::style (background))
-
- Replace "yellow" with any desired X color name.
-
- To have the selected region appear as reverse video, try:
-
- (set-style-foreground motion::style (background))
- (set-style-background motion::style (foreground))
-
- To have the selected region appear with an overlayed diagonal stipple
- pattern, try:
-
- (set-style-background motion::style "red")
- (set-style-background-stipple motion::style
- (make-bitmap 4 4 "\167\273\335\356"))
-
- The style bound to motion::style has default settings as follows:
-
- (set-style-foreground motion::style (foreground))
- (set-style-background motion::style (background))
- (set-style-underline motion::style (foreground))
-
- * === MENUS ===
-
- E-1: Does Epoch support popup menus or menubars?
-
- The base Epoch distribution does not have native support for popup
- menus or menubars. However, there are other ways to use menus with
- Epoch.
-
- METHOD #1:
-
- If you're running the window manager GWM (available via anonymous
- FTP to export.lcs.mit.edu (18.24.0.12) in /contrib/gwm), you can use
- the Epoch contrib 'wm-menu' package (found in the contrib tar file
- on cs.uiuc.edu) to have GWM provide menus that pass messages to
- Epoch.
-
- METHOD #2:
-
- If you're running a window manager that has user-specifiable menus
- (as all of the common window managers do), you can perform
- particular commands from a menu. These commands can communicate
- with epoch, and get it to do things.
-
- One way to do this is to use "xse" (XSendEvent) and send characters
- that happen to be bound to the commands you want to activate. To
- bind arbitrary commands to menu entries in this manner, you need to
- define a unique keystroke pattern (with global-set-key) for each
- command and then send that keystroke pattern with xsendevent via the
- menu. See the section on rebind-key (below) for more information on
- this technique. (Of course, you are also free to have xsendevent
- send a key sequence like 'ESC x u n d o RET' directly to Epoch.)
-
- A better way is to use gnudoit, which communicates to gnuserv.
- Gnuserv, gnuclient, and gnudoit are replacements for emacsclient and
- its server. With gnudoit, you can pass in an Emacs Lisp form to
- evaluate, rather than the less readable X Event description for a
- key binding.
-
- Some window managers (such as TWM) do not allow the user to specify
- client-specific menus -- you can only add menus to all clients.
- This is not an ideal solution, since all windows (Epoch or not) in
- the session will have the menu attached to them, but it does work
- and is quite convenient for use with Epoch. Other window managers
- (Mwm in particular) allow you to specify a menu on a
- client-by-client basis. Thus, you can have different menus on
- terminal windows from on Epoch (Mwm will even let you have different
- menus on different screens and on the minibuffer).
-
- Here's a couple of sample Twm menu descriptions. Note that these
- would show up on all applications that have title bars.
-
- menu "epoch"
- {
- "Epoch Menu" f.title
- "Undo" ! "xse 'Ctrl<Key>x' '<Key>u'"
- "Quit" ! "xse 'Ctrl<Key>x' 'Ctrl<Key>c'"
- }
- LeftTitleButton "~/epochbitmap.bm" = f.menu "epoch"
-
- Or, using gnudoit (notice the more readable function names):
-
- menu "epoch"
- {
- "Epoch Menu" f.title
- "Undo" ! "gnudoit '(undo)'"
- "Quit" ! "gnudoit '(save-buffers-kill-emacs)'"
- }
- LeftTitleButton "~/epochbitmap.bm" = f.menu "epoch"
-
-
- Here's an equivalent Mwm menu, along with resources that will place
- the menu only on Epoch windows.
-
- This goes in your Mwm config file:
- Menu EpochMenu
- {
- "Epoch" f.title
- "Undo" ! "gnudoit '(undo)'"
- "Quit" ! "gnudoit '(save-buffers-kill-emacs)'"
- }
-
- This goes in your X defaults:
- Mwm*epoch*windowMenu: EpochMenu
-
- Note the "*epoch*" -- this is the class name of the screen. If you
- use the -name or -rn options (as described in A-6), this name will
- change. See the "class" attribute of screens in the epoch manual
- for more on this.
-
- You can get xsendevent at export.lcs.mit.edu (18.24.0.12) in /contrib
- or at ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9) in /packages/X/contrib. Gnuserv,
- gnuclient and gnudoit are available at ee.utah.edu, in
- /emacs/etc/gnuserv (and probably other sites, too, but I can't find
- any with Xarchie -- anyone got a good one?).
-
- [From Philippe Bondono (bondono@vnet.ibm.com)., with Mwm and
- gnuclient additions by Brook]
-
- METHOD #3:
-
- A completely different technique involves using a separate X client
- that posts a menu and has Epoch (or for that matter, GNU Emacs)
- receive commands from it. One example of this technique is
- /gnu/emacs/buttons.tar.Z from anonymous FTP to aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de
- (134.95.132.2).
-
- METHOD #4:
-
- Another method uses xmenu or xmenu2, which are available at any
- comp.sources.x archive. (If you don't know of such an archive, try
- anonymous FTP to ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9) in /usenet/comp.sources.x.)
- After you have compiled xmenu or xmenu2, define the following function
- in your .emacs file:
-
- (defun interpret-output (process output)
- (command-execute (car (read-from-string output))))
-
- Then you can define other functions that make specific menus, with
- menu entries bound to commands, like the following example shows:
-
- (defun make-menu ()
- (interactive)
- (set-process-filter (start-process "xmenu" nil
- "/usr/local/bin/xmenu" "-heading" "Epoch Menu"
- "Undo=undo")
- 'interpret-output))
-
- This example uses /usr/local/bin/xmenu to post a one-entry menu to the
- screen; the menu entry's label is "Undo" and the action it triggers in
- Epoch is 'undo'. Specify as many "Label=action" pairs as you like as
- part of the start-process command.
-
- [From Philippe Bondono (bondono@vnet.ibm.com).]
-
- If you use XView/Open Windows, Dev Joneja (dj7@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu)
- has written a menu/button client similar to xmenu; it's available via
- anonymous FTP from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu (141.142.20.50) as
- /outgoing/marca/epoch/xvmenu.tar.Z.
-
- Bob Weiner (rsw@cs.brown.edu) says the following concerning menus
- within Hyperbole:
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- If you use Hyperbole, you know what the Smart Key system is, context
- sensitive key bindings for many Emacs modes and subsystems. There is
- a Smart Menu system that goes along with this but has not been
- released because it needs some additional menus and some integration
- work. It is window manager and window system independent, works under
- Emacs, with a slightly customized version that can highlight selected
- menu items and display menus in a separate Epoch screen, and is
- written entirely in Elisp, so no patching is needed. It provides much
- easier subsystem access for novices and experienced users and has been
- in use at a few sites for the last several years.
-
- I'd like to get it in a form for release but won't have the time for
- several months. If an experienced Elisp programmer wanted to
- integrate it with Hyperbole and make any other changes, I [Bob, not
- Marc] would be willing to send it out and coordinate on and test the
- final changes.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- See the list of FTP sites below for more information on Hyperbole.
-
- * === KEYBOARD ===
-
- F-1: How do I make the backspace key work properly?
-
- This is actually a GNU Emacs question, but it's included in this FAQ
- because it's probably more important to more people than all the
- other questions here. (One of the great mysteries of GNU Emacs is
- why the backspace key _still_ doesn't do its job.)
-
- Here are four ways to fix this:
-
- METHOD #1:
-
- Put this in your .emacs file:
-
- (rebind-key "BackSpace" nil "\C-?")
-
- This is the cleanest Epoch-specific solution. It rebinds
- the X representation for the backspace key directly to that
- of the delete key.
-
- [Thanks to Joe Wells (jbw@bigbird.bu.edu).]
-
- METHOD #2:
-
- Put this in your .emacs file:
-
- (global-set-key "\C-^bdc" 'backward-delete-char-untabify)
- (rebind-key "BackSpace" nil "\C-^bdc")
-
- This rebinds the X representation for the backspace key to the
- appropriate command for deleting a character backward. Like the
- first method, this is Epoch-specific.
-
- If you don't like to have your backspace key also untabify (i.e.,
- convert tags to spaces on the fly), use this instead of the previous
- global-set-key:
-
- (global-set-key "\C-^bdc" 'backward-delete-char)
-
- METHOD #3:
-
- Put this in your .emacs file:
-
- (global-set-key "\C-h" 'backward-delete-char-untabify)
- (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) ; override mark-whole-buffer
-
- This makes C-h (the backspace key as well as the Control-h key
- sequence) delete characters backward, and shifts responsibility for
- help to C-x h. This fix will work for GNU Emacs as well as Epoch.
-
- If you don't like to have your backspace key also untabify (i.e.,
- convert tabs to spaces on the fly), use this instead of the previous
- global-set-key for C-h:
-
- (global-set-key "\C-h" 'backward-delete-char)
-
- METHOD #4:
-
- Outside of Epoch, you can change the X representation of the
- BackSpace key into a Delete by doing this:
-
- xmodmap -e "keysym BackSpace = Delete"
-
- This approach has the disadvantage of not being done inside
- of Epoch for those who prefer customizing lisp code to
- customizing their system environments.
-
- [Thanks to Joe Wells (jbw@bigbird.bu.edu).]
-
- F-2: How do I make the keys marked "Page Up" and "Page Down" on an IBM
- Selectric-style keyboard do their jobs?
-
- Using the key rebinding facility discussed below, you can put the
- following two lines in your .emacs file:
-
- (rebind-key "Prior" nil "\M-v") ; Note Prior, not Page Up.
- (rebind-key "Next" nil "\C-v") ; Note Next, not Page Down.
-
- Similarly, if you want "Home" and "End" to go to the beginning and end
- of the current buffer respectively, do:
-
- (rebind-key "Home" nil "\M-<")
- (rebind-key "End" nil "\M->")
-
- F-3: How do I bind keys in the numeric keypad on an IBM Selectric-style
- keyboard to their obvious functions (arrow movement, home, end, etc.)?
-
- Put these lines in your .emacs file:
-
- (rebind-key "KP_Home" nil "\M-<")
- (rebind-key "KP_Up" nil "\C-p")
- (rebind-key "KP_Prior" nil "\M-v")
- (rebind-key "KP_Left" nil "\C-b")
- (rebind-key "KP_Begin" nil "\C-l")
- (rebind-key "KP_Right" nil "\C-f")
- (rebind-key "KP_End" nil "\M->")
- (rebind-key "KP_Down" nil "\C-n")
- (rebind-key "KP_Next" nil "\C-v")
-
- NOTE: This makes the keypad arrow keys work, the keypad PgUp/PgDown
- work, and the keypad Home/End go to the beginning/end of the
- buffer.
-
- Other keys appropriate for rebinding in a Selectric-style numeric
- keypad include KP_Divide, KP_Multiply, KP_Subtract, KP_Add, KP_Enter,
- KP_Insert, and KP_Delete; see below for more details.
-
- F-4: What general facilities does Epoch provide for rebinding function
- keys, and how do I use them?
-
- The rebind-key function allows you to rebind any keycode to a new
- string. An example is probably best to show how this works. To make
- the key marked "Page Up" (on IBM Selectric-style keyboards) actually
- move the current buffer up a page (like M-v), do:
-
- (rebind-key "Prior" nil "\M-v")
-
- Note that "Prior" is the actual X keysym name for the "Page Up" key;
- to see the X keysym names, refer to /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h (or
- $OPENWINHOME/include/X11/keysymdef.h on OpenWindows systems).
- (Disregard the leading XK_ in keysymdef.h's definitions for Epoch's
- purposes; thus, X11's "XK_Prior" becomes Epoch's "Prior". To find out
- which keys are actually active for your keyboard and server, use the
- command "xmodmap -pk".)
-
- The standard function keys are named F1 through F12, the function keys
- on the left side of a Sun-style keyboard are named L1 through L10, and
- so on. The keypad apparently cannot be addressed by KP_0 through KP_9
- but must be referenced by names like KP_Left, KP_Up, and so on.
-
- A simple two-step approach for binding function keys to commands
- involves binding a key to an arbitrary GNU Emacs key encoding (in the
- following example, C-^ k 1) and then binding that encoding to the
- command. An example that binds the function key marked "End" to an
- arbitrary command (in this case, end-of-line) follows:
-
- (rebind-key "End" 0 "\C-^k1")
- (global-set-key "\C-^k1" 'end-of-line)
-
- Note that the above is only an example of the two-step method; if you
- really want "End" to do 'end-of-line, do the obvious instead:
-
- (rebind-key "End" 0 "\C-e")
-
- The rebind-key command allows modifiers (e.g. shift, control) to be
- specified; the following example binds Control-"End" to an arbitrary
- command (in this case, end-of-buffer):
-
- (rebind-key "End" 'control "\C-^Ck1")
- (global-set-key "\C-^Ck1" 'end-of-buffer)
-
- For an example of these principles in action, see the file
- 'amc/keys.el' in the 3.2 contrib directory (which is still up for
- anonymous ftp at cs.uiuc.edu as a separate .tar.Z file) or at
- ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu in /outgoing/marca/epoch.
-
- [Thanks to Alan Carroll (carroll@cs.uiuc.edu).]
-
- F-5: I want Epoch to disregard accidental presses of function keys that
- insert spurious characters (e.g., "-1~") into the buffer. Does Epoch
- perchance have some magical way to make this happen?
-
- Perchance, Epoch does. The variable epoch::function-key-mapping, if
- set to nil, makes Epoch disregard such keys, unless they're explicitly
- rebound with rebind-key. You can set this in your .emacs file like
- so:
-
- (setq epoch::function-key-mapping nil)
-
- [Thanks to Alan Carroll (carroll@cs.uiuc.edu).]
-
- F-6: How do I turn the keyboard bell off?
-
- The easy answer is to put the following line in your .emacs file:
-
- (setq epoch::bell-volume -50)
-
- Another possibility, if you like visual bells (i.e., having the
- entire edit window flash reverse video instead of hearing an audible
- beep), is to put the following in your .emacs file:
-
- (epoch::set-bell t)
-
- The malicious answer, for those who, like myself, never want to hear
- another beep for the rest of time, is to modify src/x11term.c in the
- Epoch distribution; just change the line that reads:
-
- XBell (xs->display,volume);
-
- To:
-
- /* XBell (xs->display,volume); */
-
- Then recompile.
-
- * === HIGHLIGHTING ===
-
- G-1: How do I highlight regions of text in a buffer with different styles?
-
- While the current Epoch distribution contain plenty of support for
- zones and styles, the enabling mechanisms that make syntax-directed
- highlighting possible, no intrinsic support for such highlighting is
- provided. This situation may change in subsequent releases of Epoch.
-
- Three packages that provide varying degrees of support for
- syntax-directed highlighting are:
-
- tek-highlight-2.0.tar.Z (available from archive.cis.ohio-state.edu
- or ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu, see below), which supports comment highlighting
- in source code as well as support for the Info documentation browser,
- various mail and news packages, and manual pages.
-
- lightbrite.tar.Z (available from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu, see below),
- written by Marc Andreessen to allow per-mode regexp-based
- highlighting. Thus, you can have all #define's/#endif's in red,
- setq's and defun's in green, int/float/double's in yellow, '-->'s in
- purple, and so on. Here's something from its README:
- o Accurate comment highlighting.
- o Regexp touchup highlighting.
- o Easy specification of visual attributes of multiple
- highlighting styles.
- o Instant highlighting (as you type) with adjustable
- responsiveness.
- o Buffer size thresholds for both comment and touchup
- highlighting.
- o Use of minor mode and local keymaps.
- o Re-highlight visible screen, current paragraph, current
- function, immediate area, or entire buffer.
- o Large assortment of default mode-specific highlighting
- patterns.
- o Automatic highlight on find-file and/or write-file.
- o Special handling of mail and rmail modes.
- o Works with both Epoch and Lucid Emacs transparently.
-
- hilit.el.Z (most recent version was posted to gnu.emacs.souces and is
- available from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu, see below), which provides
- source-code comment and regexp highlighting.
-
- * === EPOCH-SPECIFIC ELISP PACKAGES ===
-
- H-1: Where can I find Epoch-specific elisp packages?
-
- Try the following anonymous FTP sites for Epoch-specific elisp
- packages:
-
- aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de (134.95.132.2)
- /gnu/emacs
-
- archive.cis.ohio-state.edu (128.146.8.52)
- /pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/elisp
- [This is main elisp-archive site; it is mirrored at
- ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9) in /languages/emacs-lisp, among other places.
- Not much Epoch code exists here; in particular, a much more
- recent version of hilit.el.Z is at ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu, below.]
-
- ftp.cs.buffalo.edu (128.205.32.3)
- /pub
- [This is the distribution site for the new Dired, which will
- be included in Emacs v19; it includes support for Epoch.]
-
- ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu (141.142.20.50)
- /outgoing/marca/epoch
- [This is the previous FAQ maintainer's archive of Epoch code; the
- README file gives an overview of what he considers to be
- 'essential' Epoch packages, and all of those packages
- are available there. If he gets out of date on any of
- these and you notice it, please let him know.]
-
- icsi-ftp.berkeley.edu (128.32.201.55)
- /pub/elisp
-
- ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca (131.195.2.130)
- /pub/emacs/lisp
- [This is the distribution site for the IMOUSE package.]
-
- wilma.cs.brown.edu (128.148.31.66)
- /pub/hyperbole
- [This is the distribution site for the Hyperbole hypertext
- system, which includes support for Epoch. Also available
- separately from here is the wrolo 'rolodex' package, one of the
- components of Hyperbole.]
-
- Also see the contrib tar file found at cs.uiuc.edu, in the same
- directory as the actual Epoch distribution.
-
- Also watch the gnu.emacs.sources Usenet newsgroup, as well as the
- epoch newsgroup/mailing list (see below).
-
- Please volunteer the names of any sites not on this list.
-
- H-2: Where can I get a PostScript version of the Epoch manual?
-
- Use anonymous ftp to cs.uiuc.edu (128.174.252.1) in
- /pub/epoch-files/epoch; get epoch-4.0.epoch-man.ps.Z.
-
- * === OTHER RESOURCES ===
-
- I-1: What Epoch newsgroups/mailing lists are out there?
-
- The Usenet newsgroup gnu.epoch.misc and the mailing list
- epoch@cs.uiuc.edu are one and the same. To join the mailing list,
- send a request to epoch-request@cs.uiuc.edu. (It is best to read the
- newsgroup if you have access to it, to save on network resources and
- the mailing list maintainer's time.)
-
- For more general information about Epoch and GNU Emacs, see the list
- of resources at the start of this file.
-
- I-2: Where do I send bug reports?
-
- Either post to the newsgroup gnu.epoch.misc, or (equivalently) send
- mail to epoch@cs.uiuc.edu (which is the newsgroup).
-
- * === ADVANCED QUESTIONS ===
-
- [NOTE: This section is at the bottom since the questions involve
- actual source-code hacking or problems with specific machine
- configurations that the FAQ moderator cannot personally verify and
- whose solutions will probably involve some sort of hacking. If
- these answers helped you, please let me know. If I don't hear of
- people finding these useful, I'm going to remove them.]
-
- Z-1: Epoch 4.0b1 (or later) (as well as GNU Emacs 18.58) built under
- HP-UX 8.0 and 8.05 apparently don't recognize the Meta key as Alt.
- How can this be fixed?
-
- Bob Fisher (bob@fisher.depaul.edu) suggests the following command,
- executed once per session, prior to starting Epoch:
-
- xmodmap -e "clear mod1" \
- -e "add mod1 = Meta_R" \
- -e "add mod1 = Meta_L"
-
- Z-2: Why do all of Epoch's colors go away when Epoch is run on an X11R5
- server with multiple screens?
-
- Dana Chee (dana@thumper.bellcore.com) reports that X11R5 has a new
- SCREEN_RESOURCES property that allows/forces colors to only appear for
- color screens, but Epoch doesn't look at this property. This bug
- will only bite you if you're running on a multi-screen system. If it
- happens, there is a workaround; see the xrdb manpage and the xrdb
- option '-all'.
-
- Z-3: Even though Epoch 4.0b1 includes fixes to keep the cursor from
- disappearing (as it does on occasion, especially in a shell, in
- Epoch 4.0b0), the cursor still disappears sometimes. Is there a fix
- for this?
-
- First, Epoch 4.0p0 has additional fixes for this problem which
- presumably will supersede the fix given below.
-
- According to Michael Thome (mthome@bbn.com), activating the XFlush
- code at the end of the CursorToggle routine in 4.0b1's x11term.c seems
- to fix the problem. (In other words, '#if 0' on line 737 of x11term.c
- should be changed to '#if 1'.)
-
- Z-4: I want Epoch to iconify itself immediately upon starting. To this
- end, in my .emacs file I have (epoch::iconify-screen). But most
- (~95%) of the time this doesn't work. How can I make it work all the
- time?
-
- The technical explanation appears to be that the initial Epoch
- minibuffer and edit screen are unmapped after creation to set some
- properties for ICCCM purposes and then remapped, and this interferes
- with the iconification process.
-
- One workaround (that may or may not work for you) is to add a sit-for
- command to your .emacs file right before epoch::iconify-screen; for
- example:
-
- (sit-for 15)
- (epoch::iconify-screen)
-
- [Thanks to Bobby Bodenheimer (bobby@hot.caltech.edu), Simon Kaplan
- (kaplan@cs.uiuc.edu), and Chris Love (love@cs.uiuc.edu).]
-
- * === CONTRIBUTORS ===
-
- --> Thanks to the following people for contributing to this FAQ
- (whether knowingly or not :-) as well as anyone else I may have
- inadvertently forgotten to list:
-
- Bobby Bodenheimer (bobby@hot.caltech.edu)
- Philippe Bondono (bondono@vnet.ibm.com)
- Martin Boyer (mboyer@ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca)
- Alan Carroll (carroll@cs.uiuc.edu)
- Nhi Casey (nhi@ariel.aero.org)
- Dana Chee (dana@thumper.bellcore.com)
- Alice Chen (alice@innerdoor.austin.ibm.com)
- Bob Fisher (bob@fisher.depaul.edu)
- Jerry Graves (jerry@math.ep.utexas.edu)
- Dev Joneja (dj7@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu)
- Simon Kaplan (kaplan@cs.uiuc.edu)
- Tor Lillqvist (tml@tik.vtt.fi)
- Chris Love (love@cs.uiuc.edu)
- Simon Marshall (S.Marshall@sequent.cc.hull.ac.uk)
- Rob McCool (robm@ncsa.uiuc.edu)
- Michael Thome (mthome@bbn.com)
- Bob Weiner (rsw@cs.brown.edu)
- Joe Wells (jbw@bigbird.bu.edu)
-
- Thanks particularly to Jerry Graves for much FAQ work.
-
- Thanks also to all the people who have spent time and effort
- developing Epoch and associated packages.
-
- And thanks most especially to Marc Andreessen marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu,
- the previous maintainer of this FAQ, who has gone on to greater
- glory, working directly with the epoch team.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- Brook Conner | Klacktoveedsedstene
- Brown Computer Graphics | Fortune sez: Brook's Law -- Adding manpower to a late
- dbc@cs.brown.edu | software project makes it later
- uunet!brunix!dbc dbc@browncs.bitnet Box 1910 Brown U Prov RI 02912
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu soc.culture.esperanto:4189 news.answers:3318
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!wupost!usc!randvax!urban@rand.org
- From: urban@rand.org
- Newsgroups: soc.culture.esperanto,news.answers
- Subject: soc.culture.esperanto Frequently Asked Questions (Oftaj Demandoj)
- Message-ID: <3860@randvax.rand.org>
- Date: 2 Oct 92 23:02:29 GMT
- Expires: 1 Nov 92 00:00:00 GMT
- Sender: urban@randvax.rand.org
- Reply-To: urban@rand.org
- Followup-To: soc.culture.esperanto
- Organization: RAND
- Lines: 502
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
-
- Archive-name: esperanto-faq
-
- Frequently Asked Questions for
- soc.culture.esperanto, esperanto@rand.org and esper-l@trearn.bitnet
- (monthly posting)
-
- This posting attempts to answer the most common questions from those
- new to the newsgroup (or mailing list), or to the language itself.
- Because the majority of readers are in the United States, it is
- somewhat biased towards those readers, but it may be useful
- for anglophone readers in other countries. The opinions expressed
- are those of the author. If there is some information you feel should
- be added or changed, send mail to the author (Internet: urban@rand.org).
-
- 1. What is Esperanto?
- 2. How many people speak Esperanto?
- 3. Where do I find classes, textbooks, etc.?
- 4. How do you type Esperanto's circumflexed letters?
- 5. How can I display those circumflexed letters on a (Sun/Mac/PC)?
- 6. What about other `artificial' languages like Loglan, Ido, etc.?
- 7. How come Esperanto doesn't have <favorite word or feature>?
- 8. Is there any Esperanto material available online?
- 9. In what language should people post to this newsgroup/list?
- 10. Are there other bulletin boards, online services, etc?
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 1. What is Esperanto?
-
- Esperanto is a language designed to facilitate communication among
- people of different lands and cultures. It was first published in 1887
- by Dr. L. L. Zamenhof (1859-1917) under the pseudonym `Dr. Esperanto',
- meaning `one who hopes', and this is the name that stuck as the name of
- the language itself. Unlike national languages, Esperanto allows
- communication on an equal footing between people, with neither having
- the usual cultural advantage accruing to a native speaker. Esperanto
- is also considerably easier to learn than national languages, since its
- design is far simpler and more regular than such languages.
-
-
- 2. How many people speak Esperanto?
-
- It is always difficult to measure the number of speakers of any
- language; it is rather like estimating the number of people who play
- Chess. Speakers of a second language vary widely in their competence
- and fluency. The World Almanac, whose researchers actually conduct
- interviews with speakers, estimate about two million speakers
- worldwide. This puts it on a par with `minority' languages like
- Icelandic and Estonian. Of course, unlike these other languages,
- Esperanto is not the primary language for its speakers, although
- there _are_ native speakers (`denaskaj parolantoj') of Esperanto
- who learned to speak it (along with the local language) from
- their parents.
-
-
- 3. Where do I find classes, textbooks, etc?
-
- For U.S. residents, the Esperanto League for North America is the
- best and most reliable source for Esperanto materials. They
- offer a free basic correspondence course (about which we will
- say more later), and may be offering a more detailed and advanced
- paid correspondence course. They have an extensive catalogue
- of books, including texts, reference, fiction, poetry, and
- cassette tapes. Their address is
-
- Esperanto League of North America
- Box 1129
- El Cerrito, CA 94530
-
- A free information packet can be obtained from ELNA by
- calling their toll-free information number: 1-800-828-5944
-
- A more immediate source of texts, especially for those with
- access to a university, is your local library. The quality
- of the books, of course, will vary widely, but most of the
- texts, even the older ones, will provide a reasonable general
- introduction to the language. One exception, mentioned here
- only because it was surplused to _many_ libraries around the US,
- is the US Army's `Esperanto: The Aggressor Language', which
- is more of a curiosity than a useful textbook.
-
- The problem with most old texts is that they are...well...old! Their
- presentations can seem very bland and old-fashioned, and their
- `cultural' information about the Esperanto community will often be
- hopelessly out of date. The newest American textbook, and probably the
- best, is Richardson's `Esperanto: Learning and Using the International
- Language'. It is available from ELNA and perhaps some libraries.
- Another book, the Esperanto entry in the `Teach Yourself ...' series of
- language primers, is a slightly dated but still useful introduction to
- the language. The `Teach Yourself' book can sometimes be found in
- bookstores. There is also a `Teach Yourself' English/Esperanto
- dictionary that is a very popular and handy reference.
-
- Another good, if a bit old-fashioned, textbook, Step by Step in
- Esperanto, has recently been reprinted and is available from ELNA.
-
- Macintosh owners with HyperCard and MacinTalk can take advantage
- of an introductory HyperCard course on Esperanto. This is available
- from ELNA for a nominal media charge. Swedish and Dutch versions
- of this course have appeared in their respective countries.
-
- ***
- *** If you know of other texts that should be mentioned here,
- *** please let me know
- ***
-
- Each summer, San Francisco State University and ELNA offer a three-week
- curriculum of Esperanto courses, in which one may participate at
- beginning, intermediate, or advanced levels, and earn three semester
- credits. It is widely considered to be one of the best opportunities to
- learn to speak Esperanto `like a native', and draws students and
- faculty from around the world.
-
- ***
- *** Further info, like details on Chaux-de-Fonds (sp?) activities
- *** and similar international learning opportunities, are
- *** requested
- ***
-
- For those with relatively little time, a free Postal Correspondence
- Course is available. You mail in each of ten lessons, and
- a grader corrects your exercises and sends you the next lesson.
- Send a self-addressed stamped envelope to
-
- Esperanto Information Center
- 410 Darrell Road
- Hillsborough, CA 94010
- 415 342-1796
-
-
- In Australia:
- Australia Esperanto-Asocio, GPO Box 313, Sunnybank, Queensland 4109.
- Junulara Auxstralia Grupo Esperantista,
- 17 Renowden St., Cheltenham, Victoria 3192.
- Book service: PO Box 230, Matraville, NSW 2036.
- Editor, The Australian Esperantist: 46 Great Eastern Highway,
- Bakers Hill, WA 6562.
- Correspondence Course: J. Moore, 7 Pelican St., Emu Park, Queensland 4702.
-
- In Canada:
- Kanada Esperanto-Asocio (English course)
- P.O.Box 2159, Sidney, BC V8L 3S6
- Esperanto-Societo Kebekia (French course)
- 6358-A, rue de Bordeaux, Montreal, QC H2G 2R8
- Book Service
- 6358-A, rue de Bordeaux, Montreal, QC H2G 2R8
-
- In New Zealand:
- New Zealand Esperanto Association (also correspondence course)
- PO Box 41-172, St Lukes, Auckland
- Editor of the `Nov-Zelanda Esperantisto':
- PO Box 330, Wellington
-
- In Britain:
- British Esperanto Association, 140 Holland Park Avenue, Londonw W11
-
- In France:
- UFE (Union Francaise pour l'Esperanto)
- and its youth section JEFO (Junulara Esperantista Franca Organizo)
- 4 bis, rue de la Cerisaie
- 75004 PARIS
-
-
-
- The Free Correspondence Course is also available online as the
- Free Esperanto Course. Information is posted regularly to this group.
- The Correspondence Course is now conducted in both English and French
- versions.
-
- 4. How do you type Esperanto's circumflexed letters?
-
- Esperanto has five circumflexed consonants (c, g, h, j, and s can all
- be circumflexed) and an accented vowel (u with breve). The Fundamento,
- which forms the official basis for the language, suggests that printers
- that lack a circumflex can use `h' (ch, gh, hh, etc.). This is,
- however, not a completely satisfactory solution for computers, and
- introduces unnecessary lexical ambiguity. Two solutions are now in
- current use:
-
- The European Computer Manufacturer's Association Standard ECMA-94
- contains four 8-bit Latin alphabets to cover a variety of European
- languages. Latin alphabet 3 covers Esperanto (as well as nine other
- European languages). This alphabet also forms the basis for the
- international standard coding ISO 8859/3 (LATIN-3). This eight-bit
- coding is probably the best `canonical' representation for the storage
- of Esperanto text, although it is inconvenient for sorting
- applications (this is a common technical difficulty for almost all
- languages). A more immediate problem is that the Internet mail
- protocol is currently only able to transmit 7-bit ASCII. Finally, it
- may be inconvenient to generate the eight-bit codes on particular
- input devices.
-
- Various `ASCIIzations' of the accented letters are popular. Some
- people type a circumflex before the accented letter; others type it
- afterwards. Some use a `<' sign instead. Some use the Fundamentan
- formula with following `h'. Others follow with a `~' (tilde) to
- facilitate alphabetization.
-
- The best ASCIIzation is probably to use following `x', which has
- several advantages: the `x' is not part of the Esperanto alphabet and
- so the digraphs like `cx' can automatically be translated to Latin-3
- codes or other representations; `x' is alphabetic, so various editing
- and text-processing programs treat `accented' words as single units;
- since `x' is near the end of the alphabet, sorting algorithms are quite
- reliable when applied to words coded in this way. Finally, combinations
- like `sx' are rare in English, so automatic conversion of mixed
- Esperanto/English text is highly reliable. While nobody can
- dictate a standard, widespread adoption of this convention on the
- networks would facilitate the development of standard programs to
- convert or display the accented characters, at least until 8-bit
- mail transmission becomes commonplace.
-
- Esperanto's circumflexed characters are covered by the various
- proposed `wide character' standards (Unicode and ISO 10646), so
- Esperantists will not be left out if and when those standards
- are widely adopted and implemented.
-
-
- 5. How do I display those characters on a (Mac, PC, etc.)
-
- `Dumb' terminals generally cannot overstrike accents with arbitrary
- characters, and so cannot display the Esperanto characters. Most
- modern equipment uses `softer' display technology and can display the
- Esperanto characters given proper software.
-
- On the Macintosh, one can prepare and display text with an Esperanto
- `font'; such fonts usually match the accented characters to convenient
- (USA) keyboard equivalents, rather than to standard binary codes. A
- couple of such fonts (Imagewriter resolution) are available on ELNA's
- HyperCard disk, and Esperanto versions of Helvetica and Times (in
- Type 3 PostScript) can be FTPed from chaos.cs.brandeis.edu (and are
- probably also obtainable through ELNA).
-
- *
- * INFORMATION SOLICITED ON OTHER MACINTOSH FONTS
- *
-
- WordPerfect 5.1 allows the display of Esperanto characters when the
- 512-character screen is selected from the Setup menu. To type an
- accented character, type control-v, the charactrs.doc table number,
- comma, the character code, and RETURN. The Esperanto codes are all in
- table 1, with the following values:
-
- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - -
- C:100 c:101 G:122 g:123 H:126 h:127 J:140 j:141 S:180 s:181 U:188 u:189
-
- so that you type <CTRL-V>1,100<RETURN> to get circumflexed C.
- You can setup a `keyboard file' to assign these combinations
- to keys. (thanks to Cleve Lendon and Michael Johnson for this information)
-
- Two programs, `vidi' and `montru', which can display some of the common
- Esperanto ASCIIzations as accented characters on PCs with graphics
- boards, are available via anonymous FTP (see below).
-
- On Unix (and other) systems running X11, it is possible to create a
- text font using the ISO 8859/3 encoding. With such a font in your
- server's font repertoire, an `xterm' window (with terminal modes set
- for 8-bit output) can display Esperanto text using standard Unix
- commands such as `cat'. An ISO 8859/3 font is included in
- the contributed software portion of Release 5 of X11. The Esperanto
- versions of Helvetica and Times for the Mac might be usable with
- a suitably equipped X11 server, but this has yet to be verified.
-
- In any of these cases, a certain amount of data massaging may be
- necessary to convert some particular representation of Esperanto text
- (see Question 4) to an appropriate form.
-
- Text processing languages like TeX and Troff permit the arbitrary
- placement of diacriticals on characters and so make the preparation of
- good-looking Esperanto documents quite easy. TeX's Computer Modern
- fonts are particularly good for this, because they include an undotted
- `j' character. Note that the hyphenation algorithms used by TeX and
- Troff are not intended for Esperanto and may produce unpleasant
- results. TeX is available, often as free software, for a variety of
- computers.
-
- 6. What about other `artificial' languages like Loglan, Ido, etc.?
-
- People create languages for a variety of purposes. J.R.R. Tolkien's
- languages of Sindarin and Quenya, for example, were created partly as
- a recreation, and partly to fulfill a literary purpose. Many languages
- have been created as international languages; only Esperanto has
- continued to grow and prosper after the death of its originator. Many
- of the people who have attempted to promulgate international languages
- more `perfect' (i.e., more `international', more `logical', or
- whatever) than Esperanto have failed to understand that -- given a
- certain minimum standard of internationality, aesthetic quality, and
- ease of learning -- further tinkering not only fails to substantially
- improve the product, but interferes with the establishment of a large
- community of speakers. A language like, say, Interlingua might be (by
- some individual's criteria) `better' than Esperanto, but in order for
- it to be worth uprooting the established world of Esperanto and
- creating an equivalently widespread world community of Interlingua
- speakers, it would have to be visibly and profoundly an improvement
- over Esperanto of prodigious proportions. No international language
- project has yet produced such an obviously ideal language.
-
- In the network community, one of the best known planned language
- projects is James Cooke Brown's Loglan (and its revised offshoot
- Lojban). While some enthusiasts do see Loglan and Lojban as
- competitors to Esperanto, the languages were conceived not as a tool to
- facilitate better communication, but as a linguistic experiment, to
- test the Whorf hypothesis that a language shapes (or limits) the
- thoughts of its speakers. They are thus deliberately designed to bear
- little resemblance to existing human languages. While Loglan and
- Lojban are unlikely (and, by design, perhaps unsuited) to succeed as
- international languages, both are interesting projects in their own
- right. The address to write for Loglan information is
-
- The Loglan Institute
- 3009 Peters Way
- San Diego, CA, 92117
- U.S.A.
- [ (619) 270-1691 ]
- 70674.1434@compuserve.com
-
- For Lojban, contact
- Bob LeChevalier, President
- The Logical Language Group, Inc.
- 2904 Beau Lane Fairfax VA 22031-1303
- U.S.A
- [ (703) 385-0273 (day/evenings) }
- lojbab@grebyn.com
-
- There is a `constructed language' mailing list; send mail to
- conlang-request@buphy.bu.edu
- to subscribe. Finally, fans of Tolkien's language creations
- can join a Tolkien-language mailing list. Contact
- jcb@dcs.edinburgh.ac.uk
- for information. (UK readers invert the address appropriately)
-
-
- As for our own Esperanto newsgroup, many readers are interested in other
- planned languages, and discussion of these can often be informative and
- interesting. But politeness dictates that `Esperanto-bashing' in
- an Esperanto forum is inappropriate and should be avoided.
-
-
- 7. How come Esperanto doesn't have <favorite word or feature>?
-
- Although Esperanto is a planned language, it has developed well beyond
- the point at which some authoritative person or group can dictate
- language practice, however great the temptation may be to `tinker' with
- the language. For example, many people are critical of the presence of
- a feminine suffix and absense of a corresponding masculine suffix, and
- have suggested masculine suffixes (-ab, -ucx, -icx, -un), neutral pronouns
- (sxli, ri), and/or re-interpretations of familiar words such as
- redefining `frato' (brother) to mean `sibling'. But there is no single
- individual or committee that will simply designate changes such as
- these before they achieve general use.
-
- Just as with any other language, the only way for such novelties to
- attain acceptability is for them to be used in correspondence,
- literature, and conversation by a growing number of people. So, if you
- see a genuine lack in the language's existing stock of roots and
- affixes, by all means use a new coinage (with suitable explanation) and
- see if it catches on. Be warned that such neologisms are often
- controversial and will meet with criticisms (in proportion to the
- extent to which they break with the `Fundamento' or to which they are
- redundant to the existing language).
-
-
- 8. Is there any Esperanto material available online?
-
- There are two sources on the network for Esperanto materials. The
- Internet site rand.org has an assortment of materials (including online
- word lists, some introductory material, and other stuff) available for
- anonymous FTP in the pub/esperanto directory.
-
- There is a Planned Languages Server at columbia.edu that allows a
- user to request material on Esperanto and Loglan via electronic mail
- (with no human intervention). To find out more about this server, send
- a message with just the word help to archive-server@hebrew.cc.columbia.EDU
- A help file will be sent by return electronic mail.
-
- There is an archive of Esperanto Macintosh materials available via
- anonymous FTP at chaos.cs.brandeis.edu in pub/esperanto, including
- fonts and HyperCard materials.
-
- Some Esperanto information is available via a service called `gopher'
- via the gopher server at otax.tky.hut.fi port 70 (Helsinki University
- of Technology).
-
- Some libraries have on-line listings of their Esperanto holdings. On
- Internet, try:
- Universitaet des Saarlandes (700 titles): telnet paula.rz.uni-sb.de
- University of California (450 titles): telnet melvyl.ucop.edu
- On BITNET/EARN/SURFnet, try
- Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen (232 titles):
- set host/x29 kunt or set host/x29 18802007099, and then use
- 'c KUNOPC' to enter the library. Logout using <Ctrl-C>
-
- Also, see the next section's information about the Esperanto Lingva Servo.
-
-
- 9. In what language should people post to this newsgroup/list?
-
- This is left up to the judgement of the sender, based on his or her
- language expertise, the nature of the material, and the time available
- for composing the message. Several of our readers are not native
- speakers of English; for some, it is easier to read and write Esperanto
- than English. On the other hand, many of our readers have only the
- most basic exposure to Esperanto (and wish to learn more). The best
- solution would be to post bilingually in English and Esperanto (if you
- know Esperanto), but of course that requires composing the posting two
- times. Messages involving details of Esperanto culture (such as a
- recent thread involving some of the personalities of the early
- Esperanto movement) can probably be entirely in Esperanto without
- losing much of the intended audience. Similarly, messages likely to be
- of interest to people who are just learning about Esperanto should be
- posted in English (at least).
-
- Beginners in the language should not be afraid to attempt to post in
- Esperanto; people are happy to correct language mistakes in a positive
- and friendly way (not as `grammar flames') and a forum like this can be
- a good way to get language practice. No, this is not strong enough.
- Beginners are ESPECIALLY ENCOURAGED to post in Esperanto whenever
- possible.
-
- Of course, if you are uncertain of your Esperanto ability, you should
- include an English version of your text so that, if you make a serious
- language blunder, people can determine what you were *trying* to say.
-
- One service that might be of use is the Language Service (La
- Lingva Servo), a group of volunteers who will correct the grammar
- of short Esperanto postings. Information on the Lingva Servo,
- with the current list of volunteers, is posted monthly to this
- group.
-
- If you are cross-posting articles to other newsgroups, please
- do NOT post in Esperanto, unless English (or the usual language
- of that newsgroup) is also included, preferably as the primary
- language. Aside from being rude, such postings have tended to
- create a lot of unwanted crossposted response traffic, usually
- of an anti-Esperantan inflammatory nature.
-
- 10. Are there other bulletin boards, online services, etc?
-
- The Internet mailing list mail.esperanto contains about
- 70 individual entries. Whenever someone sends mail to
- `esperanto@rand.ORG', that mail is forwarded to everyone on
- the list. People on other networks that can receive
- Internet mail (e.g. on CompuServe or FidoNet) can subscribe
- to the mailing list.
-
- The newsgroup soc.culture.esperanto is distributed on many
- Internet and USENET sites and has a readership of several
- hundred. Every message sent to the mail.esperanto list is
- forwarded to soc.culture.esperanto, and every article from
- soc.culture.esperanto is normally forwarded to the mailing list.
- Thus, if you are reading the newsgroup, you do not need to be
- on the mailing list. However, note that the newsgroup is
- theoretically an `Internet-only' group, and that many messages,
- including all those forwarded from the mailing list, are
- tagged with a `Distribution: inet' header line, and may not
- be distributed to every site.
-
- ESPER-L@TREARN is a BITNET-based mailing list; every message
- sent to soc.culture.esperanto is forwarded to ESPER-L, but
- not the reverse. BITNET users should subscribe to ESPER-L
- (but should post, when possible, to esperanto@rand.org)
-
- CompuServe Information Service (CIS) has an Esperanto board
- in its Foreign Languages Education Forum; CIS subscribers
- can type /GO FLEFO for further information.
-
- For those Internet sites providing the Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
- service, Esperanto conversation takes place regularly on Tuesdays at
- 1400-1600 GMT (UT) on the channel `#Esperanto'. Contact Axel
- Belinfante <belinfan@cs.utwente.nl> or Wim Slootmans
- <slootmans@nats.uia.ac.be> for further infomration.
-
- ***
- *** INFORMATION SOLICITED ABOUT GENIE, ETC.
- *** (note that Internet mail to Genie users seems imminent)
- ***
-
- Some local Bulletin Board Systems (BBSes) across North America
- provide Esperanto services.
-
- Devoted to Esperanto:
-
- ESPERANTO BBS (416)731-2667 Thornhill, Ontario (near Toronto)
-
- Have Esperanto sections:
-
- MICRODOT BBS (812) 944-3907 New Albany, Indiana (near Evansville)
- (part of the WWIV network of BBS systems. WWIV systems may
- subscribe to the Esperanto group `La Samideanoj')
-
- ***
- *** Surely there are more?
- ***
-
- In France, the Minitel system has an Esperanto service: try
- 36.15 ESPERANTO for information. 36.14 PING is an online chat
- and mailbox service in four languages (French, Esperanto, Italian,
- and English). 36.14 RIBOUREL is `300 pages about/in Esperanto'
-
- In Slovenia, Boris HERMAN is sysop for the Krpan BBS (FidoNet
- 2:380/104) and can be reached at Internet address
- BHERMAN@UNI-MB.AC.MAIL.YU
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\BISEXUAL>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\DE_TALK_>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\DRUG_LAW>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\EMACS_IM>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\EMPIRE_V>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\EPOCH_FA>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\ESPERANT>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FAQ.BAT>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\FRACTAL_>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\INET_BBS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\INTEL_UN>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\INTERNET>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\IRANIAN_>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\IRC_FAQ>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\MINIX_IN>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\USL_BUGS>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\WHITEFAQ.TXT>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\WHITEWAT>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\WIRELESS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\WPCORP_L.Z>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\ACORN\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\ADDRESS\NON_US\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\ADDRESS\US\PART1>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\AIX_FAX\PART1>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\AI_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\ANIME\FAQ>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\ATHEISM\RESOURCE>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\CONTRACT\S1706>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\DOGS_FAQ\GREYHOUN>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\DOGS_FAQ\INTRODUC>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\DOGS_FAQ\MISC1>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\DOGS_FAQ\REFERENC>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\DSP_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\EDIT_FAQ\THE_FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\EDIT_FAQ\VI_ARCHI>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\ELM\DIFF>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\ELM\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\ELMERS\ADMIN>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\ELMERS\LIST>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\EMACS_FA\DIFF>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\EMACS_FA\PART5>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\EMILY\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FEMINISM\INFO>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FEMINISM\REFS1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FEMINISM\REFS2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FEMINISM\REFS3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FEMINISM\RESOURCE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FEMINISM\TERMS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FONTS_FA\DIFFS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FONTS_FA\DIFFS01>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\FONTS_FA\PART06>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\FONTS_FA\PART09>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FONTS_FA\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FONTS_FA\PART10>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FONTS_FA\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FONTS_FA\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FONTS_FA\PART4>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\FREE_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FREE_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FTP_LIST\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FTP_LIST\FILES1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FTP_LIST\FILES2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FTP_LIST\FILES3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FTP_LIST\SITES1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FTP_LIST\SITES2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\FTP_LIST\SITES3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMB_FAQ\DIFF>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMB_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\BOARD_GA>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\COREWAR_>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\DIPLOMAC>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\EMPIRE_V>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\FTP_LIST>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\GO_FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\NETHACK_>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\PART2A>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\PART7>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\SERVER_L>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\STYLE_GU>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GAMES\VIDEO_GA>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GPP_FAQ\PLAIN>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GPP_FAQ\TEXI>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GRAPH\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GRAPH\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GRAPH\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\GREE_FAQ\CULTURE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\HAM_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\INVE_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\LIN_FAQ\GUIDE>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\MAIL_LST\PART4>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MAIL_PTH\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MAIL_SET\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MANGA\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MANGA\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MANGA\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MANGA\PRIMER>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MANGA\RESOURCE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MANGA\WELCOME>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MOD_LIST\DIFF1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MOD_LIST\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MOTF_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MOTF_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\MSDS_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MSDS_FAQ\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MSDS_FAQ\PART4>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\ADDRESSE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\CLASSICA>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\COMPOSIT>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\FTP_SITE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\GUIDELIN>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\GUITAR_T>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\JAM_SESS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\NETJAM_F>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\NEWSGROU>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\RESOURCE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\SCI_FI_R>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\SOURCES>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\MUSIC\WELCOME>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NET_INFO\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NEWSGRPS\DIFF1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NEWSGRPS\DIFF2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NEWSGRPS\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NEWSGRPS\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NEWS_ANS\ADMINIST>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NEWS_ANS\GUIDELIN>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NEWS_ANS\INTRODUC>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NEWS_INT\DIFF1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NEWS_INT\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NUDE_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\NUDE_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\OBJ_C\CLASSES>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\OBJ_C\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\OBJ_C\SAMPLE_P>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\OS2_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\OS2_FAQ\PROG>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PCGE_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PCGE_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PCGE_FAQ\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PC_UNIX\HARDWARE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PC_UNIX\SOFTWARE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PERIODIC\DIFF>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PERIODIC\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PERIODIC\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PERIODIC\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PERL_FAQ\DIFF>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PERL_FAQ\PART0>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PERL_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PERL_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PICT_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PICT_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PICT_FAQ\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\POST_RUL\DIFF1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\POST_RUL\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PPP_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PRATCHET\BIBLIOGR>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PRATCHET\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PROLOG\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PROLOG\RESOURCE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PS_FAQ\PART11>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PS_FAQ\PART12>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PS_FAQ\PART1_4>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PS_FAQ\PART5_6>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PS_FAQ\PART7_10>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART01>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART02>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART03>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART04>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART05>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART06>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART09>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART11>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART12>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART13>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART14>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\PUZZ_FAQ\PART15>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\RC_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\RC_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\REC_AUTO\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\REC_AUTO\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\REC_AUTO\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\REC_AUTO\PART4>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\REC_AUTO\PART5>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\ROBO_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\ROBO_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\RUN_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\RUN_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\RUN_FAQ\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SCA_FAQ\PART01>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SCA_FAQ\PART02>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SCA_FAQ\PART03>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SCA_FAQ\PART04>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SCO\EFS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SCO\SLS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SCO\XENIX>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SCO\XENIX_DI>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SIMPSONS\DIFF>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SIMPSONS\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SKAT_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SKAT_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\SKAT_FAQ\PART4>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SKAT_FAQ\PART5>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SKAT_FAQ\PART6>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SKAT_FAQ\PART7>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SOC_NEWS\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SOFT_ENG\PART0>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SOFT_ENG\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SOFT_ENG\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SOFT_ENG\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\ACRONYMS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\ADDRESSE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\ASTRONAU>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\CONSTANT>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\CONTROVE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\DATA>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\DIFF>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\GROUPS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\INTRO>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\LAUNCHER>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\MATH>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\MNEMONIC>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\NET>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\NEW_PROB>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\PROBE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\REFERENC>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\SPACE\SCHEDULE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\STAR_TRK\LOCATION>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\STAR_TRK\PART1>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\STAR_TRK\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\STAR_TRK\PART4>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\STAR_TRK\SHIPS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TC\ABBREVS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TC\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TC\GROUPS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TC\UPABB>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TCL_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TCL_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TCL_FAQ\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TECH_SIT\DIFF>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TECH_SIT\LIST>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TEX_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TEX_FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TEX_FAQ\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TEX_FAQ\TEX_FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TURGO_GF\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TURGO_GF\PRODUCT_>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TYP_FAQ\GENERAL>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TYP_FAQ\KEYBOARD>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\TYP_FAQ\SOFTWARE>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\WIZARDS_>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\FAQ\CONTENTS>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\FAQ\DIFF>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\FAQ\PART2>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\FAQ\PART3>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\FAQ\PART4>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\FAQ\PART6>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\FAQ\PART7>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\SHELL\CSH_WHYN>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\SHELL\DIFF>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\SHELL\INTRO>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\UNIX\DIFF>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\UNIX_FAQ\UNIX\INTRO>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\USE_FAQ\DIFF1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\USE_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\USE_PRIM\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\USE_SOFT\DIFF1>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\USE_STY\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\WAIS_FAQ\SERVER_B>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\WHAT_IS\PART1>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\WRITING\BIBLIOGR>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\WRITING\FAQ>>Faq.txt
- TYPE F:\FAQS\X_FAQ\PART1>>Faq.txt
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- TYPE F:\FAQS\X_FAQ\SPEEDUPS>>Faq.txt
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu comp.sources.wanted:24482 alt.sources.wanted:3498 news.answers:4623
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!athena.mit.edu!jik
- From: jik@athena.mit.edu (Jonathan I. Kamens)
- Newsgroups: comp.sources.wanted,alt.sources.wanted,news.answers
- Subject: How to find sources (READ THIS BEFORE POSTING)
- Supersedes: <csw_faq_721720821@athena.mit.edu>
- Followup-To: poster
- Date: 16 Dec 1992 06:01:15 GMT
- Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Lines: 986
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 29 Jan 1993 06:01:11 GMT
- Message-ID: <csw_faq_724485671@athena.mit.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pit-manager.mit.edu
-
- Archive-name: finding-sources
- Version: $Id: csw_faq,v 1.102 1992/11/10 10:10:12 jik Exp $
-
- I. Table of contents
-
- This article contains the following sections.
-
- I. Table of contents
- II. Introduction
- III. How do you find sources?
- IV. Things not do do
- V. Searching techniques in detail
- 1. Usenet source newsgroups
- 2. The "archie" database
- 3. Tom Czarnik's anonymous ftp directory
- 4. The "ftpable-readmes" WAIS database
- 5. Comp.archives
- 6. Comp.sources.wanted
- 7. Prospero
- 8. Mail server queries
- VI. File retrieval techniques in detail
- 1. By anonymous ftp
- 2. By anonymous UUCP
- 3. By mail
- a. Hrc mail archive
- b. Uunet mail archive
- c. BITFTP
- d. Ftpmail
- e. AT&T's netlib archive
- f. Periodic posting archives
- g. Trickle mail servers
- h. Other mail servers
- VII. Credits
-
- To find a particular section, search forward for a line beginning with
- the Roman numeral corresponding to the desired section. For example,
- search forward for "IV." at the beginning of the line to find the
- section entitled "Things not to do". Alternatively, if your news
- reader supports commands to "undigestify" and/or skip to the next
- section in a digest message, you can use those commands to view this
- message, since it is in digest format (the section you are reading now
- is the "preamble" of the digest).
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- II. Introduction
-
- This posting discusses the resources available to people who are
- looking for source code. Please read it before posting source code
- requests to comp.sources.wanted, alt.sources.wanted or any other
- newsgroup.
-
- Comments about, suggestions about or corrections to this posting are
- welcomed. If you would like to ask me to change this posting in some
- way, the method I appreciate most is for you to actually make the
- desired modifications to a copy of the posting, and then to send me
- the modified posting, or a context diff between my posted version and
- your modified version (if you do the latter, make sure to include in
- your mail the "Version:" line from my posted version). Submitting
- changes in this way makes dealing with them easier for me and helps to
- avoid misunderstandings about what you are suggesting.
-
- DO NOT send me private E-mail asking me to help you locate source
- code. Nearly everything I know about finding sources is documented in
- this posting. If you can't find something by following the
- instructions below, then I'm not going to be able to find it either.
- Furthermore, sending me E-mail asking for help BEFORE following the
- instructions below is right out.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- III. How do you find sources?
-
- The method you use for locating sources depends on exactly what you
- are looking for. Here are several possible routes to follow; pick the
- one that best suits your needs. The descriptions below mention
- general techniques (e.g. "Check the Usenet source newsgroup indices.")
- which are described in detail later in this posting. These
- descriptions are listed in order from most preferred to least
- preferred solution. You will notice that "Post in
- comp.sources.wanted" is listed last. This is because posting
- a message in comp.sources.wanted should only be used as a last resort
- when you have exhausted all other alternatives.
-
- Once you have located your source code using the instructions below,
- you can retrieve it via anonymous ftp or E-mail (depending on what is
- accessible to you and on where the code is archived); this is
- described in detail later in this posting.
-
- Before following *any* of the routes below, the first thing you should
- do is exhaust the local resources that are available to you. Often, a
- program that you are looking for will already be accessible somewhere
- on your system. Since each site has different local resources, it's
- impossible to give details here about the resources at any specific
- site. All that can be said is, "Find someone at your site to ask."
- Nearly every site has someone whose job it is to answer questions from
- other users, and the sites that don't have someone doing it officially
- often have someone doing it unofficially. If you cannot find what you
- want after checking things out locally, or if you can't find anyone to
- ask, then proceed as follows.
-
- 1. "I know the name of the program I want, but I don't know where to
- get it."
-
- a. Check the indices for the various main Usenet source newsgroups.
-
- b. Check with archie.
-
- c. Check Tom Czarnik's anonymous ftp directory.
-
- d. Check comp.archives.
-
- e. Check the "ftpable-readmes" WAIS database.
-
- f. Post to comp.sources.wanted.
-
- g. If you are looking for an MS-DOS program, check
- pd1:<msdos.filelist>simlist.arc on wsmr-simtel20.army.mil or
- /pc/INDEX.ZIP on garbo.uwasa.fi, available via anonymous ftp
- (see the section below about how to retrieve a file via
- anonymous ftp).
-
- 2. "I know the name of the program I want, and I know which newsgroup
- it was posted in, but didn't save it when it was posted and now I
- find that I need it."
-
- DO NOT post a message to comp.sources.wanted saying, "I didn't save
- all of this when it was archived, could someone please send it to
- me?" If the code was posted in a source newsgroup, then it is
- archived somewhere. Follow the instructions below for retrieving
- code from Usenet source newsgroup archives.
-
- 3. "Some parts of the <x> package in source newsgroup <y> didn't
- arrive here. Did anybody else have this problem? Could someone
- send me the parts I'm missing?"
-
- If you did not receive part of a package, and you think that the
- problem that caused you not to receive it is more widespread than
- just your site, send a message to the poster of the package and let
- him know that you think it may not have propagated everywhere. He
- will act as a clearinghouse for problem reports and, if there are
- enough of them, repost the missing parts.
-
- If you want to get the missing parts, asking for them in a posting
- is a bad idea for two reasons. First of all, you may very well get
- lots of people mailing you the missing parts, enough to swamp your
- mailbox or your mail feed (You can avoid this, to some extent, by
- saying, "Please write to me if you have it -- don't send me the
- whole thing unless I respond and ask you to!" but you still may end
- up getting many more responses than you need). Second, since you
- can get the missing parts from the Usenet source newsgroup archives
- using the instructions below, it is a waste of the Usenet's
- resources to post a message asking for them.
-
- 4. "I am looking for source code that does <x>."
-
- Follow the same process as (1) above, but instead of searching for
- the name of the program, search for keywords in your description of
- what you're looking for. For example, if you're looking for
- graphical clocks that run under the X window system, you might
- search for the word "clock" in the index for comp.sources.x.
-
- 5. "I am looking for source code that does <x>," where <x> is
- something algorithmic or mathematical that is commonly solved with
- computers.
-
- Check AT&T's "netlib" archive (which is accessible via E-mail as
- described below, or via anonymous ftp to research.att.com {username
- "netlib" instead of "anonymous"}), and if that doesn't work,
- proceed as in (3) above.
-
- Alternatively, if you don't mind doing some typing and/or
- programming, several reference books provide detailed descriptions,
- pseudocode, and sometimes even code for for numerous popular (and
- obscure) algorithms. Several good books to check are:
-
- Comer, Douglas E. and David L. Stevens. "Internetworking
- with TCP/IP, Volume II: Design, Implementation, and
- Internals", Prentice Hall, 1991, ISBN 0-13-472242-6.
-
- Foley, J. D. et al. "Computer Graphics: Principles and
- Practice", Second Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1990, ISBN
- 0-201-12210-7.
-
- Knuth, Donald E. "The Art of Computer Programming" (3
- volumes), Addison-Wesley, 1973.
-
- Plauger, P. J. "The Standard C Library", Prentice Hall,
- 1992, ISBN 0-13-131509-9.
-
- Press, William H. et al. "Numerical Recipes, The Art of
- Scientific Computing", Cambridge University Press, 1989,
- ISBN 0-521-38330-7. (Fortran code)
-
- Press, William H. et al. "Numerical Recipes in C, The Art
- of Scientific Computing", Cambridge University Press, 1988,
- ISBN 0-521-35465-X. (C Code)
-
- Sedgewick, Robert. "Algorithms", Addison-Wesley, 1988.
- (Pascal code)
-
- Sedgewick, Robert. "Algorithms in C", Addison-Wesley,
- 1990, ISBN 0-201-51425-7. (C code)
-
- The publishers of several of these books also make available floppy
- disks containing machine-readable source code. Furthermore, Turbo
- Pascal Numerical Recipes code is available for anonymous ftp in
- /pc/turbopas/nrpas13.zip on garbo.uwasa.fi.
-
- 6. "I am looking for source code that does <x> under the X window
- system."
-
- As in (3), but after checking the Usenet source newsgroup indices
- (most importantly, that of comp.sources.x), check the anonymous ftp
- archive on export.lcs.mit.edu.
-
- See also the postings entitled "Frequently Asked Questions about X
- with Answers," posted monthly in comp.windows.x and various other
- X-related newsgroups. Those postings discuss in detail how to get
- X sources of various sorts. If these postings have expired at your
- site, see the documentation below about retrieving postings from
- the periodic posting archive.
-
- 7. "I'm looking for neat programs to run on my <x> machine."
-
- Don't post questions like this. The amount of source code
- available on the Usenet is incredible; you are essentially asking
- for a summary of all of it. Browse through the various archives
- mentioned in this posting if you want to find something like this.
-
- 8. "I'm looking for NetNews software <x>."
-
- See the posting entitled "USENET Software: History and Sources,"
- posted periodically in news.admin and news.announce.newusers. If
- it has expired at your site, see the documentation below about
- retrieving postings from the periodic posting archive.
-
- 9. "I'm looking for the source code for Unix."
-
- Most implementations of Unix contain source code that is, at least
- to some extent, proprietary and not freely redistributable. If you
- are looking for the source code to a particular Unix utility, you
- may have better luck looking for a public-domain reimplementation
- of that utility, using (1) or (3) above. Furthermore, the Free
- Software Foundation (which is dedicated to the goal of making high
- quality free software, including a complete Unix-compatible
- software system called GNU, available for everyone) may distribute
- a freely redistributable version of the utility, protected by the
- GNU Public License (Tom Czarnik's list mentions many anonymous ftp
- archive sites for FSF software; furthermore, the hrc mail server
- archives some FSF software).
-
- Also, if the utility was written by the folks who do the BSD
- variant of Unix, then it might be available in the various BSD
- source archives (the best one is probably gatekeeper.dec.com;
- ftp.uu.net has a bsd-sources directory too, and it contains some
- sources that are not in the gatekeeper archive, but the sources
- there are for 4.3reno BSD and might be difficult to compile under
- other types of Unix) on the net (see Tom Czarnik's list to find
- them).
-
- There are two freely redistributable implementations of Unix. The
- first is 386BSD, which is based on BSD Unix sources, and the second
- is Linux. Both of these run on 386-class machines. For more
- information about them, see the comp.unix.bsd and comp.os.linux
- newsgroups, or look for 386BSD and Linux in the source archives
- using the instructions above.
-
- 10. "I'm looking for a dictionary/thesaurus/encyclopedia."
-
- There are few, if any, freely redistributable full dictionary or
- thesaurus databases. There are, however, some freely available
- word lists and/or synonym lists. One archive of such files
- (including word lists in Dutch, English, French, German, Italian
- and possibly others) is the anonymous ftp directory
- /pub/dictionaries on ftp.cs.vu.nl. Another archive is the
- anonymous ftp directory /dict on ftp.gmd.de [129.26.8.90].
-
- There also appears to be a package called "thesplus" for the PC,
- that may or may not contain a thesaurus database and software (I
- don't know anything about it). One archive site for it is the file
- /ux1/pc/exec-pc/thesplus.zip on the anonymous ftp machine
- mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu. I think this package may be shareware and
- therefore not freely redistributable in the strictest sense of the
- term.
-
- Also, Project Gutenberg has an old (but relatively good) thesaurus
- available on-line. It's accessible via anonymous ftp in /pub/etext
- on the machine mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu. it's also accessible via WAIS
- (ask the WAIS directory of servers for "thesaurus" in order to
- locate it).
-
- If you've already got the database (e.g. on a NeXT machine), you
- may be able to find sources for code to manipulate it; see (3)
- above.
-
- If you really need to find a dictionary or thesaurus for on-line
- use, and the ones already mentioned won't help you, then you're
- probably going to have to pay somebody for it. Any
- reasonably-sized software catalog for your type of computer is
- probably going to mention dictionary software, and if not, then
- calling the computer stores around your town should help you to
- locate some.
-
- You are even less likely to find a freely redistributable
- encyclopedia than you are to find a dictionary or thesaurus.
- Encyclopedias cost a lot of money to put together, and the
- companies that do so therefore tend to be very protective about
- their copyrights. Although some encyclopedia publishers have made
- their work available on-line on commercial services (e.g. Prodigy),
- none have made them freely redistributable. If you want an
- electronic encyclopedia, you're going to have to pay someone for
- it (by looking in a software catalog, as mentioned above).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- IV. Things not to do
-
- 1. Don't post messages to source newsgroups (e.g. comp.sources.unix,
- comp.sources.misc, etc.) asking for sources.
-
- There are newsgroups specifically for source requests. If you post
- a request to a moderated source newsgroup, then the moderator has
- to deal with it (and he probably doesn't want to have to deal with
- source requests from all over the Usenet), and if you post a
- request to an unmoderated source newsgroup, then archives of that
- newsgroup end up with cruft (i.e. your request) in them.
-
- 2. Unless you have a particularly special request that is likely to be
- intrinsically interesting to the readers of a "topic" newsgroup,
- don't post requests in such newsgroups. Just because you're
- looking for Unix software doesn't mean your request belongs on
- comp.unix.questions. Just because the software you're looking for
- is likely to be written in C doesn't mean your request belongs on
- comp.lang.c. Source requests belong in the "wanted" newsgroups;
- that's what they're there for.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- V. Searching techniques in detail
-
- 1. Usenet source newsgroups
-
- There are many Usenet newsgroups in which source code is posted,
- and most of them are archived. They include:
-
- alt.sources
- comp.sources.3b1
- comp.sources.acorn
- comp.sources.amiga
- comp.sources.apple2
- comp.sources.atari.st
- comp.sources.games
- comp.sources.mac
- comp.sources.misc
- comp.sources.reviewed
- comp.sources.sun
- comp.sources.unix
- comp.sources.x
- vmsnet.sources
- vmsnet.sources.games
-
- If you're looking for software for a particular machine or
- operating system, you should check the source archives that are
- appropriate (e.g. checking "comp.sources.mac" if you're looking for
- programs to run under SunOS probably wouldn't be very profitable),
- as well as the general archives such as alt.sources or
- comp.sources.misc.
-
- Sites that archive Usenet source newsgroups usually provide some
- method of getting an index of the files in each newsgroup's
- archive. If you are accessing an anonymous ftp archive, then this
- index will usually appear as a file called "index" or "Index" in
- the top-level archive of the newsgroup, or in each volume of the
- newsgroup's archive.
-
- If you are accessing a mail archive, then the instructions for
- using that archive should explain how to get indices of the
- newsgroups that are archived.
-
- If you are accessing an anonymous UUCP archive (see below), you are
- usually told when you are given the phone number and password for
- the archive how to get the top-level index for the archive, which
- will tell you how to get other indices and files.
-
- To find anonymous ftp archives of Usenet newsgroups, check Tom
- Czarnik's anonymous ftp directory (see below). The most
- well-known Usenet newsgroup archive is probably ftp.uu.net, which
- archives comp.sources.3b1, comp.sources.amiga, comp.sources.games,
- comp.sources.misc, comp.sources.reviewed, comp.sources.sun,
- comp.sources.unix, and comp.sources.x, among other things. Another
- large Usenet archive site is wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4),
- which archives alt.sources, comp.sources.mac, and
- comp.sources.apple2, in addition to most of the newsgroups archived
- on ftp.uu.net. A very large European anonymous ftp site is
- nic.funet.fi (128.214.6.100), which archives Usenet newsgroups and
- mirrors several foreign specialized ftp servers. Other large
- European archive sites are mcsun.eu.net (192.16.202.1) and
- inria.inria.fr (192.93.2.1). If you are in Europe, you should look
- on one of these sites for things you need before trying sites
- elsewhere.
-
- The vmsnet newsgroups are archived on black.cerritos.edu and
- acfcluster.nyu.edu. See also the posting "Monthly info posting:
- vmsnet.sources archive sites" in vmsnet.sources.d and comp.os.vms;
- if it has expired at your site, see the documentation below about
- retrieving postings from the periodic posting archive.
-
- The mail archive server on hrc.UUCP (see below) archives
- alt.sources, comp.sources.unix, comp.sources.games,
- comp.sources.misc, comp.sources.x, and comp.sources.sun, among
- other things.
-
- 2. The "archie" database
-
- "Archie" is a database of anonymous ftp sites and their contents.
- The software for it was written by the "Archie Group" (Peter
- Deutsch, Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan, and Mike Parker) at McGill
- University in Montreal, Canada, and they maintain the database as
- well.
-
- "Archie" keeps track of the entire contents of a very large number
- of anonymous ftp sites, and allows you to search for files on those
- sites using various different kinds of filename searches. Archie
- also has a software description database (with contents similar to
- the output of the "whatis" command under Unix), on which you can do
- keyword searches.
-
- The following machines are currently running and advertising the
- archie service:
-
- Host name Internet address Country
- ------------------- ---------------- --------------
- archie.ans.net 147.225.1.2 United States
- archie.au 139.130.4.6 Australia
- New Zealand
- archie.doc.ic.ac.uk 146.169.11.3 United Kingdom
- archie.funet.fi 128.214.6.100 Finland
- archie.mcgill.ca 132.206.2.3 Canada
- archie.ncu.edu.tw 140.115.19.24 Taiwan
- archie.rutgers.edu 128.6.18.15 North America
- archie.sura.net 128.167.254.179 United States
- archie.unl.edu 129.93.1.14 North America
- archie.wide.ad.jp 133.4.3.6 Japan
- cs.huji.ac.il 132.65.6.5 Israel
-
- Archie sites may soon be available elsewhere as well.
-
- You can access archie at most of these machines in one of three
- different ways:
-
- 1. Telnet or rlogin to the machine with username "archie" and no
- password.
-
- 2. Send mail to archie@machine (e.g. archie@archie.au). Send a
- message with "help" in the body to find out more.
-
- 3. Use one of the Prospero-based archie clients.
-
- The site in Japan, archie.wide.ad.jp, supports only the third
- method.
-
- The third method listed is the preferred one, because it puts less
- of a load on the archie servers and is faster than the other two
- methods (its one drawback is that it does not yet provide an
- interface to the archie "whatis" database). If you already have
- Prospero installed at your site (see below), then you can search
- archie by vcd'ing to the directory /archive-sites/archie/regex and
- using "vls" with the regular expression for which you want to
- search. Alternatively, you can get one of the stand-alone archie
- clients that does not require all of Prospero in order to run. The
- clients currently available include a C version with a text
- interface, a C version with an X interface, and a perl version with
- a text interface. They are available for anonymous ftp in
- /archie/clients or /pub/archie/clients at each of the archie sites
- listed above.
-
- When using archie, you should connect to the site from the list
- above that is closest to you, network-wise.
-
- If you would like more information about archie, you can write to
- archie-l@cs.mcgill.ca.
-
- (Note to Janet/PSS users -- the United Kingdom archie site is
- accessible on the Janet host doc.ic.ac.uk [000005102000]. Connect
- to it and specify "archie" as the host name and "archie" as the
- username.)
-
- 3. Tom Czarnik's anonymous ftp directory
-
- Tom Czarnik maintains an extensive list of anonymous ftp sites and
- overviews of their contents. The list is posted monthly to
- comp.misc, comp.sources.wanted and alt.sources.wanted. If it has
- expired at your site, see the documentation below about retrieving
- postings from the periodic posting archive.
-
- 4. The "ftpable-readmes" WAIS database
-
- Vincent Cate maintains a WAIS database of README files for various
- packages on anonymous ftp sites all over the Internet. The
- database is called "readmes", on port 210 of the host
- alex.sp.cs.cmu.edu [128.2.209.13]. For more information, connect
- to the WAIS server on that host and search for README in the "INFO"
- database in order to retrieve the entire source for the
- ftpable-readmes database, or retrieve it from think.com's
- directory-of-servers WAIS database.
-
- For more information about WAIS, retrieve the file /wais/README
- from the anonymous ftp server think.com.
-
- 5. Comp.archives
-
- The comp.archives newsgroup, moderated by Adam J. Richter
- <adam@soda.berkeley.edu>, contains announcements of archive sites
- and their contents. If you cannot find what you're looking for in
- the comp.archives postings available at your site at any given
- time, then you can read the newsgroup for a while and watch for new
- postings that are of interest to you, or you can try to find an
- archive site that archives the postings in comp.archives (e.g.
- wuarchive.wustl.edu, cs.dal.ca).
-
- Furthermore, comp.archives is accessible via WAIS, in the database
- named "comp.archives" on port 9000 on talon.ucs.orst.edu. If you
- don't know what WAIS is, don't worry about it.
-
- 6. Comp.sources.wanted
-
- When you post a message to comp.sources.wanted or
- alt.sources.wanted, the important thing to remember is to BE
- SPECIFIC. If you're working under Unix, make sure to mention that;
- possibly, mention even what type of Unix. If you're not working
- under Unix, make sure to mention what operating system and machine
- type you *are* working under.
-
- Remember to choose a meaningful Subject line for your message;
- something like, "Can you help me?" is very unhelpful to people who
- ARE willing to help, and may just cause some of them to not bother
- reading your posting. Try to summarize what you're looking for
- meaningfully in your Subject line.
-
- Also, it is usually a good idea to ask for people to send you
- E-mail rather than posting responses. Say that if enough people
- write to you and ask for copies of whatever responses you get, then
- you'll summarize the responses in a later posting to the newsgroup,
- and if that happens, then DO post the summary.
-
- Finally, don't say, "Would someone please mail me <x>?" Say,
- "Would someone please tell me where I can get <x>, or what's
- available that does <x>? If you can mail it to me, please let me
- know, and I'll let you know if I want you to." This avoids the
- problem of several people mailing you what you requested and
- overflowing your mailbox.
-
- 7. Prospero
-
- If you are a Unix site on the Internet, you can use the Prospero
- system (whose author is Clifford Neuman) to search through archives
- of various sorts all over the Internet, and to retrieve files once
- you have found them. Prospero uses a virtual filesystem which
- allows you to transparently view directories and retrieve files.
- There is some overlap between Prospero and other resources
- mentioned in this document; for example, both archie and the
- periodic posting archives on pit-manager.mit.edu are accessible via
- Prospero.
-
- The Prospero software is available in /pub/prospero.tar.Z on
- cs.washington.edu; the user software may already be installed at
- your site, and if not, you can get it and install it yourself. For
- more information about Prospero, send mail to
- info-prospero@isi.edu.
-
- 8. Mail server queries
-
- Anonymous ftp is most effectively used only for retrieving files
- and not for searching for them, since it is a file transfer
- protocol and not much more than that. However, many (if not all)
- of the mail archive servers which allow file retrieval by
- electronic mail provide a more functional (albeit slower) interface
- than ftp which allows you to query the servers to find out what
- they have available on them. Therefore, if you find it necessary
- to use mail archive servers to get files, take advantage of the
- indexing and search features available on the servers. The
- features of individual servers can not be documented here, because
- there are too many different servers running too many different
- kinds of software, but the instructions below do explain how to ask
- the servers for help and find out what commands they support.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- VI. File retrieval techniques in detail
-
- 1. By anonymous ftp
-
- If you are on a site that is connected to the Internet and allows
- its users to ftp out to other Internet sites, then you have
- anonymous ftp access. The usual procedure for using anonymous ftp
- is to type the command "ftp machine-name", where "machine-name" is
- the name of the machine to which you want to connect, and then to
- use "anonymous" as the username and "user@host" (i.e. your E-mail
- address) as the password when you are prompted for it by ftp.
-
- Type "help" inside ftp to get a list of commands, and/or read the
- man page for ftp, or any other documentation about it available at
- your site for more information. If they don't answer your
- question, then ask someone at your site for help.
-
- If you don't have Internet and ftp access, then you can use an
- ftp-mail server such as Princeton's BITFTP or ftpmail to retrieve
- files from anonymous ftp archives. However, you should only use an
- ftp-mail server when the same files are not available from a
- dedicated mail archive server. See the BITFTP and ftpmail
- instructions below.
-
- 2. By anonymous UUCP
-
- There are various UUCP sites on the net that publish their modem
- telephone numbers and a public username and password that can be
- used to transfer files from the sites via UUCP. For more
- information about doing this, see the documentation for the "uucp"
- command on your system.
-
- One place to find information about anonymous UUCP archives is the
- Nixpub listing of public access Unix sites, maintained by Phil
- Eschallier and posted in comp.misc and alt.bbs. If that posting
- has expired at your site, you can get copies of it from the
- Periodic posting archive described below.
-
- 3. By mail
-
- a. Hrc mail archive
-
- As mentioned above, the UUCP host "hrc" maintains an archive of
- Usenet source newsgroups and other things. To find out how to use
- it, send mail to "hrc!archives", or "archives@hrc.UUCP", or
- whatever format your site uses to send mail to the user "archives"
- on the machine "hrc", and include the following commands in the
- body of the message:
-
- send path <address>
- send help
-
- You should replace <address> with a path from hrc to you. If you
- know a prominent UUCP site that has you in its path, then your path
- can start at that site, e.g. "uunet!mit-athena!jik" (PLEASE don't
- use that address, or I'll get the responses to your requests!). If
- you're on a site that has a name registered with the Internet name
- servers, you can use "uunet!athena.mit.edu!jik".
-
- b. Uunet mail archive
-
- Uunet.uu.net provides E-mail access to the sources it archives (see
- the discussion about ftp.uu.net above for some idea of what is
- available). The address to which to send requests is
- "netlib@uunet.uu.net". You can send a message containing "help" in
- its body for more information. Note, however, that this service
- does not provide access to all of UUNET's archived files, so you
- may have to use an ftp-by-mail service instead to get to some of
- them.
-
- c. BITFTP
-
- The BITFTP server, run by Princeton University, allows people on
- the BITNET to retrieve via E-mail files at anonymous ftp archive
- sites. To find out how to use it, send mail to
- "bitftp@pucc.bitnet" with "help" in the body. The BITFTP server
- will reject requests from non-BITNET addresses, so if you're not on
- the BITNET and you need to do anonymous ftp retrieval via E-mail,
- you should use ftpmail (see below).
-
- d. Ftpmail
-
- Ftpmail servers allow you to retrieve via E-mail files at anonymous
- ftp archive sites. Two ftpmail servers currently available are
- "ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com" and "ftpmail@src.doc.ic.ac.uk". To find
- out how to use an ftpmail server, send mail to it with "help" in
- the body. If you're on the BITNET, please use the BITFTP server
- (see above) rather than ftpmail.
-
- NOTE: Don't do something bogus like send your requests both to
- BITFTP and ftpmail, or to multiple ftpmail servers, hoping that one
- of them will get back to you first. Choose one server for your
- request, and use it.
-
- e. AT&T's netlib archive
-
- AT&T's "netlib" archive is the repository for a large body of
- source code and other material, much of it mathematical,
- algorithmic or scientific in nature.
-
- The archive is accessible via anonymous ftp to
- research.att.com, or via electronic mail. To find out how to use
- the mail server, send mail to "netlib@research.att.com" with "help"
- in the body of the message.
-
- f. Periodic posting archive
-
- As mentioned above, The machine pit-manager.mit.edu (18.172.1.27)
- maintains an archive of periodic Usenet postings. You can access
- it via anonymous ftp, or via mail server. To find out how to use
- the mail server, send a message to
- "mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu" with Subject "help".
-
- The archive on pit-manager is also accessible via WAIS. If you
- don't know what that is, don't worry about it; if you do know what
- it is, you can search through periodic Usenet postings by
- connecting to the "usenet" WAIS database on pit-manager.mit.edu.
-
- g. Trickle mail servers
-
- A BITnet mail server package called "Trickle" is supported at a
- number of different BITnet sites all over the world:
-
- Austria: trickle@awiwuw11.bitnet
- Denmark: trickle@dktc11.bitnet
- Belgium: trickle@banufs11.bitnet
- France: trickle@frmop11.bitnet
- Germany: trickle@dtuzdv1.bitnet
- Italy: trickle@imipoli.bitnet
- Netherlands: trickle@hearn.bitnet
- Spain: trickle@eb0ub011.bitnet
- Turkey: trickle@trearn.bitnet
- Israel: trickle@taunivm.bitnet
-
- These archives contain files of all sorts from a number of
- different major anonymous ftp archive sites, including
- wsmr-simtel20.army.mil, ftp.uu.net, export.lcs.mit.edu and
- sauna.hut.fi. They are a good way for people on the BITnet to get
- access to archives.
-
- To find out how to use Trickle send a mail message to the Trickle
- server closest to you with "/HELP" in the body of the message and
- an empty Subject: line.
-
- h. Other mail servers
-
- There are other mail servers besides the ones listed above. If you
- want to find out more about a server, send a message to it with
- "help" in the body and see what it sends back.
-
- The following is a list of some of the available services. Others
- are listed in Scott Yanoff's "Updated Internet Services list"
- posting, which appears regularly in alt.internet.services,
- comp.misc, biz.comp.services, alt.bbs.internet, and news.answers.
-
- archive-server@ames.arc.nasa.gov
- Space archives (also accessible via
- anonymous ftp to ames.arc.nasa.gov)
- archive-server@athena-dist.mit.edu
- MIT Project Athena papers and source
- code (also accessible via anonymous
- ftp to athena-dist.mit.edu)
- archive-server@bcm.tmc.edu UUCP maps, source-code for BCM WHOIS
- database, NFS and PC-NFS information
- and source-code, Unisys U-series
- information and source code, other
- stuff
- archive-server@cc.purdue.edu NeXT stuff (also accessible via
- anonymous ftp to sonta.cc.purdue.edu
- or nova.cc.purdue.edu)
- archive-server@chsun1.uchicago.edu
- Computer Underground Digest and
- references
- archive-server@cs.leidenuniv.nl
- IPX, "patch" for MS-DOS, "sps" diffs
- for SunOS 4.1
- archive-server@dsi.com Datacomp Systems, Inc. Elm and
- Elm-related stuff
- archive-server@eclectic.com Mac-security digest, information about
- Eclectic, other stuff
- archive-server@germany.eu.net
- Archives of MS-DOS, Amiga, and Apple
- newsgroups, Internet RFCs, other stuff
- archive-server@joshua.atherton.com
- Archives of Atherton Technology
- mailing lists and other files; Sun RPC
- sources and files; other sources and
- files
- archive-server@ncsa.uiuc.edu NCSA stuff, especially telnet and tcp
- for mac/pc
- archive-server@rice.edu Sun-spots, sun-source and sun-icons,
- plus other software written or
- influenced by people at Rice (also
- accessible via anonymous ftp to
- titan.rice.edu)
- archive-server@st.cs.uiuc.edu
- Ralph Johnson's UIUC smalltalk archive
- (also accessible via anonymous ftp to
- st.cs.uiuc.edu)
- archive-server@sun.soe.clarkson.edu
- IBM and other good stuff (also
- accessible via anonymous ftp to
- sun.soe.clarkson.edu)
- archive-server@wdl1.wdl.loral.com
- WDL archive server: snfs, tsig stuff
- clinton-wins@mail.cinton-gore.org
- Information about the Clinton-Gore
- presidential campaign
- cubelib@gmuvax2.gmu.edu iPSC User's Group
- doc-server@prl.dec.com Paris Research Lab (PRL) technical
- reports, articles, and notes; bignum
- package
- fileserv@shsu.bitnet General and VMS-specific TeX/LaTeX
- sources, sty files, extensions, etc.;
- mailing list archives; sources for VMS
- packages of various sorts
- ftp-mailer@ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de
- comp.sources.x, comp.sources.unix,
- comp.sources.misc, comp.sources.sun,
- comp.sources.games,
- comp.sources.atart.st,
- comp.binaries.ibm.pc, alt.sources
- archives, eunet.sources, and
- sub.sources archives, GNU, selected
- BSD, minix, selected X.V11R4 and
- X.V11R3, X.V11R5, comm tools (ie.
- kermit), various documents (ie. the
- Internet worm, rfcs, mach), TeX, and
- various other sources (also accessible
- via anonymous ftp)
- gene-server@bchs.uh.edu Genbank gene database server
- goodies-lib@cs.man.ac.uk Manchester smalltalk goodies archive
- graf-bib-server@decwrl.dec.com
- Graphix bibliography server; put
- keywords in mail Subject (also
- accessible via anonymous ftp to
- gatekeeper.dec.com)
- info-server@doc.ic.ac.uk Usenet source newsgroups, GNU, X11,
- news software, other stuff
- info-server@Germany.EU.net Lots of stuff, including GNU software,
- benchmarks, games, graphics utilities,
- etc. (also accessible via anonymous
- ftp)
- info-server@hp4nl.nluug.nl Macintosh, Sun, IBM-PC, Unix sources,
- some documents, GNU, graphics, Usenet
- archives (or lots of newsgroups), X
- window system, TeX, programming
- languages (lisp, icon, abc, others),
- news sources, network sources, other
- stuff
- info-server@sh.cs.net Internet community calendar, E-mail
- ftp server (currently unavailable),
- CSNET general information documents,
- CREN information, NSFNET information,
- Some Internet RFCs, a small amount of
- source code
- library@cme.nist.gov Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory
- (MEL) at the National Institute of
- Standards and Technology (NIST)
- archive
- lido@cs.uni-sb.de AI bibliographical server; put
- "lidosearch help" in mail Subject
- listserv@dhdurz1.bitnet
- listserv@orion.bitnet Erotica
- listserv@ubvm.bitnet Russian TeX
- listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu Same as listserv@ubvm.bitnet
- listserv@vm1.nodak.edu Lots of stuff from simtel-20; put "get
- pdget help" in mail body
- mail-server@cs.ruu.nl GIFs, Atari ST software, random
- documentation, ELM sources, Usenet FAQ
- postings, GNU software, HP-UX
- software, NN sources, SGI software,
- TeX software and TeXhax and TeXmag
- archives, random UNIX software, X11
- software, other stuff (also accessible
- via anonymous ftp to ftp.cs.ruu.nl)
- mail-server@nluug.nl Mostly UNIX-related files, from the
- Netherlands UNIX Users' Group
- mail-server@rusmv1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de
- German TeX archives; benchmarks,
- journal indices, RFCs, network info,
- unix info; X, mac, pc, sun, aix, vax,
- and other software (also accessible
- via anonymous ftp to
- rusmv1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de)
- mailserv@garbo.uwasa.fi PC software archives, frequently asked
- questions in various areas, some
- Usenet source archives
- netlib@draci.cs.uow.edu.au Australian Netlib (also accessible via
- anonymous ftp to draci.cs.uow.edu.au)
- netlib@mthvax.cs.miami.edu Various sources, digests and other
- miscellaneous stuff (also accessible
- via anonymous ftp to
- mthvax.cs.miami.edu)
- netlib@nac.no Mirror of AT&T netlib archive for use
- by European (non-UK) sites
- netlib@ornl.gov Similar to the AT&T netlib archive
- netlib@peregrine.com Rec.puzzles-related archives
- netlib@uunet.uu.net A large subset of what is available
- from uunet via anonymous ftp or
- anonymous uucp
- netlib@ukc.ac.uk UK netlib server (mostly same contents
- as AT&T's netlib) (some files also
- accessible via anonymous ftp to
- harrier.ukc.ac.uk {username "guest"})
- next-archive@cc.purdue.edu NeXT stuff (also accessible via
- anonymous ftp to sonta.cc.purdue.edu
- or nova.cc.purdue.edu)
- nistlib@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov Benchmarks, GOSIP
- nptserver@cme.nist.gov NIST Cals server (also accessible via
- anonymous ftp to durer.cme.nist.gov)
- object-archive-server@decwrl.dec.com
- OFF format (?) objects
- ps-file-server@adobe.COM PostScript stuff
- reduce-netlib@rand.org Sources related to REDUCE (A SAM
- system with emphasis on nuclear
- physics)
- reports@midgard.ucsc.edu Comp.os.research tech reports (also
- accessible via anonymous ftp to
- midgard.ucsc.edu)
- request@legato.com NFS benchmarking for determining if
- Legato board will help your server
- search@genbank.bio.net FASTA program for nucleic acid
- sequence
- service@nic.ddn.mil Internet RFCs and FYIs, NIC database
- registration, WHOIS database lookup
- source@ureview.com Programs and files from the magazine
- "Unix Review"
- statlib@lib.stat.cmu.edu Lots of statistical software (also
- accessible via anonymous ftp to
- lib.stat.cmu.edu -- username statlib)
- tech-reports@cs.columbia.edu Experimental server (?) address might
- point to a human
- telecom-archive-request@letni.lonestar.org
- Comp.dcom.telecom archive
- vax-pro@wkuvx1.bitnet Programs and files from the journal
- "VAX Professional: A Technical Journal
- for VMS Systems"
- wrl-techreports@decwrl.dec.com
- DEC WRL technical reports and
- abstracts
- wscott@ecn.purdue.edu HP 48 programs; put HP-MAIL-SERVER in
- mail Subject
- xstuff@expo.lcs.mit.edu MIT X Consortium files, mainly
- patches
-
- ------------------------------
-
- VII. Credits
-
- Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de> provided many of the addresses in the
- "Other mail servers" section above, and provided suggestions for
- several other sections. Andrew Purshottam <andyp@ibmpa.awdpa.ibm.com>
- also provided many mail archive server addresses. Bjorn P. Brox
- <brox@dms.corena.no> provided information about Trickle.
-
- These people provided feedback and corrections:
-
- Tom Cunningham <tomc@bouwsma.sps.mot.com>
- Eric Gross <ehg@research.att.com>
- Dan Jacobson <Dan_Jacobson@ATT.COM>
- Peter Deutsch <peterd@opus.cs.mcgill.ca>
- <FACN320@saupm00.bitnet>
- Charles Geyer <charlie@umnstat.stat.umn.edu>
- Edwin Kremer <edwin@cs.ruu.nl>
- Kent Landfield <kent@IMD.Sterling.COM>
- Jonathan Leech <leech@cs.unc.edu>
- Lee McLoughlin <L.McLoughlin@doc.ic.ac.uk>
- Allen McAuley <s3007588@mackay.mpce.mq.edu.au>
- Mark Maimone <mwm@cmu.edu>
- Michael Meyer <mikem+@andrew.cmu.edu>
- Petri Ojala <ojala@funet.fi>
- Douglas Quist <quist@thing1.sim.es.com>
- George V. Reilly <gvr@cs.brown.edu>
- John_Rouillard@dl5000.bc.edu
- Timo Salmi <ts@uwasa.fi>
- Rich Salz <rsalz@bbn.com>
- Heribert Schuetz <schuetz@informatik.tu-muenchen.de>
- Dan Shearer <ccdps@lux.levels.unisa.edu.au>
- Richard S. Smith <RSS%CALSTATE.bitnet@VM.USC.EDU>
- Mike Stump <mrs@charlie.secs.csun.edu>
- Steve Sullivan <sullivan@teal.csn.org>
- Steve Summit <scs@adam.mit.edu>
- Sydney S. Weinstein <syd@DSI.COM>
- Joe Wells <jbw@bigbird.bu.edu>
- Jon Whellams <mgjmw@cc.flinders.edu.au>
- George Wilson <gwilson@mrj.com>
- Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
- Christophe Wolfhugel <wolf@frwolf.gna.tfd.com>
- Adri Verhoef <a3@rivm39.rivm.nl>
- Ed Vielmetti <emv@msen.com>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- --
- Jonathan Kamens jik@MIT.Edu
- MIT Information Systems/Athena Moderator, news.answers
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu rec.pets:28914 rec.pets.cats:18826 rec.pets.dogs:24208 news.answers:4612
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!usenet
- From: tittle@ics.uci.edu (Cindy Tittle Moore)
- Newsgroups: rec.pets,rec.pets.cats,rec.pets.dogs,news.answers
- Subject: Fleas, Ticks, and Your Pet: FAQ
- Supersedes: <fleas-ticks_723016818@athena.mit.edu>
- Followup-To: poster
- Date: 15 Dec 1992 18:59:54 GMT
- Organization: University of California at Irvine: ICS Dept.
- Lines: 859
- Sender: tittle
- Approved: news-answers-request@pit-manager.mit.edu
- Expires: 13 Jan 1993 18:59:02 GMT
- Message-ID: <fleas-ticks_724445942@athena.mit.edu>
- Reply-To: tittle@ics.uci.edu
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pit-manager.mit.edu
- Summary: This is a FAQ on ridding your pet and home of fleas and
- dealing with ticks. It is posted every fifteen days.
- Additions and corrections are always welcome, send email to
- one of the addresses below.
- X-Last-Updated: 1992/11/29
-
- Archive-name: fleas-ticks
- Version: 1.8
- Last-modified: 29 November 1992
- Periodicity: 15 days
-
- Copies and updates of this FAQ may be obtained by anonymous ftp to
- pit-manager.mit.edu (18.172.1.27) under
- /pub/usenet/news.answers/fleas-ticks.
- Or send email to mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu with
- send usenet/news.answers/fleas-ticks
- in the subject line, leaving the body of the message empty.
-
- The genesis for this article originally appeared in the FAQ for
- rec.pets.cats. I subsequently put together a FAQ for rec.pets.dogs
- and did not want two versions. Thus, I split the topic off into its
- own FAQ, from which it has grown to its present state. As the summary
- line indicates, I welcome additions and corrections to this article
- (use the email addresses given at the end).
-
- There are many people who helped out with the original construction of
- this article. They have been thanked in the rec.pets.cats and
- rec.pets.dogs FAQs, although not specifically, so I no longer know who
- to thank for the initial information in here (you can let me know if
- you recognize your work in here and I'll put you down). All editing
- is mine, and any errors should be attributed to me (and brought to my
- attention for correction!).
-
- Thanks to: Shari Bernhard, Brad Christofferson, James Coggins, William
- S. Currie, Bill Dittman, Gene Dolgner, P.K. Geschwent, Jim Graham,
- Gary Greene, Paul Jackson, Kathy Johnson, Marget Johnson, Kay Klier,
- Jon Krueger, Kerry Kurasaki, Dana Massey, Liza Lee Miller, Jolly C.
- Pancakes, Jeff Parke, Edward Reid, Skywarrior, Susan R. Smart, Marlene
- Teague, Julia Tien, Laura Toms, Lesa Hobright Turner, Michael
- Waldvogel, Janeane L. Yeh and Frank Yeh Jr., and Rich Young for their
- comments and suggestions.
-
- A good deal of the information on fleas came from a posting by Dave
- Butler which I saw and saved several months ago. Dr. James Coggins
- did a presentation on ticks in Wisconsin from which I got much of the
- material on ticks and Lyme disease.
-
- Changes marked with |'s.
- Minor syntactic changes.
- Additional reference on Lyme disease added.
- Note on use of salt in carpet added.
- Note on PEST-X added.
-
-
- Table of Contents
-
- I. Fleas
- 1. In general
- a) How do they enter the house?
- b) Why should I worry about fleas?
- c) How can I tell if my pet has fleas?
- d) Preventive measures
- e) How to choose your methods
- f) Lifecycle
- g) Keeping clean
- 2. Natural methods
- 3. Spraying inside
- 4. Treating outdoors areas
- 5. Dipping your pet
- 6. Combing your pet
- 7. Powders
- 8. Borax and salt
- 9. Vacuum
- 10. Flea collars
- 11. Newborn animals
- 12. Toxicities
- 13. Systemic products
- 14. Homes with pregnant women or crawling infants
- 15. Preventing flea infestations in your next home
- 16. Conclusion
-
- II. Ticks
- 1. In general
- a) Role in diseases
- b) Kinds of ticks
- 2. Lifecycle
- 3. Removing a tick
- 4. Infections or abscesses
- 5. Disposing of ticks
- 6. Where you pick up ticks
- 7. Combatting ticks
- 8. Lyme disease
- a) Transmission
- b) Symptoms
- c) Vaccination
-
- References and Addresses
-
- ---------------
-
- I. Fleas
-
- 1. In general
-
- a) How do they enter the house?
-
- Fleas can enter the home in many ways, even if your pet is not or only
- rarely allowed outside. They can hop in from your yard, hitch a ride
- on you, or even be left over from previous inhabitants (larvae can
- remain dormant for astonishingly long periods of time under a variety
- of conditions).
-
- b) Why should I worry about fleas?
-
- Since fleas can be carriers for worms and diseases, keeping your pet
- flea-free helps to keep it healthy. In addition, many pets and people
- are allergic to flea-bites.
-
- c) How can I tell if my pet has fleas?
-
- To check if your pet has fleas, part its hair and look for:
-
- * Small bits of brown "dust," attached to the fur itself. The fleas
- excrete digested blood. See if the dust dissolves into a red
- liquid upon contact with a wet paper towel.
-
- * Skin Irritation: flea bites or scratching and biting may leave
- red, irritated skin, and even bald patches in bad cases.
-
- * Small, fast moving brown shapes are fleas.
-
- * Or, use a flea comb and see what you get.
-
- You may also see "flea dust," fleas, or even larvae on your pet's
- bedding.
-
- Dried blood in its ears may indicate ear mites and you should consult
- your vet to find out what the problem is.
-
- d) Preventive measures
-
- Adult fleas spend only part of their time on your pet: they usually
- leave to lay their eggs elsewhere. Remember that households with no
- pets can still be infested with fleas. Favorite places to lay eggs
- are outdoors, dustbunnies, rugs, bedding, etc. Eggs laid on your pet
- will fall off as it moves around. A good preventive method is to put
- down towels everywhere your pet normally lies and then wash those
- towels once a week. Deposited flea eggs are therefore cleaned out
- regularly. Regular vacuuming and emptying of the vacuum bag also
- helps, independently of any method or methods you choose to do, since
- that eliminates or reduces food sources for the larvae.
-
- e) How to choose your methods
-
- There are several ways to kill or discourage fleas. Some are synthetic
- chemicals, some are considered "natural", and both work with varying
- degrees. No one method is 100% effective, and you will almost always
- have to combine several approaches to get the results you want. Some
- methods are applicable for indoor pets, but useless for indoor/outdoor
- pets. You need to choose the set of approaches that best addresses
- your situation.
-
- Keep in mind that there are regional differences among fleas: what
- works well in one area may not work well in other areas. You should
- consult a LOCAL vet-tech or dog-groomer to see what is known to be
- effective in your area. Don't rely on the products available at your
- local store; there are too many that are just distributed nationally.
-
- f) Lifecycle
-
- You must keep in mind the life cycle of the flea. From egg to larvae
- to adult is between three to six weeks: to get rid of fleas in your
- house, you must break this cycle. As a practical matter, this means
- you will almost certainly have to repeat your efforts in several weeks
- to catch the fleas from the larvae that didn't get destroyed the first
- time around. This is also why it is important to address the problem
- of the eggs and larvae as well as the adult fleas.
-
- After taking a blood meal, fleas either lay eggs on your pet or in its
- surrounding environment. Eggs on your pet are often shed onto its
- bedding or into the carpet. A pair of fleas may produce 20,000 fleas
- in 3 months. Eggs hatch after 2-12 days into larvae that feed in the
- environment -- generally on digested blood from adult fleas and other
- food matter in their environment. The larvae are little wiggles about
- 3-4 millimeters long, you may see some if you inspect your pet's
- bedding carefully. Larvae molt twice within 2-200 days and the older
- larvae spin a cocoon in which they remain for one week to one year.
- When in this cocoon stage the young flea is invulnerable to any kind
- of insecticide and to low, even freezing, temperatures. Only
- sufficient warmth and the presence of a host can cause them to emerge.
- This long cocooning period explains why fleas are so difficult to
- eradicate.
-
- g) Keeping clean
-
- Having your carpets professionally cleaned WILL NOT get rid of the
- fleas, unless they use something that is meant to kill fleas.
- However, it will remove much of the eggs, larvae and the food that the
- larvae feeds on, so it can be useful in conjunction with other
- methods.
-
- Remember that carpets, rugs, and upholstered furniture are the prime
- places for depositing flea eggs. Some people have success ridding
- their home of fleas by removing their carpets and replacing with
- linoleum or hardwood floors. This may not be a feasible option for
- everyone, though.
-
- 2. Natural methods
-
- These tend to be of the "folk-remedy" type. Some people swear by
- them, others do not get any results. Some are actually toxic. They
- tend to work better at keeping fleas _away_ rather than killing or
- eliminating present infestations.
-
- * You can buy cedar shampoo, cedar oil and cedar-filled sleeping mats.
- Cedar repells many insects including fleas.
-
- * Let outdoor pets sleep on a well-used horse blanket. This is
- probably folklore: lots of "barn animals" have fleas anyway.
-
- * Fleas love dry skin: prevent dry skin by giving your pet Linatone
- (or any vegetable oil) with its food and avoiding excessive
- shampooing.
-
- * Pennyroyal (the herb and the oil) is often touted as a natural
- flea repellent: only the fresh or dried leafs are safe. The oil
- is actually highly toxic to animals and humans (it has a long
- history as an abortifacent, for example). There is an article
- about this in the AKC's _Gazette_, July 1992. Also, _Journal of
- the AVMA_, v200 n6 March 15, 1992.
-
- * Garlic and Brewer's Yeast: Feed it in small doses to your pet and
- and the resultant body odor may repel fleas. You can get it either
- in powder form or tablet form, at varying expense.
-
- * Orange or lemon peel boiled and simmered in water makes a flea dip
- after it cools. Do not use this on cats, however (don't know
- about ferrets). Rinse well.
-
- * 60 ml of lavendar oil mixed with 2.8 liters of rock salt can be
- placed under furniture and rugs.
-
- * Eucalyptus leaves can be left under furniture and rugs.
-
- * You can plant marigolds outside in your garden. This has the
- additional benefit of repelling a variety of other bugs.
-
- * NuPo offers a "flea trap" that uses heat to attract fleas to a
- sticky pad, kind of like "flea paper." Homemade variants,
- considerably less expensive, include leaving out detergent-laced
- dishes or jars of water near nightlights at night. This approach
- works best in severe infestations but is not likely to eliminate
- the fleas.
-
- * Often useful in conjunction with other methods is to cover up your
- pet's ears and around the neck with a wet towel and have it lie in
- a tub of cool water for a while. The towel prevents migration of
- the fleas to the head. Add just a little detergent to the water
- (a teaspoon or a few cc's is enough) to make sure the fleas drown.
- Obviously, your pet must be amenable to lying in water for 15
- minutes or so. This can be done as an alternative to dipping; but
- like dipping it will not solve the larger problem of the flea
- infestation.
-
- 3. Spraying inside
-
- You can spray your house. There are a number of commercial foggers
- and other devices which you set off in your home. Generally, you and
- anything live will have to vacate for a period of time. This can be
- effective; it depends on if the chemicals involved will kill fleas,
- flea larvae, or both. Your vet will be a good source of information
- on effective brands, or you can have this done professionally.
-
- Remember that a hand-held sprayer will be more effective than a
- fogger-type application simply because you can make sure all the
- hard-to-reach areas are properly treated.
-
- In general, pyrethrins are "low intensity", relatively safe, and break
- down quickly (some on contact with sunlight). They can normally be
- used safely with puppies, kittens and in sensitive conditions.
- Pyrethrins are from chyrsanthemums, and manage to be highly toxic to
- fleas but not to people or dogs. It's very safe. Permethrins are
- synthetic pyrethrins and have the additional benefit of a residual
- effect for several days.
-
- Organo-phosphates are "heavy duty" and last longer. They should be
- used with caution as they are usually toxic to people and animals.
-
- Precor: (methoprene) This is an insect hormone that interrupts the
- life cycle of fleas by preventing flea larvae from maturing. It is
- not a poison, even to fleas, but they cannot reproduce. It's used
- as an environmental spray either by itself (in which case it will
- take several weeks to show much effect) or combined with adult
- pesticides (like pyrethrins) for a quick wipeout. Because it is a
- hormone, fleas will not become resistant to its effects (it would be
- like humans becoming resistant to estrogen and testosterone). You
- can buy the stuff at your local hardware/gardening store, and spray
- the diluted (according to directions) liquid everywhere in the
- house. This will not kill fleas by itself unless you combine it
- with something immediately lethal, but it will break the lifecycle
- and the fleas will go away in a few weeks as the mature ones die and
- the immature ones fail to develop. Such an application lasts about
- 4-5 months. Precor cannot be used outside because it breaks down
- rapidly in sunlight, but there are new formulations, such as
- Fenoxycarb, that show promise for outdoor use.
-
- Precor can be difficult to find. Check with your vet and check
- various pet stores and hardware stores. One mail-order source is
- Gardens Alive! It's called Vigren and is $9.25 per oz concentrate
- (mix with 1 gallon of water, covers 1500 sq. ft) or $7.95 for three
- or more. Address below.
-
- Sectrol: this is microencapsulated pyrethrins (low toxicity to
- mammals). This works well in conjunction with methoprene. Spraying
- your home with this combination should be good for about 5-6 months
- before reapplication is needed.
-
- Duratrol: this comes in both a spray (for the house) and a dip for the
- immediate problem on your pet. The smell is reported to be minimal
- and the effectiveness high. You only need to leave the house for
- 1/2 hour to allow the spray to dry (rather than up to four hours for
- other sprays and foggers, for example). Duratrol consists of micro-
- encapsulated chlorpyrifos -- essentially Dursban in "tiny time pills."
-
- Foggers: When choosing a fogger, note that the directions call for one
- can per X no. of UNOBSTRUCTED square feet. In practice, that means
- one can per major room. You can increase the effectiveness of the
- spread of the fogger by setting up fans to move the air around
- before you trigger the foggers. If you have a forced-air furnace,
- turning the thermostat switch to "on" or "fan" instead of "auto"
- will help circulate the pesticide throughout the house. Foggers
- have a real problem in penetrating enough to do any good, though.
- They just don't reach under furniture and other inaccessible places.
-
- 4. Treating outdoors areas
-
- When treating the area surrounding your house, remember that fleas are
- not found in your driveway gravel or in the open. The larvae do not
- survive high temperatures. They are found in shaded areas, like under
- porches, decks, car ports, at the edges of woods, and especially in
- places where your pets lay down outdoors.
-
- Dursban: You can use Dursban for ridding the yard of fleas. Home
- Depot will have the generic stuff. Spray according to the
- directions on the label. This is fairly toxic stuff. The generic
- name is Chlorpyrifos.
-
- For those with outdoor pets, diatomaceous earth, boric acid and silica
- aerogels can be used to treat your lawn for fleas and ticks. These
- chemicals were lauded by the Apr 92 _Sunset_ magazine in their list of
- least toxic chemicals, sprays and dusts, which were discussed for
- those people who want to control pests more naturally. These are not
- poisons, and kill by clinging to, scratching and and destroying the
- waxy exteriors, or dessicating the pests. _Sunset_ does point out
- that these chemicals should not be inhaled as they will irritate or
- abrade the lungs in the same way (which isn't a big problem once
- they've settled into your lawn). Diatomaceous earth is an abrading
- agent (much like borax). Use natural grade rather than pool grade
- diatomacious earth. Boric acid is also a abrading agent. Silica
- aerogels are dessicants, and kill the insects through dehydration.
- It is recommended that these chemicals be used in powder form to kill
- fleas and ticks.
-
- 5. Dipping your pet
-
- For an immediate flea problem, you can bath your pet with a
- flea-killing substance to get rid of the fleas on its body. But
- remember, such "dips" usually sting when applied to open irritations.
- Animals have been known to bite, climb up your arm, and even urinate
- all over themselves, so be prepared!
-
- Be very careful to only dip animals that are at least two, preferably
- three months old, and be especially careful to use appropriate dips.
- That is, do not use dips marked for dogs on cats!
-
- Avon's Skin-So-Soft lotion is reputed to repel fleas (as well as
- mosquitos on human). After bathing your dog, put some lotion in the
- rinse water. They will smell like the lotion, and the application
- will last for a few weeks. This may be a problem for pets that groom
- themselves. Another way to apply it is to put a 1:1 lotion:water mix
- in a spritz bottle and mist your dog with it. Some people report
- excellent results and others do not.
-
- **Dipping alone will NOT solve the more general problem of the flea
- infestation.**
-
- 6. Combing your pet
-
- Flea combs with fine teeth that snag fleas are commercially available.
- It is helpful to have a small dish of ammonia-laced water on hand to
- kill the fleas on the comb rather than trying to nail each one by
- hand. Alternatively, mix a few drops of detergent into the dish of
- water so that there is no surface tension and fleas dropped into the
- treated water will drown. Use a metal comb; the plastic ones are too
- flexible and allow the fleas to escape.
-
- You will typically find the most fleas along your pet's back, groin
- area, and at the base of the tail.
-
- This by itself will never rid your pet from fleas since flea larvae
- are also in bedding, furniture and carpet. It is, however, a useful
- way to keep an eye on the flea population. You can estimate another
- 1000-5000 fleas are in your house for every flea you find on your pet.
-
- 7. Powders
-
- Flea powders are handy, but there are many types and some are rather
- poisonous. Check the poisonous list below for ingredients that cause
- serious problems (for cats). When using powders, it is not enough to
- just powder your pet: powder its bedding, under furniture cushions,
- and in the vacuum cleaner bag.
-
- Do not let your pet ingest flea powder of any sort. This can be
- tricky with pets that groom themselves, such as cats and ferrets.
-
- 8. Borax and salt
-
- Also known as sodium polyborate, sodium tetraborate, sodium borate.
- The chemical is related to boric acid. This is present in a variety
- of household products. Sprinkling 20 Mule Team Borax, the kind you
- use in laundry (*not* the hand soap Boraxo; the soap added to can be
- toxic to your pet) on the carpet and upholstery will dry out the
- deposited flea larvae. The procedure is to vacuum the house, sprinkle
- borax or salt using a sieve on carpet and upholstery (and under the
- pillows, under the furniture); sweep with a broom to settle the borax
- into the carpet and then vacuum again. Some people leave it on for a
- few days before vacuuming, but this runs the risk of abrading the
- surface of the carpet. Don't let your animals eat the stuff. If you
- use borax, you may need to adjust for this when cleaning your carpets
- by using less soap. The effects of a borax treatment seem to last
- about a year or so.
-
- Drawbacks: The chemical borax is abrasive, and 20 Mule Team Borax may
- abrade your carpets. In addition, there are documented cases of
- long-term low-level exposure to sodium polyborate resulting in
- conjunctivitus, weight loss, vomiting, mild diarrhea, skin rash,
- convulsions and anemia and other similar allergic reactions in humans.
- If you're using borax as flea control, and your pets (or family) are
- showing loss of appetite, eye or skin problems, anemia or kidney
- problems, you may want to switch to another flea control method and
- see if their health improves. Do not apply it to damp carpets as it
- can take the color out.
-
- Borax is NOT advisable where you have pets which groom themselves,
- e.g., cats and ferrets. They can ingest enough to harm them if the
- borax is not settled deeply enough into the carpet (October 1992 of
- _Dog Fancy_). Symptoms of acute poisoning include diarrhea, rapid
- prostration and perhaps convulsions [these occurred when borax was
- scattered openly for cockroach control].
-
- There are various products that are applied in the same way, such as
- PEST-X. Check these types of products to see if they contain borax or
- boric acid. If so, the above commentary applies to those products as
- well. Otherwise, check the ingredients against the other ingredients
- discussed elsewhere.
-
- Some people use salt instead of borax. Provided that you do not live
- in high humidity areas, this is an alternative. Since salt absorbs
- water, salt in carpet in an unairconditioned house in Florida (for
- example) would mean a damp carpet -- later rotted or mildewed.
-
- 9. Vacuum
-
- Put flea powder in the vacuum cleaner bag to kill any fleas that you
- vacuum up, otherwise they will crawl back out. You should change the
- bag in your vacuum cleaner after a round of flea-cleaning in any case.
- Moth balls can also be used, but they are pretty toxic. Sometimes
- people put (cut up) flea collars in the bag, but it is not clear that
- this is effective, and if the collar contains dichlorvos, is NOT
- recommended.
-
- 10. Flea collars
-
- See Consumer Reports, August 1991. Flea collars aren't effective
- and may even be bad for your pet's health. Some of the herbal ones
- smell nice and that's about it.
-
- Ultrasonic and electronic flea collars are not known to work.
-
- 11. Newborn animals
-
- Very young animals can die from overinfestation of fleas. They are
- small enough that they can become dangerously anemic within hours, and
- are young enough that they will be poisoned by dipping chemicals.
- Consult your vet immediately if you have a less than 8-10 week old
- kitten or puppy with a bad case of the fleas. **Do not attempt to
- "dip" them, you can easily kill them this way.**
-
- Consider that one flea consumes 1/10 cc of blood in 24 hours. For
- every flea you see on your animal there are, conservatively, 10 more.
- So, if you can see 10 fleas on your animal, that translates to 100
- fleas. Multiplied by .1 cc/24 hours = 10 cc / 24 hrs. In other
- words, if you can find 10 fleas on your animal, it is probably losing
- somewhere in the neighborhood (probably more) of 10 cc's of blood a
- day to fleas.
-
- Symptoms of anemia: if flea-infested baby animals become lethargic,
- weak, and pale, you may have *only hours* before they die. A good
- test for anemia is to take your finger, lift the upper lip, and press
- gently but firmly into the upper gum. The gum will turn white for a
- moment and then return almost immediately to a pink color. If the gum
- stays white for more than a couple of seconds, anemia is indicated.
- Take them to the vet *now*.
-
- If they do not yet appear anemic, use a flea comb on them. You should
- take steps to prevent infestation by keeping the mother clear of
- fleas, and regularly (at least every other day) changing and
- laundering the bedding. While you should not dip them in chemicals,
- giving them a plain soap-and-water bath can help remove the fleas from
- their body: wash the bedding at the same time and then use the flea
- comb regularly to keep fleas from taking hold again. The mildly
- insecticidal shampoo Mycodex (tm) can be used on kittens, but requires
- flea combing afterwards anyway because of its mildness.
-
- 12. Toxicities
-
- |According to Steven A. Melman and Karen L. Campbell's "Flea Control"
- |(John R. August, ed. 1991. Consultations in feline internal
- |medicine. WB Saunders & Co., Philadelphia. ISBN 0-7216-2226-7:
- |Chapter 9), pesticides that have caused serious or fatal illness in
- |cats when used at dosages effective against fleas are:
-
- Carbaryl (Sevin)
- Chlorpyrifos (Dursban)
- Dichlorvos (DDVP, Vapona)
- Dioxathion (Delnav, Deltic)
- Lindane
- Malathion
- Naled (DiBrom)
- Phosmet (=prolate, Kemolate)
- Permethrin
- Propxur (Sendran, Baygon)
- Pyrethrins (but microencapsulated pyrethrins have no listed problems)
- Ronnel (=Korlan)
- Tetrachlorvinphos (=Rabon)
-
- The following flea-cides used ON dogs are NOT approved for use ON cats
- (though they're all OK'd for indoor environmental use):
-
- Amitraz (Mitaban)
- Bendiocarb (Ficam)
- Chlorphenvinphos (Supona)
- Chlorpyrifos (Dursban)
- Cythioate (proban)
- Diazanon (Spectracide)
- Fenoxycarb
- Fenthion (Prospot)
- Methoprene (Precor)
-
- The following have been reported to cause serious illness or death
- when used ON dogs:
-
- Carbaryl (Sevin)
- Chlorpyrifos (Dursban)
- Dichlorvos (DDVP, Vapona)
- Fenthion (Prospot)
- Lindane
- Malathion
- Phosmet (Prolate, Kemolate)
- Permethrin
- Pyrethrins (but not microencapsulated)
- Ronnel (Korlan)
- Tetrachlorvinphos (Rabon)
-
- 13. Systemic products
-
- Proban (cythioate) and Prospot (Fenthion) are not licensed for use in
- cats in the U.S. They may be used on dogs. They work on the
- principle that if you poison the bloodstream, the fleas will die after
- ingesting the poisoned blood. Several problems: first, you *are*
- introducing a low level of poison into your pet's bloodstream, and the
- long-term effects are unknown. Second, this does not help at all the
- pet that is allergic to fleas and cannot afford to be bitten in the
- first place.
-
- 14. Homes with pregnant women/crawling infants/baby animals
-
- Specific recommendations from "Flea Control" for houses with pregnant
- women or crawling infants are for a combination of microencapsulated
- pyrethrins (Sectrol from 3M) and methoprene.
-
- 15. Preventing flea infestations in your next home
-
- Since flea larvae can lay dormant for surprisingly long periods of
- time, it is always possible for you and your pets to get fleas by
- moving into a house or apartment in which the previous occupants had
- fleas.
-
- If this may be the case, you can prevent the potential problem by
- spraying or treating the place *before* you move in, if at all
- possible. For example, if the place has been uninhabited long enough
- that all the adult fleas are dead, methoprene should be sufficient,
- otherwise use sprays that will also work on the adults.
-
- 16. Conclusion
-
- In general, you will have to use a combination of some of the
- approaches above. You will also want to launder any bedding and other
- launderable items to rid them of fleas at the same time. If you comb
- your pet regularly, you will be able to spot an incipient increase of
- fleas and make pre-emptive strikes. If you have a bad flea problem,
- getting your carpet professionally cleaned in addition to other
- control methods will help in removing potential food sources for the
- larvae.
-
-
- II. Ticks
-
- 1. In general
-
- Ticks are in the phylum of animals called Arthropoda (jointed
- appendage). This phylum of animals is the largest in the animal
- kingdom. There are over 850 different species of ticks, and they
- parasitize every class of terrestrial vertebrate animal, including
- amphibians.
-
- Ticks are small rounded arachnids that cling to one spot and do not
- move. They have inserted their head under the skin and are engorging
- themselves on the blood. Diseases carried by ticks means that you
- should have yourself or your pets checked after you find ticks. On
- the one hand, ticks are a little easier to deal with since they remain
- outdoors, and do not infest houses the way fleas do; on the other
- hand, they carry more dangerous diseases and are harder to find.
-
- a) Role in diseases
-
- Ticks are the most important arthropod in transmitting diseases to
- domestic animals and run a close second to mosquitoes in arthropod
- borne human diseases. They transmit a greater variety of infectious
- agents than any other type of arthropod. Ticks can cause disease and
- illness directly. They are responsible for anemia due to blood loss,
- dermatosis due to salivary secretions, and ascending tick paralysis
- due to neurotoxins in the salivary secretions. They also can be the
- vector of other diseases. Some of the more noted tick borne diseases
- are babesiosis, anaplasmosis, East Coast fever, relapsing fever, rocky
- mountain spotted fever and, of course, Lyme disease.
-
- b) Kinds of ticks
-
- There are two basic types of ticks. Soft ticks, the argasids, are
- distinguished by their soft, leathery cuticle and lack of scutum.
- They can be recognized easily by their subterminal mouthparts that are
- on the underside of the tick. Soft ticks when engorged with blood
- blow up like a balloon. Soft ticks are fast feeders, being able to
- tank up in a matter of hours.
-
- Hard ticks, the Ixodids, have a hard plate, the scutum, on the dorsal
- surface and have terminal mouthparts. When attaching, a tick will
- slice open the skin with the mouthparts and then attach itself. They
- also secrete a cement that hardens and holds the tick onto the host.
- Hard ticks are slow feeders, taking several days to finish their
- bloodmeal.
-
- During feeding a tick may extract up to 8 ml of blood, they can take
- 100X their body weight in blood. Interestingly, they concentrate the
- blood during feeding and will return much of the water to the host
- while losing some by transpiration through the cuticle.
-
- 2. Lifecycle
-
- All ticks have four life cycle stages. (slide ) Adult ticks, shown
- here mating, produce eggs. A female tick can produce up to 20,000
- eggs. Mating usually occurs on a host, after which the female must
- have a blood meal in order for the eggs to develop. Ixodid ticks are
- unusual in that mating does not occur on the host. The eggs are laid
- in the soil or leaf litter after the female drops off the host.
- These eggs hatch into a stage known as the larva. The larva is the
- smallest stage and can be recognized by having only 3 pairs of legs.
- These "seed ticks" are produced in great numbers. They must find a
- host and take a blood meal in order to molt to the next stage called
- the nymph. If the nymph can feed on a host, it will develop into the
- adult tick.
-
- Ticks vary greatly in how long this cycle takes and the
- number of hosts involved. Some ticks are one host ticks; the
- entire cycle occurs on that one host. Others use two hosts, some
- three and some of the soft ticks are multi-host ticks.
-
- Ticks require high humidity and moderate temperature. Juvenile ticks
- usually live in the soil or at ground level. They will then climb up
- onto a blade of grass or the leaf of a plant to await a potential
- host. They will sense the presence of a host and begin the questing
- behavior, standing up and waving their front legs. They are able to
- sense a vibration, a shadow, a change in CO2 level, or temperature
- change. When unsuccessful in their "quest" they become dehydrated and
- will climb back down the plant to the ground to become rehydrated.
- Then back up the plant, etc., until they are successful or they die.
- Some ticks have been known to live for over 20 years and they can live
- for a very long time without food. Their favored habitat is old
- field-forest ecotone. One way to cut down the number of ticks in an
- area is to keep the area mowed.
-
- 3. Removing a tick
-
- When you find a tick, use tweezers to pick up the body and pull
- s-l-o-w-l-y and gently, and the mouthparts will release. Ticks carry
- a lot of rickettsial diseases, including Lyme disease and Rocky
- Mountain Spotted Fever, so you should wash your hands thoroughly with
- soap after handling a tick.
-
- DO NOT touch the tick with the head of a hot match or cigarette first
- since this can cause the tick to regurgitate into your bloodstream,
- increasing the chances that you may catch a disease the tick carries.
- Smearing petroleum jelly on the tick to suffocate them has the same
- problem.
-
- Lyme disease (see below) is usually carried by tiny deer ticks (two
- other kinds of ticks have also been identified as carriers) , which
- are the size of the head of a pin. You must look yourself or your pet
- over very carefully to find these kind of ticks. Other ticks can be
- as large as peppercorns.
-
- 4. Infections or abscesses
-
- If you have left the head of the tick in your pet's skin, chances are
- there will be an infection or an abscess in a week or so. Try
- disinfecting the area thoroughly with 70% alcohol (it takes about 5
- minutes for alcohol to sterilize an area). Ethyl alcohol is less
- toxic than rubbing alcohol; vodka or any high-proof liquor will work.
- Then apply a combination antibiotic ointment. If an infection occurs
- anyway, take your pet in to the vet to have it drained.
-
- 5. Disposing of ticks
-
- To dispose of the tick, drop it into alcohol to kill it, then dispose
- of it. Flushing them down the toilet WILL NOT KILL THEM. You might
- save the tick in a jar of alcohol for identification, to help decide
- whether possible infection has occurred.
-
- 6. Where you pick up ticks
-
- Adult ticks can remain on deer and other mammals through the fall
- and winter. If you spend a lot of time outdoors during this period,
- be sure to check yourself, your family and your pets daily for ticks.
- If you hunt or trap, check areas where you cache your game for ticks
- that may have fallen off during handling.
-
- A helpful practice is to wear long pants tucked into white socks; this
- way they crawl up the *outside* of your pants and you can spot them in
- the field. Also wear a hat: they can drop from trees onto your head.
-
- Ticks like long grass on the edges of woods (especially deer ticks)
- They crawl up onto the grass blades and cling to you as you walk past.
-
- 7. Combatting ticks
-
- If you have heavy infestations of ticks in your area, spraying your
- backyard against ticks may be a good idea, especially if your pet is
- indoor/outdoors.
-
- One way to combat ticks is to raise Guinea hens, which eat ticks.
- Trivia: Actress Christie Brinkley got Lyme disease from a tick on her
- own property, and she now raises Guinea hens.
-
- There is a product, called Tiguvon (chemical composition) that is a
- systemic, administered monthly. Its drawbacks seem to be that it is
- expensive and that the tick needs to fully engorge itself to be
- poisoned by the systemic.
-
- 8. Lyme disease
-
- Lyme disease is a complex illness that affects wild and domestic
- animals, including dogs, as well as humans. It is caused by a
- corkscrew-shaped bacterium called borrelia burgdoferi.
-
- First noted in 1977, the disease has rapidly spread throughout the
- contintental US and Canada. Studies have shown that migrating birds
- have helped disperse infected ticks to new areas. Hunting dogs, or
- any dog that runs in tick-infested fields, can bring the problem home
- with them. And so do people who move from place to place with
- infected pets. It is expected that Lyme disease will soon be a
- problem in all 48 contiguous US states.
-
- a) Transmission
-
- When a tick bites, the bacterium is transferred into the blood of the
- host. The deer tick (Ixodes dammini) is found in the Northeast and
- upper Midwest; the black-legged tick (I. scapularis) is found in the
- Midwest and Southeast; and the Western black-legged tick (I.
- pacificus) is found mainly in the coastal areas of California, Oregon,
- and Washington. Hosts include deer, migratory birds, rabbits, mice,
- raccoons and skunks ... plus dogs, cats, cattle, horses and humans.
-
- Besides tick bites, Lyme disease may be spread by contact with
- infected body fluids. Studies indicate that transmission may occur in
- this manner from dog to dog, and possibly from cow to cow and horse to
- horse. Transmission from animal to human *may* be possible. In utero
- transmission has been observed. Animals may be reinfected with Lyme
- disease.
-
- The major vector for the deer tick is the mouse; deer have relatively
- little to do with it. Deer simply act as a home for the overwintering
- adults. Removing deer from an area has little long term effect since
- the adults simply find another animal to act as a winter host.
-
- b) Symptoms
-
- The symptoms of this illness have now been separated into three
- stages. If caught before the end of the first stage, the illness is
- usually easily treated by antibiotics.
-
- In general, a high fever combined with stiffness or arthritic symptoms
- (in both people and animals) can indicate Lyme disease.
-
- The next two stages represent greater systematic involvement and
- include the nervous system and the heart. If still untreated, the
- third stage involves the musculoskeletal system.
-
- The erythema migrans (small round rash) is the best early sign of a
- problem. Unfortunately, the tick that bites is usually a larva or
- nymph and so is seldom seen. The resulting rash is seen in
- approximately 80% of adults but only about 50% of children. It is
- imperative that it be diagnosed early since the more severe symptoms
- can begin quickly.
-
- Treatment consists of several broad spectrum antibiotics -- including
- tetracycline, penicillin, and erythromycin. This is effective,
- especially in the early stages. Consult with your veterinarian (or
- with your doctor if YOU have it).
-
- c) Vaccination
-
- There is a vaccination against Lyme disease for dogs that is now
- available. It is Borrelia Burgdoferi Bacterin (Fort Dodge
- Laboratories). It is supposed to have a duration of immunity that
- lasts through the tick season. One for people is coming out now as
- well.
-
- An interesting discussion of what is happening in the veterinary
- community with regard to Lyme disease is summarized in an easy-to-read
- letter titled "Questions 'push' for vaccinations against Borrelia
- burgdoreri infection," in the Journal of the American Veterinary
- Association, 201(10), 11/15/92.
-
-
- ----------------
- References and Addresses
-
- _Consumer Reports_, August 1991.
- Contains an article discussing flea collars: brands and effectiveness.
-
- Klein, Hilary Dole and Adrian M. Wenner. _Tiny Game Hunting_. Bantam,
- 1991. ISBN 0-553-35331-4.
- A good reference on how to get rid of fleas.
-
- Melman, Steven A. and Karen L. Campbell, "Flea Control" (Chapter 9 in
- August's volume).
-
- Gardens Alive!
- Natural Garden Research Center
- Hwy 48 - PO Box 149
- Sunman, IN 47041
- 812/537-8650.
-
- ----------------
- This article is Copyright (c) 1992 by Cindy Tittle Moore. It may be
- freely distributed in its entirety provided that this copyright notice
- is not removed. It may not be sold for profit nor incorporated in
- commercial documents without the author's written permission. This
- article is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
-
- Cindy Tittle Moore
- Internet: tittle@ics.uci.edu UUCP: ...!ucbvax!ucivax!tittle
- Bitnet : cltittle@uci USmail: PO BOX 4188, Irvine CA 92716
- ----------------
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- From: khb@chiba.Eng.Sun.COM (Keith Bierman fpgoup)
- Newsgroups: comp.lang.fortran,news.answers
- Subject: comp.lang.fortran frequently asked questions
- Message-ID: <KHB.92Nov30193017@chiba.Eng.Sun.COM>
- Date: 1 Dec 92 03:30:18 GMT
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-
- Frequency: mostly monthly
-
- Here are some answers to frequently asked questions. The "author", as
- is the custom, has appropriated posted responses as seemed apt. I have
- tried to leave attributions in, as correctly as possible. To anyone
- who has been offended by omission or otherwise, my apologies. I shall
- give priority to corrections regarding attribution.
-
- No one takes responsibility for any of this text, neither the employer
- of the "author", the "author", friends of the "author", pets of the
- "author" nor anyone else.
-
- Your mileage WILL vary.
-
- If you have comments/suggestions/edit proposals please send them to me
- (keith.bierman@eng.sun.com). I do not promise to accept 'em. I
- encourage others to make better faq lists, so I can retire this one.
- ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
- Questions:
-
- Q0) How should one spell FORTRAN/Fortran?
- Q1) Where can I get a copy of the Fortran 90 Standard? How about
- electronic copies?
- Q2) What Fortran 90 translators are available?
- Q3) I have heard of fortran "lints" what are they, and where can
- I get one?
- Q4) "Why do people use FORTRAN?, C is so much better"
- Q5) Why can't I get an electronic version of the standard?
- Q6) Where can I get "foo" (some random package)
- Q7) Where can I get a free compiler?
- Q8) What is the best compiler for a PC?
- Q9) How does Fortran 90 relate to FORTRAN '77 and what is Fortran 90?
- Q10) My compiler is mis-behaving; who enforces the standard?
- Q11) What are good books on Fortran?
- Q12) Are there pretty printers for FORTRAN?
- Q13) Why are there aimless debates?
- Q14) How do I call f77 from C (and visa versa)
- Q15) What constitutes good FORTRAN style?
- Q16) For whatever reasons, I want to translate my Fortran into C.
- What tools are available?
- Q17) For whatever reasons, I want to translate my existing C code
- into Fortran. What tools are available?
- Q18) What is preprocessing, how can it help? How can it hurt?
- Q19) How can I convert an existing FORTRAN 77 program to the free form
- source of Fortran 90?
- Q20) Who creates these silly standards anyway?
- Q21) How can I read my VAX binary data somewhere else?
- Q22) My F77 program compiled ok on a <system1>, but gives me heaps of
- syntax errors on a <system2>. What's wrong?
- Q23) My F77 program ran ok on a <system1>, but on a <system2> it just gives
- me strange results. What's wrong?
- Q24) Is there a WEB for Fortran (and what is web anyway)?
- Q25) Where can I find coded BLAS (and what are coded BLAS?)
- Q26) How common is DO ... END DO?
- Q27) Where can I learn more about the history of Fortran?
-
- ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-
- Q0) How should one spell FORTRAN/Fortran?
-
- FORTRAN is generally the preferred spelling for discussions of versions of
- the language prior to the current one ("90"). Fortran is the
- spelling chosen by X3J3 and WG5. In this document a feeble effort
- has been made to capitalize accordingly (e.g. vast existing
- software ... FORTRAN vs. generic Fortran to mean all versions of
- the standard, and specifically the modern dialect, ISO 1539:1991).
-
- From: walt@netcom.com (Walt Brainerd)
- There was an effort to "standardize" on spelling of programming
- languages just after F77 became a standard. The rule: if you say
- the letters, it is all caps (APL); if you pronounce it as a word,
- it is not (Cobol, Fortran, Ada). See, for example the difinitive
- article describing Fortran 77 in the Oct 1978 issue of the Comm.
- of the ACM. The timing was such that FORTRAN got put on the
- standard itself, though many always after that have referred to
- it as Fortran 77. Of course, there are those who think it is not
- truly Fortran if not written with all caps.
-
- <ed note>
-
- ISO 1539:1991 and its ANSI counterpart X3.198-1992 consistently
- employ the spelling "Fortran" to refer to the language being
- defined. Reference(s) to the older version employ "small caps"
- for the "ORTRAN" characters.
-
-
- Q1) Where can I get a copy of the Fortran 90 Standard?
-
- From: julian@cernvax.cern.ch (julian bunn)
-
- The new Fortran 90 standard has now been formally published
- and is available from the ISO central secretariat or from the
- national member bodies. The price is about $120. Some
- ordering detail follow. I can supply addresses in other
- countries not mentioned on request (to METCALF@CERNVM).
-
- The document reference is ISO/IEC 1539 : 1991. There is no ISBN.
-
- ISO
- 1, rue de Varembe
- Case postale 56
- 1211 Geneva 20
- Switzerland
- Fax: +41 22 734 10 79
-
- ANSI
- 1430 Broadway
- New York, NY 10018
-
- BSI
- 2 Park Street
- London W1A 2BS
-
- DIN
- Burggrafenstrasse 6
- Postfach 1107
- D-1000 Berlin 30
-
- AFNOR
- Tour Europe
- Cedex 7
- 92049 Paris La Defence
-
- SCC
- 1200-45 O'Connor
- Ottawa
- Ontario K1P 6N7
-
- Mike Metcalf
- (metcalf@cernvm)
-
- and from walt@netcom.com
-
- For those of you who don't read comp.lang.fortran, you might be
- interested to know that I (walt brainard) just called Global
- Engineering to see if the sell ISO 1539:1991. They do; the price is
- $225.
-
- And
-
- You can obtain copies through:
- Global Engineering Documents
- 2805 McGaw Ave.
- Irvine, CA. 92714
- (714) 261-1455
- (800) 854-7179
-
-
- New ANSI number
- ANSI X3.198-1992
-
- How about electronic copies?
- Return-Path: walt@netcom.com
- Subject: ISO 1539 in electronic form
-
- In accordance with an official agreement with
- the International Standards Organization, Unicomp
- is now able to distribute electronic versions of
- the Fortran 90 standard: "ISO/IEC 1539 : 1991,
- Information technology--Programming languages--Fortran".
-
- The money received from this effort will go partly to
- fund ISO activities and partly to recover the costs
- incurred by Unicomp in preparing and typesetting the
- standard document. The prices are set by ISO.
-
- The document can be obtained in three versions:
-
- 1. An ascii version suitable for viewing on a
- computer terminal using any kind of editor.
- Cost: USD 125.
-
- 2. A PostScript version with a license allowing
- the purchaser to print n paper copies.
- Cost: USD 125 + 10n.
-
- 3. Complete source in ditroff with macros and
- software to extract and create the annexes.
- The source constitutes a fairly high level
- marked up document; for example, each program
- beginning and ending is marked and there
- are few low-level typographic commands such
- as size and font changes. Cost USD 1000.
-
- I am quite enthused especially about version (2).
- If you want to have 10 copies for your organization,
- and it costs $10 to make a printed copy, then the
- cost to make the 10 copies would be $125 + $200,
- or just $32.50 per copy, which is a substantial
- savings over purchasing paper copies.
-
- Versions (1) and (3) will be accompanied by a
- license restricting use to one CPU and prohibiting
- copying, except for backup purposes, etc. The
- version (2) license will prohibit distributing
- any of the printed copies outside of the purchasing
- organization.
-
- If you have special requirements, such as wanting
- to distribute a copy with each version of your compiler
- or using the source as a part of your documentation,
- we can make special arrangements, subject to the
- approval of the ISO. Please advise me of your
- requirements and we can work up a proposal together.
-
- ISO and Unicomp think this will provide the often
- requested access to the standard in electronic form.
- This is the first time this is being tried, so we hope
- that organizations will be careful to observe the rules
- and encourage the continued availability of this
- and other standards in electronic form.
-
- Payment can be made by Visa or MasterCard, or with
- a check on a US Bank in US funds. We will accept
- a purchase order only if the amount is $500 or more.
-
-
- Q2) What Fortran 90 translators are available?
-
- From: schumanm@Informatik.TU-Muenchen.DE (Matthias Schumann)
- From: macphed@dvinci.USask.Ca (Ian MacPhedran)
-
- This is the promised summary of my request for information about
- Fortran 90 (f90) compilers. I am sorry for the delay in getting this
- posted, but I was away for a week, and still haven't caught up.
-
- I received a large amount of information, including a previous summary.
- Rather than parroting the entire list, I have prepared the following
- breakdown of the points which interested me.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Product: NAGware Fortran 90 Compiler
- Descript: Compiles f90 code to C source, or directly to executable
- file under MS-DOS. Therefore requires native C compiler
- as back end on most platforms.
- Platform: Apollo DN10000, DECstations, HP 9000, IBM RS/6000, NeXT,
- Intel 386/486 (MSDOS), Sun 3, Sun 4 (SunOS 4.1)
- VAX/VMS forthcoming.
- Pricing: Varies with platform. Academic Pricing available. Site
- License available
- +------------------------------------------------------------+
- | NAGWare F90 Compiler |
- +------------------------------------------------------------+
- | License Fee Options for Initial Computer |
- +------------------------------------------------------------+
- | | Standard | Academic |
- +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
- | | Perpetual| Maintenance| Perpetual| Maintenance|
- | | Fee | Fee | Fee | Fee |
- +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
- | CLASS 1| $895 | $160 | $537 | $97 | (MSDOS)
- +--------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------+
- | CLASS 2| $1,495 | $270 | $897 | $162 | (Low end work-
- +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+ stations)
- | CLASS 3| $1,995 | $360 | $1,197 | $215 |
- +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
- | CLASS 4| $2,495 | $450 | $1,497 | $270 | (Server class
- +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+ computers)
- | CLASS 5| $3,295 | $594 | $1,977 | $356 |
- +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
- | CLASS 6| $4,295 | $774 | $2,577 | $464 |
- +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
- | CLASS 7| $5,295 | $945 | $3,177 | $572 |
- +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
- (US Dollars)
- Contact: Sheila Caswell, Account Manager,
- Numerical Algorithms Group, Inc.
-
- 1400 Opus Place, Suite 200
- Downers Grove, IL, USA
- 60515-5702
- Phone: (708) 971-2337
- Source: E-mail messages, postings, and paper mailing
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Product: VAST-90
- Descript: Converts f77 code to f90, and reverse. Will "de-spaghettify"
- f77 code to a more structured form. Requires native f77 compiler
- to compile f90 programs.
- Platform: SPARC (Sun 4), IBM RS/6000
- Pricing: Single Machine: starts at $1900, Sun, IBM HP and DEC
- workstations. Higher prices for larger machines.
- Included: VAST-90, f90 driver, f90 library and documentation.
-
- Volume discounts and site license available.
-
- Contact:
- Pacific-Sierra Research Corp. Switchboard: (310) 314-2300
- 2901 28th Street Fax: (310) 314-2323
- Santa Monica CA 90405 VAST-90 e-mail: dave@psrv.com
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Product: PF90 Version 2.0
- Descript: Converts f90 programs to f77, then compiles with native
- f77 compiler. Therefore native f77 compiler is required.
- Platform: Sun 4, IBM RS/6000, Silicon Graphics, DECstations, Convex,
- Alliant, IBM 3090 (AIX), Cray
- Pricing: Sun, RS/6000, SGI, DECstation: $2000
- Convex, Alliant: $5000; IBM 3090, Cray: $10000
- (US Dollars, single machine, multiuser license, must purchase
- f77 compiler separately.)
- Contact: ParaSoft Corporation
- 2500 E. Foothill Blvd
- Pasadena, CA 91107
- Phone: (818) 792-9941
- E-mail: f90-info@parasoft.com
- Source: E-mail messages, and PostScript advertisement
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Product: PV version 1.1 of Fortran 90 compiler
- Descript: Port of NAG's f90 compiler to MS-DOS, together with Salford
- Software Ltd.
- Platform: Intel 386/486 Computers
- Pricing: $1950.00 (single user, US currency)
- Contact: OTG Systems Inc
- Phone: (717) 222-9100
- Source: E-mail message/summary of previous queries
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- The following is from a previous summary from David Bernholdt:
-
- Convex is reported to have an incomplete f90 compiler in beta.
- Other compilers in preparation will be available:
- EPC (Edinburgh Portable Compilers) and Lahey late 1992
- Cray Research early 1993
- DEC for VMS late 1993
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- I wish to thank the following people for their help, and apologize to any
- which I have missed.
-
- psrv!bob@uu.psi.com
- naginc!caswell@sunbird.Central.Sun.COM
- malcolm@nag.co.uk
- roman@parasoft.com
- khb@chiba.Eng.Sun.COM
- METCALF@crnvma.cern.ch
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Ian MacPhedran, Engineering Computer Centre, University of Saskatchewan.
- 2B13 Engineering Building, U. of S. Campus, Saskatoon, Sask., CANADA S7N 0W0
- macphed@dvinci.USask.CA macphedran@sask.USask.CA
-
- Walt Brainerd walt@netcom.com:
-
- Yes, a Fortran 90 system can be had for $99.
-
- Salford FTN90 is a full PC Fortran 90 implementation based
- on the front end developed by the Numerical Algorithms
- Group, Ltd. The Entry Level system requires that
- all parts of a program reside in one file. That file
- is compiled and executed without producing a permanent
- executable file.
-
- It runs on a 386SX, 386DX, or 486 system with DOS 3.3
- or later.
-
- The list price for Entry Level FTN 90 is $134, but until
- the end of February, 1993, the Entry Level version is
- available in North America at the introductory price of $99
- from Unicomp. (We hope to make up in volume the amount
- lost on each copy...8^) Contact Unicomp for ordering
- information.
-
- To find out the price and how to get it outside of North
- America, contact Salford Software, Venables Building,
- 5 Cockcroft Road, Salford, M5 4NT, United Kingdom,
- +44 61 745 5678, +44 61 745 5666 (fax).
-
- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
-
-
- Q3) I have heard of fortran "lints" what are they, and where can
- I get one?
-
- Fortran compilers are not required (and most do not) to protect
- users from themselves, that is to say
-
- call sub(1)
- ...
- subroutine sub(i)
- i=i+10
- return
- end
-
- Is non-standard complying but the compiler need not tell you about
- it. Arguably worse, the compiler can produce any result it deems
- fit, up to and including the start of world war III (assuming the
- right optional hardware has been installed).
-
- Fortran lint programs focus on searching out search programming
- errors and alerting the user.
-
- There are a wide variety of commercial and pd products. A partial
- list follows:
-
- IPT FORTRAN lint 1096 East Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, CA 94303, 415/494-7500.
-
- Forwarn from quibus 719 527 1384.
-
- QA-FORTRAN from PRL UK 01 942 9242 and perhaps (817) 589 0949
-
- FORCHECK from Leiden University ND 31 71 276804
-
- FTNCHEK from netlib. One may receive FTNCHEK by mailing to
- netlib@ornl.gov the following message:
-
- send ftnchek from fortran
-
- And Ajay Shah, (213)749-8133, ajayshah@usc.edu
- You may want to mention f2c followed by an ANSI C compiler as a great
- free fortran lint. I could not have survived writing fortran if it
- were not for f2c. You need to know some C to deal with the error
- messages, but that's not a bad price to pay.
-
- From: "John D. McCalpin" <mccalpin@perelandra.cms.udel.edu>
- Not too many people use it, but you might want to add TOOLPACK to
- the list of FORTRAN "lint" packages. Here is the blurb that I
- send to people who are interested:
-
- ======================================================================
- TOOLPACK is a large set of utilities written in FORTRAN to do FORTRAN
- code analysis and transformation.
-
- TOOLPACK begins by actually parsing the program with a fully FORTRAN-
- compliant parser and then does all the code transformations on the
- parse and comment trees.
-
- This means that you cannot confuse TOOLPACK by silly FORTRAN-isms that
- can easily overwhelm more naive utilities (such as ftnchek). For
- example, TOOLPACK correctly handles statements such as:
-
- D O U B L E P R E C I S I O N A(100,100)
- doubleprecision fred
-
- DO I = 1.2
- READ(I,J) = 10.
-
-
- The usual interface to TOOLPACK is a set of 'csh' scripts that run the
- various TOOLPACK utilities to do specific tasks.
-
- The ones you will find most useful are: pol, polx, apt, dapt, decs,
- getlst, and discard. These are the prettyprinter, precision converter,
- declaration standardizer, and some necessary utilities. See below for
- more details.
-
- By aware that TOOLPACK is *very* rigorous about the FORTRAN-77
- standard. You may or may not consider this an advantage.
-
- The scripts are described by the 'scripts' script, which delivers the
- following:
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- In the Toolpack script summaries below, the section numbers refer to
- the Unix environment Users' Guide where more detailed information can
- be found. To obtain on-line information about a script's usage, type
- its name without any arguments.
-
- FORTRAN Analysis Facilities
-
- getlst Produce a listing showing statement and token numbers. Report
- lexical scanning warnings and errors. (3.1.1)
-
- syn Report errors and warnings detected by lexical scanning, parsing,
- and examining a set of symbol attributes. (3.1.2)
-
- sem Report errors and warnings detected by lexical scanning, parsing,
- and examining an extended set of symbol attributes. (3.1.3)
-
- pfort Report errors and warnings detected by lexical scanning, parsing,
- examining an extended set of symbol attributes, checking for unsafe
- references, and checking conformance to a portable subset of
- FORTRAN. (3.1.4)
-
- statdoc In a user-supplied report template, place information derived from
- static analysis to assist in documenting the program. Examples of
- information the user may request are COMMON block usage, symbol
- attributes, and a graph of subprogram calls. (3.1.5)
-
- inst Instrument a FORTRAN program so that the instrumented program, when
- executed, produces information about program execution. (3.2.1)
-
- rundoc Execute a program instrumented by inst and, in a user-supplied
- report template, place information derived from dynamic analysis
- to assist in documenting the program. For example, the user may
- determine the frequency of execution of program segments. (3.2.2)
-
- FORTRAN Transformation Facilities
-
- pol Format a FORTRAN program under control of user-supplied options
- in a Polish option file. (4.1.1)
-
- polx Construct a Polish option file via a menu-driven editor. (4.1.2)
-
- decs Rebuild the declarative part of a FORTRAN program. (4.2.1)
-
- apt Transform a single-precision version of a FORTRAN program to
- double precision or vice versa. (4.3.1)
-
- dapt Convert precision and rebuild the declarations, combining the
- functions of apt and decs. (4.3.2)
-
- cname Change the names in a FORTRAN program that satisfy conditions
- derived from information in either the lexical token stream or
- the symbol table or both. (4.4.1)
-
- lname Transform a FORTRAN program containing long names to a program
- with standard names. (4.4.2)
-
- stf Rebuild the flow of control in a FORTRAN program to standardized
- form. (4.5.1)
-
- ucs Transform nests of DO loops matching certain paradigms so that
- the transformed code executes more efficiently on vector machines.
- (4.6.1)
-
- Miscellaneous Facilities
-
- fdiff Compare two FORTRAN programs at the lexical token level. (5.1.1)
-
- dac Compare two data files, neglecting certain formatting differences
- and numerical differences smaller than a given tolerance. (5.1.2)
-
- vcon Create, edit, and retrieve versions of a file contained in a
- version file. (5.2.1)
-
- discard Remove unneeded files created by the above scripts. (5.3.1)
-
- scripts Print this summary of the scripts. (5.4.1)
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- TOOLPACK can be obtained by anonymous ftp from perelandra.cms.udel.edu
- in the directory pub/Lang/Toolpack/.
- The UNIX version is in the file toolpack.tar.Z
- Serious hackers will want the versions in the Distrib directory.
-
- The package is known to compile on Silicon Graphics and Sun machines,
- though the Makefile is reasonably braindamaged.
-
- You will need about 16 MB for the stripped executables on an SGI machine.
- Figure on double that for compiling the package.....
-
- Have fun!
- --
- John D. McCalpin mccalpin@perelandra.cms.udel.edu
- Assistant Professor mccalpin@brahms.udel.edu
- College of Marine Studies, U. Del. John.McCalpin@mvs.udel.edu
-
-
-
- Q4) "Why do people use FORTRAN?, C is so much better"
-
- One should avoid such pointless arguments .... if you feel this
- way, don't subscribe to comp.lang.fortran.
-
- This sort of question always triggers off a protracted discussion,
- the highlights of which are typically:
-
- a) FORTRAN and C have different semantics. A FORTRAN optimizer
- knows more about aliasing, function interactions, and I/O. A
- C optimizer has to infer or compute such information. C
- bigots typically have neither written such optimizers nor
- worked with folks who do it for a living, and are prone to
- dismiss such arguments as being petty and neolithic.
-
- FORTRAN programmers are often a bit more in touch with high
- performance computing, and are unwilling to bet that heavily
- on compiler wizardry.
-
- In addition, ANSI/ISO C has very tight requirements on
- expression evaluation (an overreaction to the K&R ignore
- parenthesis days) which cripples an optimizer even further.
- The restrictions are spelled out in Section 5.1.2.3 of
- ISO/IEC 9899-1990. Both the '77 and '90 Fortran standards
- allow the optimizer more latitude.
-
- Of course, compiler options, vendor extensions and the like
- sometimes narrow the difference. Also, some Fortran
- compilers do not take advantage of all of these features of
- the language, thus narrowing the gap in the other direction.
-
- On any given code, on any given system, all bets are off.
-
- b) There is a vast body of existing FORTRAN code (much of which
- is publically available and of high quality). Numerical
- codes are particularly difficult to "vet", scientific
- establishments usually do not have large otherwise idle
- programming staffs, etc. so massive recoding into any new
- language is typically resisted quite strongly.
-
- c) Fortran tends to meet some of the needs of scientists
- better. Most notably, it has built in support for:
- - variable dimension array arguments in subroutines
- - a compiler-supported infix exponentiation operator which
- is generic with respect to both precision and type,
- *and* which is generally handled very efficiently or
- the commonly occuring special case floating-point**small-integer
- - complex arithmetic
- - generic-precision intrinsic functions
-
- d) Retraining staff is quite expensive.
-
- e) It is sometimes argued that:
- - Jonathan Thornburg <also responsible for misc. other fixups>
- Fortran tends to be easier for non-experts to learn
- than C, because its "mental model of the computer" is
- much simpler. For example, in Fortran the programmer
- can generally avoid learning about pointers and memory
- addresses, while these are essential in C. More generally,
- in Fortran the difference between (C notation) x, &x,
- and often even *x is basically hidden, while in C it's
- exposed. For non-experts this makes Fortran a considerably
- simpler language.
-
- Because of this relative simplicity, for simple programming
- tasks which fall within its domain, (say writing a simple
- least-squares fitting routine), Fortran generally requires
- much less computer science knowledge of the programmer than
- C does, and is thus much easier to use.
-
-
- Q5) Why can't I get an electronic version of the standard?
-
- Someday, perhaps you can. However, at the moment the various
- standards bodies finance some fraction of their work via sales of
- standards documents. ISO and ANSI have both claimed copyright to
- the finished standard, so those who would make and distribute
- copies should be forewarned.
-
- It should be noted that various people are working to correct
- this; but it is unlikely to ever become free.
-
- Q6) Where can I get "foo" (some random package)
-
- Q6) Where can I get "foo" (some random package)
- contributed by:
- Marc R. Roussel
- mroussel@alchemy.chem.utoronto.ca
-
- Use archie. archie is an online database of what is available and
- where on the "net". Archie can be used either via telnet or by
- mail.
-
- For information about archie send
-
- mail archie@archie.rutgers.edu
- subject: help
-
- And you will get back copious directions on how to use archie. If
- you prefer interactive experimentation, telnet to
- archie.rutgers.edu and log in as archie. No password will be
- required. The first thing you will be shown is a list of other
- archie servers. If one of these servers is geographically much
- closer to you than Rutgers, NJ, please disconnect (by typing 'quit')
- and use that one. To save you this step, here is the latest list of
- archie sites:
-
- archie.rutgers.edu 128.6.18.15 (Rutgers University)
- archie.unl.edu 129.93.1.14 (University of Nebraska in Lincoln)
- archie.sura.net 128.167.254.179 (SURAnet archie server)
- archie.ans.net 147.225.1.2 (ANS archie server)
- archie.au 139.130.4.6 (Australian server)
- archie.funet.fi 128.214.6.100 (European server in Finland)
- archie.doc.ic.ac.uk 146.169.11.3 (UK/England server)
- archie.cs.huji.ac.il 132.65.6.15 (Israel server)
- archie.wide.ad.jp 133.4.3.6 (Japanese server)
-
- I believe that all of these servers run the mail server as well as
- the telnet and archie server software. (The archie server is a
- third way to use archie. It's probably the best way, but it
- requires that you install software.)
-
- Once you logged into an archie server, you will want to make
- sure that all the information you will retrieve will be mailed to
- you. Type
-
- set mailto userid@machine.foo.edu
-
- where, of course, you will substitute your own email address for the
- made-up one shown above. You are now ready to search the database.
- If at any time you want to know what options are available to you,
- type help. To search for a program or file, type
-
- prog foo
-
- where foo is the name of the program or file required. Once your
- search is done, type 'mail' to have the output sent to you. (The
- output will almost always be several pages long.) Then type 'quit' to
- exit.
-
- Q7) Where can I get a free compiler?
-
- One such is f2c.
-
- From: mwm@a.gp.cs.cmu.edu (Mark Maimone)
- Newsgroups: comp.lang.fortran,comp.lang.c
- Subject: Re: Fortran to C translator
- Keywords: fortran, C, translator, f2c
- Date: 13 Sep 90 01:43:30 GMT
- Organization: Carnegie-Mellon University, CS/RI
-
-
- Since there have been several requests for a Fortran to C translator
- in the past week, I'm reposting the announcement about f2c. The short
- answer is you can get f2c by anonymous-ftp from research.att.com in
- directory dist/f2c.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Source for f2c, a Fortran 77 to C translator jointly developed by
- folks from Bell Labs, Bellcore, and Carnegie Mellon, is now freely
- available.
-
- F2c was derived from the original UNIX operating system's f77(1),
- and the generated C follows f77's calling conventions; on some machines, the
- resulting object files are interchangeable with (and behave
- indistinguishably from) objects compiled by f77. The main "advantage" of
- f2c is that it converts ANSI standard Fortran 77 into C without manual
- intervention, at least when invoked by a suitable script or makefile (that
- may need to exercise an f2c option to ensure that COMMON blocks are defined
- just once). The main "problems" are that f2c does no code restructuring
- (e.g., gotos are preserved) and that Fortran I/O gets converted into a bunch
- of calls; thus the translated C code doesn't look too pretty, and in general
- one would need to maintain the Fortran rather than its translation into C.
- [F2c is not meant to displace the services of commercial vendors whose
- business is to convert Fortran into maintainable C.]
-
- There is a plethora of options, many of which exist to support
- different compilation environments for the translated C (e.g., ANSI C or C++
- compatibility, different type sizes, separate files for COMMON blocks to
- appease "smart" linkers). So far f2c (and f2c-generated source) has
- compiled successfully on many machines: Sun, Vax, IBMRT, Apollo, SGI, MIPS,
- and Cray to name a few.
-
- F2c has been under test by the net community for over a year
- and has been verified on the NBS tests, several large math libraries,
- floating point tests, even code for laying cable on the ocean floor!
-
- To find out about f2c, send the following E-mail message to netlib
- (netlib@research.att.com or research!netlib):
-
- send index from f2c
-
- Your message will be answered automatically (by a program -- see CACM vol.
- 30 #5 (May, 1987), pp. 403-407). You will receive a reply explaining how to
- automatically acquire f2c source (about 600K), f2c library source (130K),
- and supporting info (man page, etc). Or you can anonymous-FTP to
- research.att.com and look in directory dist/f2c at these files:
-
- all.Z -- 250K compressed shar file for f2c
- f2c.ps.Z -- 24 page tech report describing f2c
- index -- general info about files
- libf77.Z, libi77.Z -- compressed shar files for libraries
-
- ****************************** DISCLAIMER ******************************
- Careful! Anything free comes with no guarantee.
- ************************************************************************
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Mark Maimone phone: (412) 268 - 7698
- Carnegie Mellon Computer Science email: mwm@cs.cmu.edu
- cmcspt!mwm@cs.cmu.edu
-
- Notes: f2c accepts only fairly vanilla FORTRAN; vendor supplied f77's
- usually produce better quality code, and accept a wider variety
- of codes.
-
- Q8) What is the best compiler for a PC?
-
- There are many products, some are quite good. Few are free.
- f2c and gcc can be had for the PC environment. Popular ones are:
-
- Lahey (very fast compilation; excellent reputation for support)
- Watcom (touted for good optimization)
- MicroWay (support for odd floating point units)
- LPI (multi-platform support)
- MicroSoft (various good hooks into windows and such)
- Absoft (multi-platform support)
-
- It is beyond the scope of a faq to provide a commercial endorsement.
-
- Q9) How does Fortran 90 relate to FORTRAN '77?
-
- With a few minor exceptions, Fortran 90 is a superset
- of X3.9-1978 FORTRAN.
-
- But this does not mean that all "77" codes will port sans changes.
- Many (if not most) programmers employed constructs beyond the '77
- standard, or rely on unspecified behavior (say, assuming that an OPEN
- of an existing file will position the file pointer to just past the
- last record already written) which has changed (that is to say, has
- become specified).
-
- This leads to the obvious question, what is new in Fortran 90?
-
- A complete answer would require considerable text. Some of the most
- obvious additions are:
-
- 1) array notation (operators, etc.)
- 2) dynamic memory allocation
- 3) derived types and operator overloading
- 4) keyword argument passing, INTENT (in, out, inout)
- 5) modules
- 6) modern control structures
- 7) free format source code form
- 8) other stuff
-
- While it is always tricky to characterize the motives of a large group
- of people, I <khb> am inclined to try as follows:
-
- '90 incorporates two sets of improvements: (1) relatively minor
- fixups that *could* have been done earlier (2) relatively major
- changes to enable better software engineering practices.
-
- Sometimes a "minor" fixup has major effect, such as addition of free
- form source form combined with cannonization of the MIL-STD 1753
- INCLUDE.
-
- I further go off on a limb and assert that it was the goal of the
- *committee* to evolve Fortran in a fashion to enable it to continue to
- be the premier language for scientific computation.
-
-
- Q10) My compiler is mis-behaving; who enforces the standard?
-
- ANSI and ISO standards do not usually have a particular enforcement
- mechanism. Local bodies sometimes do.
-
- However, it should be borne in mind that if *your* source code is
- not standard compliant there is *NO* obligation for a FORTRAN ('77
- and before) compiler to do *ANYTHING* in particular. In Fortran (90)
- the text in "constraints" must be tested and a warning produced
- (compiler option can be used to evade this, of course).
-
- Some (notably Guy Steele, with respect to another standard) have
- noted that when non-standard complying code is encountered, a
- compiler may do *ANYTHING* including initation of Global Warfare.
- Keep this in mind.
-
- When you do find a bona fide compiler bug, you are generally best
- served by reporting it to the *vendor*. If you neglect to tell the
- vendor, how can you complain about it not being fixed?
-
- When reporting a *suspected* bug be sure to be quite specific
- about the computer system, operating system rev level (patches
- applied if known) and *compiler*version* (and patches thereof).
- It is very hard for people to read your mind; but they will try.
- The attempts are often entertaining, sometimes helpful, but always
- an inefficient use of people-time and net-bandwidth.
-
- Also note that it is generally helpful if you cut down the example
- to the smallest size you can. Vendors are developers too; the
- tendency is invest time/money where one can get the biggest bang
- for the buck.
-
-
- Q11) What are good books on Fortran?
-
- Don't know if they are good. Inclusion in the list is not
- endorsement. Have misplaced name of the compiler of the
- original list <sorry>
-
-
- Author Title Year
- Kruger Efficient Fortran Programming 1990
- Mojena/Ageloff FORTRAN 77 1990
- Metcalf/Reid FORTRAN 90 EXPLAINED 1990
- Boyle FORTRAN 77 PDQ 1989
- Bezner FORTRAN 77 1989
- Tremblay PROGRAMMING IN FORTRAN 77 1988
- Salmon ... ENGINEERS & SCIENTISTS WITH FORTRAN 77 1988
- Nyhoff/Leestma FORTRAN 77 FOR ENGINEERS & SCIENTISTS 1988
- McCracken/Salmon ... ENGINEERS & SCIENTISTS WITH FORTRAN 77 1988
- Davis/Hoffman FORTRAN 77: A STRUCTURED DISCIPLINED STYLE 1988
- Barnard/Skillicorn FORTRAN 77 FOR ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS 1988
- Mashaw PROGRAMMING STRUCTURED FORTRAN 77 1987
- Cole FORTRAN 77: A STRUCTURED ... APPROACH 1987
- Boillot UNDERSTANDING FORTRAN-77 1987
- Starkey/Ross FUNDAMENTAL PROGRAMMING WITH FORTRAN 77 1986
- Rouse/Bugnitz INTRODUCTION TO FORTRAN 77 1986
- Ratzer FORTRAN 77 COURSE 1986
- Page FORTRAN 77 FOR HUMANS 1986
- Lehman ... SOCIAL SCIENCES: ALGORITHMS & FORTRAN 77 1986
- Smith FORTRAN 77: A PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH 1985
- Shelly FORTRAN 77: AN INTRODUCTION 1985
- Nickerson FUNDAMENTALS OF FORTRAN 77 PROGRAMMING 1985
- Metcalf EFFECTIVE FORTRAN 77 1985
- McKeown STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING USING FORTRAN 77 1985
- Hume FORTRAN 77 FOR SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS 1985
- Dillman PROBLEM SOLVING WITH FORTRAN 77 1985
- Brainerd FORTRAN 77 FUNDAMENTALS AND STYLE 1985
- Borse FORTRAN 77 & NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ENGINEERS1985
- Adman FORTRAN 77 SOLUTIONS NON-SCIENTIFIC PROBS. 1985
- SSI, Inc. Staff FORTRAN 77 REFERENCE 1984
- Etter PROBLEM SOLVING WITH STRUCTURED FORTRAN 77 1984
- Etter PROBLEM SOLVING USING FORTRAN 77 ?
- Dyck FORTRAN 77: A STRUCTURED APPROACH ... 1984
- Chivers/Clark FORTRAN 77: A HANDS ON APPROACH 1984
- Adman FORTRAN 77 FOR NON-SCIENTISTS 1984
- Willamson/Levesque * A GUIDEBOOK TO FORTRAN ON SUPERCOMPUTER 1989
- Rule FORTRAN 77: A PRACTICAL APPROACH 1983
- Rouse/Bugnitz PROGRAMMING THE IBM PC: FORTRAN 77 1983
- Nyhoff/Leestma PROBLEM SOLVING WITH FORTRAN 77 1983
- Marateck FORTRAN 77 1983
- Lehmnkuhl FORTRAN 77 1983
- Law ANSI FORTRAN 77: INTRO. TO SOFTWARE DESIGN 1983
- Holoien/Behforooz ... STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING WITH FORTRAN 77 1983
- Grout FUNDAMENTAL ... PROGRAMMING USING FORTRAN 77 1983
- Fleming/Redish THE U. S. MC MASTER GLOSSARY OF FORTRAN-77 1983
- Cole ANSI FORTRAN IV WITH FORTRAN 77 EXTENSIONS 1983
- Wu ANSI FORTRAN IV & 77 AND BUSINESS PROGRAMS 1982
- Pollack STRUCTURED FORTRAN 77 PROGRAMMING 1982
- Katzan FORTRAN 77 1982
- Gibson/Young INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING USING FORTRAN 77 1982
- Ellis STRUCTURED APPROACH FORTRAN 77 PROGRAMMING 1982
- Durgin FORTRAN 77 1982
- Nanney A PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH USING FORTRAN 77 1981
- Merchant FORTRAN 77: LANGUAGE AND STYLE 1981
- Khailany BUSINESS PROGRAMMING FORTRAN IV/ANSI FORTRAN 1981
- Ashcroft PROGRAMMING WITH FORTRAN 77 1981
- Wagener FORTRAN 77 ?
- Wagener PRINCIPLES OF FORTRAN 77 PROGRAMMING 1980
- Meissner/Organick FORTRAN 77 FEATURING STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING 1980
- Hume/Holt PROGRAMMING FORTRAN 77 1979
- Balfour PROGRAMMING IN STANDARD FORTRAN 77 1979
- Brainerd Programmer's guide to Fortran 90 1990
- Adams et al Fortran 90 Handbook 1991
- Counihan Fortran 90 1991
- O'Reilly&Assoc Unix for FORTRAN Programmers 1990
-
- Q12) Are there pretty printers for FORTRAN?
-
- Yes.
-
- One such is SPAG: OTG <usa> voice 717 222 9100 fax 717 229 9103
- Authors are
-
- Polyhedron Software Ltd
- Magdalen House
- 98 Abingdon Road
- Standlake
- Witney
- Oxon OX8 7RN
-
- Tel 0865 300 579
-
-
- Another is Fortran development Tools from Quibus 714 527 1384
-
- Also FOR_STRUC from cobalt-blue. 404 518 1116
-
- These more than pretty print, they optionally restructure your
- code (duplicating code as needed to tidy up strange GOTO lists,
- turning them into IF-THEN chains, and etc.).
-
-
- From: dappel@grafted.UUCP (Dave Appel)
- Newsgroups: comp.lang.fortran
- Subject: Re: code beautifier wanted
- Date: 4 Mar 92 21:30:25 GMT
- Organization: GRAFTED, Central Indiana's Usenet BBS 317-881-4369
-
- wg@cbnewsm.att.com (Bill Gieske) writes:
- > I have tons of old FORTRAN code, most of it in upper case, the majority
- > of it not indented. Is there a code beautifier, either PD or $$ that I
- > can run the code through to improve the readability, hence the main-
- > tainability?
- > Reply to me direct. I will summarize if appropriate.
- > Bill Gieske
- > AT&T Bell Laboratories
- > wg%alux2@att.research.com
-
- Call "The Connection at 800-336-1166" and ask for
- their software catalog.
-
- In their catalog that I have, Sprint 1992, there is an
- ad on page 39 from AutoCASE Technology. They have
- a product called "AutoFLOW-FORTRAN" that lists for $1,995.
- It claims to automatically document your existing source code.
- AutoCASE's number is 408-446-2273.
-
- On page 93 is an ad from POWERLINE Software Inc.
- Their number is 800-257-5773, 206-623-9204. They offer
- a product called SOURCE PRINT+, which they call a code
- management tool with "multi-style formatting with structured
- code blocking."
-
- They have a Fortran/Basic version for $169, and a Delux
- Multi-language version for $249. This program is for
- DOS (MS-DOS presumably) Windows, and OS/2.
-
- Hope this helps.
-
- --
- Dave Appel
- The Grafted Branch BBS
- 317-881-4369
- internet: dappel@grafted.UUCP
- uucp: ..!uunet!grafted.UUCP!dappel
- -= newsfeeds available, contact robert@towers.rn.com =-
-
- Hindsight/Fortran
-
- Summary:
-
- Features include the ability to draw an interactive structure
- chart and display coverage, software complexity and
- performance information on the structure chart. There are also
- code tracing features, for instance 3 logic diagrams are
- produced. Common blocks can be traced through the structure
- charts, including specific variables within common blocks.
- Hindsight is excellent for documentation, code inspection, and
- bringing new software engineers up to speed on new code.
-
- For more information or a free demo copy, contact:
-
- Dan Zimmerman, National Account Manager
- Advanced Software Automation, Inc.
- 3130A Coronado Dr
- Santa Clara, 95054
-
- Phone: 408 492-1668 Fax: 408 492-1669
-
- Email: zimme@hindsight.com
-
- Alternative contact (if Dan cannot be reached:
- manny@hindsight.com (John Mansperger)
-
-
- Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 features
-
- Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 is a fully integrated software
- maintenance, testing, and re-engineering environment which addresses
- many problems of the software development cycle, from design to
- maintenance.
-
- Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 parses FORTRAN source code, decomposes
- system structure, and from this analysis, produces a single database
- from which all of Hindsight's charts, diagrams and reports are
- produced. The results of Hindsight's analysis is a detailed picture
- of the static structure of the software system, a representation of
- the common and local data, and connections to the dynamically
- collected run-time data. From this, Hindsight generates active
- structure charts where the user can isolate logical subtrees to
- analyze both the parents and the children of a selected function.
- Hindsight collects and analyzes performance, complexity, and test
- coverage data. With the structure chart, the user can display this
- data in a graphical and easy to use format. From the structure chart,
- the user can edit multiple functions at a time without having to
- specify the file or directory path where the file exists. Hindsight
- even displays the use of common blocks on the structure chart.
- Lastly, Hindsight generates logic diagrams for the entire program,
- provides point-and-click tracing between high-level and detailed logic
- with active line numbers, and generates over fifty detailed reports.
-
- All capabilities mentioned above are integrated in a menu
- driven environment utilizing the OpenLook or Motif Graphical User
- Interface. Engineers only need to specify a list of source files to be
- analyzed and select the operation and parameters for their purposes.
- Hindsight provides the ability for multiple diagrams and reports to be
- produced simultaneously during a single Hindsight session.
-
- Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 provides an innovative technique to
- graphically represent a software system. The structure chart reflects
- the system structure, from which the user can get a clear overview of
- the program being examined. Hindsight also allows the user to view or
- edit the original code with a click on any subprogram box in the
- structure chart. A major time-saving advance is Hindsight's ability
- to reanalyze an edited function and update the structural database
- without reanalyzing the entire system. The J-Diagram and ActionPlus
- diagram are two graphical representations of the logic in a software
- system and can contain a single module or the entire system. Both
- diagrams utilize the active line number technique to link high-level
- module calls with detailed module logic. Hindsight also actively
- links computed GOTO statements with their destination labels by
- clicking on the label. Users can walk through programs and trace the
- logic without having to memorize the directories and files where
- subprograms are defined and called. This technique saves a great deal
- of the users time.
-
- Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 has many integrated automated tools to
- generate documents either on-screen or on paper. Because the documents
- are automatically generated, they can be updated as soon as engineers
- have modified their source code. This approach guarantees the
- consistency between the design documents and the source code. The
- updated and correct documents will be of great value in maintaining
- and improving software products. These documents are available
- on-line to the user and readily accessible through Hindsight's
- interactive report mechanism.
-
- Hindsight Version 1.0 has the ability to provide segment or line test
- coverage data. Hindsight generates test coverage data and displays
- the data on the structure chart in a statistical way. Hindsight can
- also display the precise location of testing deficiencies on the
- J-Diagram, which helps engineers find the exact part of the program
- where the code has not been tested. Hindsight's ability to display
- performance data, complexity metrics, and test coverage data on charts
- and diagrams play an important role in controlling program quality.
-
- Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 uses a new notation for the J-diagram
- which accommodates branch test coverage capability. The new notation
- has a better and more precise method of showing control levels,
- complexity, and segment number counting. The branch test coverage
- data generation and display is a great enhancement for test coverage
- analysis. Hindsight's branch test coverage is able to detect
- invisible branches, finding more problems that would otherwise be
- hidden in programs. With this information, users can add test cases
- for covering the untested code.
-
- Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 contains the ability to speed up the
- development process by generating a specific order for coding the
- modules of a users system. By analyzing a group of modules containing
- nothing more than empty shells of subprograms that call the other
- subprograms in the system, Hindsight generates the coding order for
- the modules to ensure that the process will be testable with the use
- of a single driver process and without the need to stub out uncoded
- subprograms. The bottom-up coding approach saves time that would be
- wasted coding unneeded stubs. As development proceeds, Hindsight's
- ability to verify that calls to other subprograms are utilizing the
- proper interface will also save time and improve program quality.
-
- Other tools:
-
- Refine/FORTRAN ("re-engineering tool")
- Reasoning Systems Inc
- 415 494 6201
-
- FORM (graphical interface to toolpack)
- University of Kent 44 227 762811
-
-
- pub/fortran/fxref.tar.Z from biome.bio.ns.ca.
- create cross reference of a FORTRAN program.
-
- CLEAN77 available from Purdue University.
- Mail Greg Flint (afc.klaatu.cc.purdue.edu) for more info.
-
- There is a program called TIDY that is available via
- FTP from simtel20 pub/msdos/fortran/tidy621.zip on
- oak.oakland.edu
-
- Q13) Why are there aimless debates?
-
- There are some persistent individuals who would like computer systems
- to work in a fashion somewhat unlike they do now. It seems pointless
- to debate with them; the debates (in various groups) always take
- the same form and never result in meaningful dialog.
-
- One can usually recognize such by reading a week or so's worth of
- postings. Sometimes you may have to read for a month to recognize
- such. When you do, please try to avoid triggering (or responding to)
- such individuals.
-
- Many (if not most) newsreaders support a feature entitled KILL files.
- As you recognize individuals, you may wish to put them into your
- local kill file. For example, the style employed by GNUS:
-
- (gnus-kill "From" "hrubin@pop.stat.purdue.edu")
- (gnus-kill "Subject" "test")
-
- the first kills off all postings from the named individual,
- the second kills off all postings including the beloved "test" string.
- See your local NewsGod for details suitable for your local system.
-
- Q14) How do I call f77 from C (and visa versa)
- This is quite platform dependent. For Suns see the FORTRAN User's
- Guide, Chapter 14.
-
- There is a package available from usenet which attempts to make
- this "quick and easy" for a wide range of platforms:
-
- ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9) Location: /comp.sources.misc/volume20
- DIRECTORY rwxr-xr-x 512 Jun 27 1991 cfortran
-
- It is on many other sites (around the world) too. See archie if
- you need other pointers.
-
- For some systems, you have to initialize a runtime system explicitly
- if you call a different language, and stopping execution from the
- other program may not work.
-
-
- Q15) What constitutes good FORTRAN style?
-
- One rendition of a FORTRAN 77 style guide is available through anonymous
- ftp from ics.uci.edu (128.195.1.1). To retrieve (please note that it's
- not really "anonymous", that's just the Name that you'll be using):
-
- % ftp ics.uci.edu
- anonymous
- <enter your e-mail address at Password: prompt>
- cd pub/levine
- ascii
- get F77_Style_Guide
- bye
-
- If you can't access this site directly, please send an e-mail request to
- levine@ics.uci.edu (BITNET: levine@uci, UUCP: ...!uunet!ucivax!levine).
-
- Q16) For whatever reasons, I want to translate my Fortran into C.
- What tools are available?
-
- f90 from NAG, see above
- f2c see above.
-
- FORTRAN=C=FORTRIX=Rapitech Rapitech (914) 368-3000
- FORTRAN=C=FOR_C=Cobalt Blue 404 518 1116
- FORTRAN=C=PROMULA.FORTRAN=Promula (614) 263-5512
-
- Q17) For whatever reasons, I want to translate my existing C code
- into Fortran. What tools are available?
-
- Regretably none. This is indeed unfortunate, as even a limited
- translator could help with typical C header files.
-
- Q18) What is preprocessing, how can it help? How can it hurt?
-
- Preprocessing often refers to usage of a Macro-prepressor upon ones
- source code prior to compilation.
-
- How can this help?
-
- It can make it easier to move code between machines.
-
- How can this hurt?
-
- It can cause difficulties in compilation of the processed code; most (if
- not all) macro-preprocessors know nothing about Fortran syntax and
- code layout rules. So, a common problem is that after preprocessing
- some text may be lost past "sacred" column 72. Those working with
- compilers that optionally compile *past* line 72 should probably
- employ that option when using a preprocessor.
-
- Common prepressors are: cpp, m4, and ratfor. Many sites have their
- own custom prepressors. Basic functions are:
-
- 1) definition of a symbol
- 2) conditional code selection based on a symbol
- 3) substition of a symbol by its definition
-
- Traditional BSD Unix f77 processors treat a file named foo.F (as
- opposed to foo.f) as one that should be run through cpp prior to
- compilation "automatically".
-
- Q19) How can I convert an existing FORTRAN 77 program to the free form
- source of Fortran 90?
-
- A program to do this, CONVERT, may be obtained by sending a request
- to metcalf@cernvm.cern.ch.
-
- Q20) Who creates these silly standards anyway?
-
- Typically X3J3. X3J3 is an ANSI subcommittee dedicated to Fortran. WG5
- is the ISO counterpart. WG5 owns responsibility for Fortran on an
- international basis. WG5 has previously tasked X3J3 to do the work.
- This arrangement continues.
-
- WG5 is composed of Fortran users, vendors, and academics from several
- ISO supporting nations. Delegates represent *their*countries* not
- their companies; so several delegates from a single company is
- permitted.
-
- ANSI rules prohibit multiple voting delegates from the same company.
- X3J3 is composed of users (aerospace, government labs, military, DECUS,
- railroads, oil to name a few), vendors (IBM, CRI, Sun, Convex, DEC,
- UNISYS, to name a few) and the odd academic (oxford, yale, liverpool, to
- name a couple). Members need not be US citizens nor must their company
- be US domiciled. Being a member of a standards group is typically
- involves non-trivial work. To be effective, one should plan on at
- least 8 weeks of time per year (those who are really doing the hard
- work do far more). This time commitment is typically far more
- expensive than the travel and membership costs.
-
- X3J3 meetings are open to the public. There are typically 4 meetings a
- year, typically 3 are in the US and 1 *may* be overseas (to precede or
- follow the WG5 plenary session). Membership fees are levied by ANSI,
- and are on the near order of $400 (plus an extra $300ish for those who
- wish to be members of the US delegation to ISO). In addition,
- attendees to a particular X3J3 meeting pay a "meeting fee" which
- covers reproduction costs, snacks and etc.
-
- WG5 has established various goals and targets for future work. Roughly
- speaking 5yrs rather than 13years are the targets for future work.
-
- Current work projects include cleanup and interpretations of Fortran
- (90), features for future versions of the standard (e.g. parallel
- processing, "object-oriented" technologies, etc.). In addition to work
- done directly by X3J3, there is work on standardized modules, and OS
- bindings taking place in other organizations. X3J3 would like to keep
- track of such efforts, those involved are invited to inform X3J3 early
- in their development efforts if possible. X3J3 is currently working
- with X3H5, DIN (varying string character) and tracking the efforts of
- HPFF.
-
- New members are always welcome. Visitors are also; though it is very
- hard to get a good grip on things in only one meeting!
-
- Contact the X3J3 chair or vice-chair for more information:
-
- jwagener@trc.amoco.com chair
- mbsh@holstein.fc.hp.com vice-chair
-
- Upcoming meetings are:
-
- 9 Nov - 13 Nov New Haven (Yale)
- 8 Feb - 12 Feb Ft. Lauderdale (Harris)
-
- Q21) How can I read my VAX binary data somewhere else?
-
- Some vendors provide bulit in methods (DEC provides this via
- special options on the OPEN statement). Others provide library support
- (on SPARC products, with the SunPro compilers, checkout convert_external)
- In addition, Accerl8 provides a commerial tool. Contact:
-
- Robert Hickler Tel (303) 863-8088
- Accelr8 Technology Email robert@accelr8.com
-
- for more information.
-
- The following three Q's and A's based on email from:
- ecmtwhk@ccu1.aukuni.ac.nz (Thomas Koenig)
-
- Q22) My F77 program compiled ok on a <system1>, but gives me heaps of
- syntax errors on a <system2>. What's wrong?
-
- Most likely, the program was written with a line length greater than
- 72. If your compiler supports it, turn on the option for greater
- line length (e.g. -e is not uncommon) ; otherwise, split up the
- lines by hand, or via one of those pretty-printers/restructing
- tools mentioned above.
-
- Q23) My F77 program ran ok on a <system1>, but on a <system2> it just gives
- me strange results. What's wrong?
-
- There are different reasons why this could be. Possibly, your program
- violates the standard in some way which is not caught by the compiler
- on <system1>.
-
- Many programs rely on variables to be initialized to zero when a
- subroutine or function is first called, and also on the retention
- of values between calls. While many compilers (VAX/VMX and IBM VS,
- for example) exhibit this behaviour, compilers on newer
- architectures often fill variables with garbage on each new
- function call. This is permitted, according to the standard.
-
- Initialize variables explicitly, and put the variables which you need
- to keep across function calls into SAVE statements. Your compiler may
- have an option to trap unititialized variables; use that to find the
- trouble spots. Alternatively, compile using a flag which forces
- static allocation of all variables.
-
- Another problem might be that the accuracy of REAL and DOUBLE
- PRECISION differs between different platforms; that can cause
- roundoff error to wipe out your results or your program to go
- into endless loops.
-
- Yet another (and much more subtle) problem can occur if a lot of
- formatted I/O is employed. The conversion from internal to
- external representations can introduce very significant errors;
- much worse on some platforms than others (doing correctly rounded
- base conversion is expensive).
-
- There are, of course, lots of other possibilities, these are just
- a starting point.
-
- Q24) Is there a WEB for Fortran (and what is web anyway)?
-
- fweb is available via anonymous ftp; use archie(above) to
- determine current location(s).
-
- As for the more general question, what is WEB .... WEB is a
- "literate" programming system created by Knuth (he of reference
- book fame, and TeX fame, and etc.). It permits the programmer to
- write code and documentation together. WEB takes the "high level
- code and documentation" and creates real publishable
- documentation (using TeX or LaTeX) and compilable code. WEB
- versions for many languages are available.
-
- Q25) Where can I find coded BLAS (and what are coded BLAS?)
-
- The BLAS (basic linear algebra software) comes in several flavors:
- BLAS-1, -2, and -3. These can be described as scalar, vector and
- matrix-matrix levels. "Coded" BLAS are either hand coded in assembler,
- or at least tweaked for a given machine. Some vendors provide these,
- some are provided on the net (see archie) and some are marketed by
- various commercial organizations.
-
- In addition, it should be noted that BLAS-3 is very amenable to
- parallel processing. Done cleverly, this could be done by a network of
- processors over a net. DSS markets just such an implementation. Contact:
-
- Mike Boucher
- Dakota Scientific Software, Inc.
- 501 East Saint Joseph Street
- Rapid City, SD 57701-3995
- fax: (605) 394-1256
- scisoft@well.sf.ca.us
-
- for more information about their implementation.
-
- Q26) How common is DO ... END DO
-
- It is very common; and of course is part of Fortran 90.
- Compilers claimed to *not* support it (much shorter list this
- way)
-
- 1) Salford ftn77/Primos version
- 2) Prime f77 compiler
- 3) Microsoft Fortran for CP/M 8080/Z80 machines
- 4) Fujitsu VPxxx UXP/M compiler
-
-
- Q27) Where can I learn more about the history of Fortran?
- From: metcalf@apofort.cern.ch (Michael Metcalf )
- The history of Fortran is documented in:
-
- Annals of History of Computing, 6, 1, January, 1984 (whole issue).
-
- Programming Systems and Languages (S. Rosen ed.), McGraw Hill, 1967, pp 29-47
- (this is Backus's original paper).
-
- History of Prorammining Languages (R.L. Wexelblat ed.), Academic Press, 1981,
- pp 25-74.
-
- A summary appears in vol. 5 of the Encyclopedia of Science and Technology,
- Academic Press, 1986, under 'Fortran'.
- and in Chapter 1 of Fortran 90 Explained (Oxford, 1990).
-
- --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Keith H. Bierman keith.bierman@Sun.COM| khb@chiba.Eng.Sun.COM
- SunPro 2550 Garcia MTV 12-40 | (415 336 2648) fax 964 0946
- Mountain View, CA 94043 <speaking for myself, not Sun*> Copyright 1992
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu sci.fractals:496 news.answers:4693
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!stanford.edu!agate!sprite.berkeley.edu!shirriff
- From: shirriff@sprite.berkeley.edu (Ken Shirriff)
- Newsgroups: sci.fractals,news.answers
- Subject: Fractal FAQ
- Supersedes: <fractal-faq_723845640@sprite.Berkeley.EDU>
- Followup-To: sci.fractals
- Date: 19 Dec 1992 20:16:35 GMT
- Organization: University of California, Berkeley
- Lines: 1083
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 12 Jan 1993 20:17:52 GMT
- Message-ID: <fractal-faq_724796272@sprite.Berkeley.EDU>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: hijack.berkeley.edu
- Summary: Fractal software, algorithms, definitions, and references.
- Keywords: fractals, chaos, Mandelbrot
-
- Archive-name: fractal-faq
- Last-modified: December 7, 1992
-
- This file is a frequently asked questions file for sci.fractals. The purpose
- of this file is to collect common fractal questions and answers into a con-
- venient file.
-
- Like most FAQs, a copy of this FAQ is archived at various places such as pit-
- manager.mit.edu [18.72.1.58]: /pub/usenet/news.answers/fractal-faq and
- ftp.uu.net [137.39.1.9 or 192.48.96.9]: /usenet/news.answers/fractal-faq.Z .
-
- I am happy to receive more information to add to this file. Also, if you can
- correct mistakes you find, let me know. Remember, this file depends on your
- feedback and contributions. If you think it should have more information on
- some area, please send me that information.
-
- Please send additions, comments, errors, etc. to Ken Shirriff
- (shirriff@sprite.Berkeley.EDU).
-
- Updated questions are marked with an asterisk. The questions which are
- answered are:
- Q1a: What is fractint?
- Q1b: How does fractint achieve its speed?
- Q2a: Where can I obtain software packages to generate fractals?
- Q2b: Where can I obtain fractal papers?
- Q3: Where can I get fractal T-shirts and posters?
- Q4a: How does anonymous ftp work?
- Q4b: What if I can't use ftp to access files?
- Q5: Where is alt.fractals.pictures archived?
- Q6: I want to learn about fractals. What should I read first?
- Q7a: What is the Mandelbrot set?
- Q7b: How is the Mandelbrot set actually computed?
- Q7c: Why do you start with z=0?
- Q7d: What are the bounds of the Mandelbrot set? When does it diverge?
- Q7e: How can I speed up Mandelbrot set generation?
- Q7f: What is the area of the Mandelbrot set?
- Q7g: What can you say about the structure of the Mandelbrot set?
- Q7h: Is the Mandelbrot set connected?
- Q8a: What is the difference between the Mandelbrot set and a Julia set?
- Q8b: What is the connection between the Mandelbrot set and Julia sets?
- Q8c: How is a Julia set actually computed?
- Q8d: What are some Julia set facts?
- Q9a: How does complex arithmetic work?
- Q9b: How does quaternion arithmetic work?
- Q10a: What is an iterated function system (IFS)?
- Q10b: What is the state of fractal compression?
- Q11a: How can you make a chaotic oscillator?
- Q11b: What are laboratory demonstrations of chaos?
- Q12: How are fractal mountains generated?
- Q13: What are plasma clouds?
- Q14a: Where are the popular periodically-forced Lyapunov fractals described?
- Q14b: What are Lyapunov exponents?
- Q14c: How can Lyapunov exponents be calculated?
- Q15: What is the logistic equation?
- Q16: What is chaos?
- Q17: What is nonlinearity? What are nonlinear equations?
- Q18: What is a fractal? What are some examples of fractals?
- Q19a: What is fractal dimension? How is it calculated?
- Q19b: What is topological dimension?
- Q20: What is a strange attractor?
- Q21: How can I join the BITNET fractal discussion?
- Q22: How can 3-D fractals be generated?
- Q23: What are some general references on fractals and chaos?
-
- You can search for the question you're interested in in "rn" or "trn" using
- "g^Q11" (that's lower-case g, up-arrow, Q, and a number) where "11" is the
- question you wish. Or you may browse forward using <control-G> to search for
- a Subject: line.
-
- Questions and answers
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Fractint
-
- Q1a: What is fractint?
- A1a: Fractint is a very popular freeware (not public domain) fractal genera-
- tor. There are DOS, Windows, OS/2, and Unix/X versions. The DOS version is
- the original version, and is the most up-to-date. The Unix version is still
- slightly buggy.
-
- Please note: sci.fractals is not a product support newsgroup for fractint.
- Bugs in fractint/xfractint should usually go to the authors rather than being
- posted.
-
- Fractint is on many ftp sites. For example:
- DOS: ftp to wuarchive.wustl.edu [128.252.135.4]. The source is in the file
- /mirrors/msdos/graphics/frasr172.zip. The executable is in the file
- /mirrors/msdos/graphics/frain172.zip.
- Windows: ftp to wuarchive.wustl.edu. The source is in the file
- /mirrors/msdos/windows3/winsr173.zip. The executable is in the file
- /mirrors/msdos/windows3/winfr173.zip.
- OS/2: available on Compuserve in its GRAPHDEV forum. The files are PM*.ZIP.
- These files are also available from ftp-os2.nmsu.edu in
- /pub/os2/pmfract.zoo, and from hobbes.nmsu.edu.
- Unix: ftp to sprite.berkeley.edu [128.32.150.27]. The source is in the file
- xfract108.shar.Z. Note: sprite is an unreliable machine; if you can't
- connect to it, try again in a few hours, or try hijack.berkeley.edu.
- Macintosh: there is no Macintosh version of fractint, although there are
- several people working on a port. It is possible to run fractint on the
- Macintosh if you use Insignia Software's SoftAT, which is a PC AT emula-
- tor.
-
- For European users, these files are available from ftp.uni-koeln.de. If you
- can't use ftp, see the mail server info in Q3.
-
- Q1b: How does fractint achieve its speed?
- A1b: Fractint's speed (such as it is) is due to a combination of:
-
- 1. using fixed point math rather than floating point where possible (huge im-
- provement for non-coprocessor machine, small for 486's).
-
- 2. exploiting symmetry of fractal.
-
- 3. detecting nearly repeating orbits, avoid useless iteration (e.g. repeatedly
- iterating 0^2+0 etc. etc.).
-
- 4. reducing computation by guessing solid areas (especially the "lake" area).
-
- 5. using hand-coded assembler in many places.
-
- 6. obtaining both sin and cos from one 387 math coprocessor instruction.
-
- 7. using good direct memory graphics writing in 256-color modes.
-
- The first four are probably the most important. Some of these introduce er-
- rors, usually quite acceptable.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Other fractal software
-
- Q2a: Where can I obtain software packages to generate fractals?
- A2a:
- For X windows:
- xmntns and xlmntn: these generate fractal mountains. They can be obtained
- from ftp.uu.net [137.39.1.9] in the directory
- /usenet/comp.sources.x/volume8/xmntns.
- xfroot: generates a fractal root window.
- xmartin: generates a Martin hopalong root window.
- xmandel: generates Mandelbrot/Julia sets.
- xfroot, xmartin, xmandel are part of the X11 distribution.
- lyap: generates Lyapunov exponent images. Ftp from: ftp.uu.net in
- /usenet/comp.sources.x/volume16/lyap.
- spider: Uses Thurston's algorithm for computing postcritically finite po-
- lynomials, draws Mandelbrot and Julia sets using the Koebe algorithm,
- and draws Julia set external angles. Ftp from: lyapunov.ucsd.edu in
- pub/inls-ucsd/spider.
-
- Distributed X systems:
- MandelSpawn: computes Mandelbrot/Julia sets on a network of machines. Ftp
- from: export.lcs.mit.edu [18.24.0.12]: /contrib/mandelspawn-0.06.tar.Z
- or funic.funet.fi[128.214.6.100]: /pub/X11/contrib/mandelspawn-
- 0.06.tar.Z.
- gnumandel: computes Mandelbrot images on a network. Ftp from:
- informatik.tu-muenchen.de [131.159.0.110] in /pub/GNU/gnumandel.
-
- For Unix/C:
- lsys: generates L-systems as PostScript or other textual output. No graph-
- ical interface at present. (in C++) Ftp from: ftp.cs.unc.edu in
- pub/lsys.tar.Z.
- lyapunov: generates PGM Lyapunov exponent images. Ftp from: ftp.uu.net in
- /usenet/comp.sources.misc/volume23/lyapuov. SPD: contains generators
- for fractal mountain, tree, recursive tetrahedron. Ftp from:
- princeton.edu [128.112.128.1] in /pub/Graphics.
-
- For Mac:
- fractal, L-System, 3DL-System, IFS, FracHill are available from
- ftphost.aukuni.ac.nz [130.216.1.5] in the architec directory.
- fractal-wizard-15.hqx, julias-dream-107.hqx, mandel-net.hqx, mandel-zot-
- 304.hqx, and mandella-70.hqx are available from sumex.stanford.edu in
- /info-mac/app.
- mandel-tv: a very fast Mandelbrot generator. Ftp from: oswego.oswego.edu
- [129.3.1.1] in /pub/mac/da/mandel-tv.hqx.
- There are also commercial programs, such as IFS Explorer and Fractal Clip
- Art, which are published by Koyn Software (314) 878-9125.
-
- For NeXT:
- Lyapunov: generates Lyapunov exponent images. Ftp from:
- nova.cc.purdue.edu in /pub/next/2.0-release/source.
-
- For MSDOS:
- Fractal WitchCraft: a very fast fractal design program. Ftp from:
- garbo.uwasa.fi [128.214.87.1] in /pc/demo/fw1-08.zip.
- CAL: generates 15 types of fractals including Mandelbrot, Lyapunov, IFS,
- and user-defined formulas. Ftp from: oak.oakland.edu [141.210.10.117]
- (or any other Simtel mirror) in pub/msdos/graphics/frcal030.zip.
- Fractal Discovery Laboratory: designed for use in a science museum or
- school setting. The Lab has five sections: Art Gallery ( 72 images --
- Mandelbrots, Julias, Lyapunovs), Microscope ( 85 images -- Biomorph,
- Mandelbrot, Lyapunov, ...), Movies (165 images, 6 "movies": Mandel-
- brot Evolution, Splitting a Mini-Mandelbrot, Fractal UFO, ...), Tools
- (Gingerbreadman, Lorentz Equations, Fractal Ferns, von Koch Snowflake,
- Sierpinski Gasket), and Library (Dictionary, Books and Articles).
- Sampler available from Compuserver GRAPHDEV Lib 4 in DISCOV.ZIP, or
- send high-density disk and self-addressed, stamped envelope to: Earl
- F. Glynn, 10808 West 105th Street, Overland Park, Kansas 66214-3057.
- There are a whole bunch of fractal programs available from wsmr-
- simtel20.army.mil [192.88.110.20] in the directory "pd1:<msdos.graphics>":
- forb01a.zip: Displays orbits of Mandelbrot mapping. C/E/VGA
- fract30.arc: Mandelbrot/Julia set 2D/3D EGA/VGA Fractal Gen
- fractfly.zip: Create Fractal flythroughs with FRACTINT
- frain172.zip: FRACTINT v17.2 EGA/VGA/XGA fractal generator
- frasr172.zip: C & ASM src for FRACTINT v17.2 fractal gen.
- frcal030.zip: Fractal drawing program: 15 formulae available
- frcaldmo.zip: 800x600x256 demo images for FRCAL030.ZIP
- frpor172.zip: Xfract-compatible Fractint 17.2 source
- fdesign.zip: Program to visually design IFS fractals
-
- For Amiga: (all entries marked "ff###" are .lzh files in the Fish Disk set
- available at ux1.cso.uiuc.edu and other sites in /amiga/fish)
- General Mandelbrot generators with many features: Mandelbrot (ff030), Man-
- del (ff218), Mandelbrot (ff239), TurboMandel (ff302), MandelBltiz
- (ff387), SMan (ff447), MandelMountains (ff383, in 3-D), MandelPAUG
- (ff452, MandFXP movies), MandAnim (ff461, anims), ApfelKiste (ff566,
- very fast), MandelSquare (ff588, anims)
- Mandelbrot and Julia sets generators: MandelVroom (ff215), Fractals
- (ff371, also Newton-R and other sets)
- With different algorithmic approaches (shown): FastGro (ff188, DLA),
- IceFrac (ff303, DLA), DEM (ff303, DEM), CPM (ff303, CPM in 3-D), Frac-
- talLab (ff391, any equation)
- Iterated Function System generators (make ferns, etc): FracGen (ff188,
- uses "seeds"), FCS (ff465), IFSgen (ff554), IFSLab (ff696, "Collage
- Theorem")
- Unique fractal types: Cloud (ff216, cloud surfaces), Fractal (ff052, ter-
- rain), IMandelVroom (strange attractor contours?), Landscape (ff554,
- scenery), Scenery (ff155, scenery), Plasma (ff573, plasma clouds)
- Fractal generators (I do not know their features): PolyFractals (ff015),
- FFEX (ff549)
- Lyapunov fractals: Ftp /pub/aminet/new/lyapunovia.lha from ftp.luth.se.
- Commercial packages: Fractal Pro 5.0, Scenery Animator 2.0, Vista Profes-
- sional
-
- Please inform me of any other programs you know of.
-
- Q2b: Where can I obtain fractal papers?
- A2b: There are several sites with fractal papers:
-
- There is an archive site for preprints and programs on nonlinear dynamics and
- related subjects at lyapunov.ucsd.edu [132.239.86.10]. There are also arti-
- cles on dynamics, including the IMS preprint series, available from
- math.sunysb.edu [129.49.31.57].
-
- A collection of short papers on fractal formulas, drawing methods, and
- transforms is available from ftp.coe.montana.edu in /pub/fractals.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Fractal items
-
- Q3: Where can I get fractal T-shirts and posters?
- A3: One source is Art Matrix, P.O. box 880, Ithaca, New York, 14851, 1-800-
- PAX-DUTY. Another source is Media Magic; they sell many fractal posters,
- calendars, videos, software, t-shirts, ties, and a huge variety of books on
- fractals, chaos, graphics, etc. Media Magic is at PO Box 598 Nicasio, CA
- 94946, 415-662-2426.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Ftp questions
-
- Q4a: How does anonymous ftp work?
- A4a: Anoynmous ftp is a method of making files available to anyone on the In-
- ternet. In brief, if you are on a system with ftp (e.g. Unix), you type "ftp
- lyapunov.ucsd.edu", or whatever system you wish to access. You are prompted
- for your name and you reply "anonymous". You are prompted for your password
- and you reply with your email address. You then use "ls" to list the files,
- "cd" to change directories, "get" to get files, and "quit" to exit. For exam-
- ple, you could say "cd /pub", "ls", "get README", and "quit"; this would get
- you the file "README".
-
- Q4b: What if I can't use ftp to access files?
- A4b: If you don't have access to ftp because you are on a uucp/Fidonet/etc
- network there is an e-mail gateway at ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com that can retrieve
- the files for you. To get instructions on how to use the ftp gateway send a
- blank message to ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com with one line containing the word
- 'help'.
-
- This is a sample message of how to retrieve xfractint from
- sprite.Berkeley.EDU:
- % mail ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
- Subject: <ignored>
- reply <yourname>@<yoursite>
- connect sprite.berkeley.edu anonymous
- dir /* note: you can give a pathname here to list */
- binary
- uuencode /* note: this command is optional and the default is btoa */
- get xfract108.shar.Z
- quit
-
- That would retrieve a directory of the archive, then xfract108.shar.Z. Note
- that the dir command is important to learn if the filename has changed. To
- receive xfract108.shar.Z, you must set the server to "binary" mode because the
- file is compressed. Compressed files are then either sent out uuencoded or
- btoa'd. So, you must obtain copies of the programs will receive. (Most Unix
- systems have uudecode and uncompress.) Ask your local computer guru for cla-
- rification on how to do this.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Archived pictures
-
- Q5: Where is alt.fractals.pictures archived?
- A5: Alt.fractals.pictures is the newsgroup for fractal images (GIFs, etc.).
- The pictures are available via anonymous ftp from csus.edu [130.86.90.1] in
- /pub/alt.fractals.pictures.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Learning about fractals
-
- Q6: I want to learn about fractals. What should I read first?
- A6: There is a book list at the end. _Chaos_ is a good book to get a general
- overview and history. _Fractals Everywhere_ is a textbook on fractals that
- describes what fractals are and how to generate them, but it requires knowing
- intermediate analysis. _Chaos, Fractals, and Dynamics_ is also a good start.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: The Mandelbrot set
-
- Q7a: What is the Mandelbrot set?
- A7a: The Mandelbrot set is the set of all complex c such that iterating z ->
- z^2+c does not go to infinity (starting with z=0).
-
- Q7b: How is the Mandelbrot set actually computed?
- A7b: The basic algorithm is:
- For each pixel c, start with z=0. Repeat z=z^2+c up to N times, exiting if
- the magnitude of z gets large.
- If you finish the loop, the point is probably inside the Mandelbrot set. If
- you exit, the point is outside and can be colored according to how many
- iterating were completed. You can exit if |z|>2, since if z gets this big it
- will go to infinity. The maximum number of iterations, N, can be selected as
- desired, for instance 100. Larger N will give sharper detail but take longer.
-
- Q7c: Why do you start with z=0?
- A7c: Zero is the critical point of z^2+c, that is, a point where d/dz (z^2+c)
- = 0. If you replace z^2+c with a different function, the starting value will
- have to be modified. E.g. for z->z^2+z+c, the critical point is given by
- 2z+1=0, so start with z=-1/2.
-
- Critical points are important because by a result of Fatou, every attracting
- cycle for a polynomial or rational function attracts at least one critical
- point. Thus, testing the critical point shows if there is any stable attrac-
- tive cycle. See also:
-
- [1] M. Frame and J. Robertson, A Generalized Mandelbrot Set and the Role of
- Critical Points, _Computers and Graphics, Vol. 16_ 16, 1 (1992), pp. 35-40.
-
- Note that you can precompute the first Mandelbrot iteration by starting with
- z=c instead of z=0, since 0^2+c=c.
-
- Q7d: What are the bounds of the Mandelbrot set? When does it diverge?
- A7d: The Mandelbrot set lies within |c|<=2. If |z| exceeds 2, the z sequence
- diverges. Proof: if |z|>2, then |z^2+c| >= |z^2|-|c| > 2|z|-|c|. If
- |z|>=|c|, then 2|z|-|c| > |z|. So, if |z|>2 and |z|>=c, |z^2+c|>|z|, so the
- sequence diverges. Also, note that z1=c, so if |c|>2, the sequence diverges.
-
- Q7e: How can I speed up Mandelbrot set generation?
- A7e: See:
-
- 1. R. Rojas, A Tutorial on Efficient Computer Graphic Representations of the
- Mandelbrot Set, _Computers and Graphics_ 15, 1 (1991), pp. 91-100.
-
- Q7f: What is the area of the Mandelbrot set?
- A7f: Ewing and Schober computed an area estimate using 240,000 terms of the
- Laurent series. The result is 1.7274... The behavior of the approximations
- suggests that the limit is between 1.66 and 1.71. However, the estimates of
- the area from below, using pixel counting, show that the area is at least
- 1.52. The large gap between the lower bound 1.52 and the upper bound 1.71 may
- possibly be an indication that the boundary of the Mandelbrot set has positive
- area. Reference:
-
- 1. J. H. Ewing and G. Schober, The Area of the Mandelbrot Set, _Numer. Math._
- 61 (1992), pp. 59-72.
-
- Q7g: What can you say about the structure of the Mandelbrot set?
- A7g: Most of what you could want to know is in Branner's article in _Chaos and
- Fractals: The Mathematics Behind the Computer Graphics_.
-
- Note that the Mandelbrot set is _not_ self-similar; the tiny copies of the
- Mandelbrot set are all slightly different, mainly because of the thin threads
- connecting them to the main body of the Mandelbrot set. However, the
- Mandelbrot set is quasi-self-similar. Reference:
-
- 1. T. Lei, Similarity between the Mandelbrot set and Julia Sets,
- _Communications in Mathematical Physics_ 134 (1990), pp. 587-617.
-
- The boundary of the Mandelbrot set has Hausdorff dimension 2 and has
- topological dimension 1. (Since the boundary has empty interior, the
- topological dimension is less than 2, and thus is 1.) Reference:
-
- 1. M. Shishikura, The Hausdorff Dimension of the Boundary of the Mandelbrot
- Set and Julia Sets, It is shown that the boundary of the Mandelbrot set M has
- Hausdorff dimension two and that for a generic c in M, the Julia set of z ->
- z^2+c also has Hausdorff dimension two. The proof is based on the study of
- the bifurcation of parabolic periodic points. The paper is available from
- anonymous ftp to math.sunysb.edu [129.49.18.1] in /preprints/ims91-7.
-
- The "external angles" of the Mandelbrot set (see Douady and Hubbard or brief
- sketch in "Beauty of Fractals") induce a Fibonacci partition onto it.
-
- Q7h: Is the Mandelbrot set connected?
- A7h: The Mandelbrot set is simply connected. This follows from a theorem of
- Douady and Hubbard that there is a conformal isomorphism from the complement
- of the Mandelbrot set to the complement of the unit disk. (In other words,
- all equipotential curves are simple closed curves.) It is conjectured that the
- Mandlebrot set is locally connected, and thus pathwise connected, but this is
- currently unproved.
-
- Connectedness definitions:
-
- Connected: X is connected if there are no proper closed subsets A and B of X
- such that A union B = X, but A intersect B is empty. I.e. X is connected if
- it is a single piece.
-
- Simply connected: X is simply connected if it is connected and every closed
- curve in X can be deformed in X to some constant closed curve. I.e. X is
- simply connected if it has no holes.
-
- Locally connected: X is locally connected if for every point p in X, for every
- open set U containing p, there is an open set V containing p and contained in
- the connected component of p in U. I.e. X is locally connected if every
- connected component of every open subset is open in X.
-
- Arcwise (or path) connected: X is arcwise connected if every two points in X
- are joined by an arc in X.
-
- (The definitions are from _Encyclopedic Dictionary of Mathematics_.)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Julia sets
-
- Q8a: What is the difference between the Mandelbrot set and a Julia set?
- A8a: The Mandelbrot set iterates z^2+c with z starting at 0 and varying c.
- The Julia set iterates z^2+c for fixed c and varying starting z values. That
- is, the Mandelbrot set is in parameter space (c-plane) while the Julia set is
- in dynamical or variable space (z-plane).
-
- Q8b: What is the connection between the Mandelbrot set and Julia sets?
- A8b: Each point c in the Mandelbrot set specifies the geometric structure of
- the corresponding Julia set. If c is in the Mandelbrot set, the Julia set
- will be connected. If c is not in the Mandelbrot set, the Julia set will be a
- Cantor dust.
-
- Q8c: How is a Julia set actually computed?
- A8c: The Julia set can be computed by iteration similar to the Mandelbrot
- computation. Alternatively, points on the boundary of the Julia set can be
- computed quickly by using inverse iterations.
-
- Q8d: What are some Julia set facts?
- A8d: The Julia set of any rational map of degree greater than one is perfect
- (hence in particular uncountable and nonempty), completely invariant, equal to
- the Julia set of any iterate of the function, and also is the boundary of the
- basin of attraction of every attractor for the map (see "Complex Analytic
- Dynamics on the Riemann Sphere").
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Complex arithmetic and quaternion arithmetic
-
- Q9a: How does complex arithmetic work?
- A9a: It works mostly like regular algebra with a couple additional formulas:
- (note: a,b are reals, x,y are complex, i is the square root of -1)
- i^2 = -1
- exp(a+i*b) = exp(a)(cos(b)+i*sin(b))
- From these:
- Addition: (a+i*b)+(c+i*d) = (a+c)+i*(b+d)
- Multiplication: (a+i*b)*(c+i*d) = a*c-b*d + i*(a*d+b*c)
- Division: (a+i*b)/(c+i*d) = (a+i*b)*(c-i*d)/(c^2+d^2)
- Sine: sin(x) = (exp(i*x)-exp(-i*x))/(2*i)
- Cos: cos(x) = (exp(i*x)+exp(-i*x)/2
- Magnitude: |a+i*b| = sqrt(a^2+b^2)
- Log: log(a+i*b) = log(|a+i*b|)+i*arctan(b/a) (Note: log is multivalued.)
- Complex powers: x^y = exp(y*log(x))
- DeMoivre's theorem: x^a = r^a * [cos(a*theta) + i * sin(a*theta)]
- More details can be found in any complex analysis book.
-
- Q9b: How does quaternion arithmetic work?
- A9b: Quaternions have 4 components (a+ib+jc+kd) compared to the two of complex
- numbers. Operations such as addition and multiplication can be performed on
- quaternions, but multiplication is not commutative. Quaternions satisfy the
- rules i^2=j^2=k^2=-1, ij=-ji=k, jk=-kj=i, ki=-ik=j.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Iterated function systems
-
- Q10a: What is an iterated function system (IFS)?
- A10a: If a fractal is self-similar, you can specify various mappings that map
- the whole onto the parts. By taking a point and repeatedly applying these
- mappings you end up with a collection of points on the fractal. In other
- words, instead of a single mapping x -> F(x), there is a collection of
- (usually linear) mappings, and random selection chooses which mapping is used.
-
- Iterated function systems can be used to make things such as fractal ferns and
- trees and are also used in fractal image compression. _Fractals Everywhere_
- by Barnsley is mostly about iterated function systems.
-
- Q10b: What is the state of fractal compression?
- A10b: (Much of this information comes from the comp.compression FAQ, available
- from FAQ archive sites as compression-faq. That FAQ has more information and
- a long list of references. The state of fractal compression seems to be quite
- controversial, with some people claiming it doesn't work well, and others
- claiming it works wonderfully.)
-
- Tal Kubo <kubo@zariski.harvard.edu> states:
-
- According to Barnsley's book 'Fractals Everywhere', this method is based on a
- measure of deviation between a given image and its approximation by an IFS
- code. The Collage Theorem states that there is a convergent process to
- minimize this deviation. Unfortunately, according to an article Barnsley
- wrote for BYTE a few years ago, this convergence was rather slow, about 100
- hours on a Cray, unless assisted by a person.
-
- Barnsley et al are not divulging any technical information beyond the meager
- bit in 'Fractals Everywhere'. The book explains the idea of IFS codes at
- length, but is vague about the application of the Collage theorem to specific
- compression problems.
-
- There is reason to believe that Barnsley's company has *no algorithm* which
- takes a given reasonable image and achieves the compression ratios initially
- claimed for their fractal methods. The 1000-to-1 compression advertised was
- achieved only for a 'rigged' class of images, with human assistance. The best
- unaided performance I've heard of is good lossy compression of about 80-1.
-
- But Yuval Fisher <fisher@inls1.ucsd.edu> disagrees:
-
- Their performance has improved dramatically beyond what they were talking
- about in BYTE a few years ago. Human assistance to the compression is no
- longer needed and the compression time is reasonable, although the more time
- and compute power you throw at the compression, the smaller the resulting file
- for the same level of quality.
-
- Kevin Ring provided information on Iterated Systems, Inc.'s products. They
- have a Windows viewer, compressor, and magnifier program, as well as a
- hardware assist board. They claim compression ratios such as 80:1, 154:1,
- 614:1, and 2546:1.
-
- An introductory paper is:
-
- 1. A. E. Jacquin, Image Coding Based on a Fractal Theory of Iterated
- Contractive Image Transformation, _IEEE Transactions on Image Processing_,
- January 1992.
-
- A fractal decompression demo program is available by anonymous ftp to
- lyapunov.ucsd.edu [132.239.86.10] in /pub/inls-ucsd/fractal-2.0.
-
- Another MS-DOS compression demonstration program is available by anonymous ftp
- to lyapunov.ucsd.edu in /pub/young-fractal.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Chaotic demonstrations
-
- Q11a: How can you make a chaotic oscillator?
- A11a: Two references are:
-
- 1. T. S. Parker and L. O. Chua, Chaos: a tutorial for engineers, _Proceedings
- IEEE_ 75 (1987), pp. 982-1008.
-
- 2. _New Scientist_, June 30, 1990, p. 37.
-
- Q11b: What are laboratory demonstrations of chaos?
- A11b: Two references are:
-
- 1. K. Briggs, Simple Experiments in Chaotic Dynamics, _American Journal of
- Physics_ 55, 12 (Dec 1987), pp. 1083-1089.
-
- 2. J. L. Snider, Simple Demonstration of Coupled Oscillations, _American
- Journal of Physics_ 56, 3 (Mar 1988), p. 200.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Fractal mountains
-
- Q12: How are fractal mountains generated?
- A12: Usually by a method such as taking a triangle, dividing it into 3
- subtriangles, and perturbing the center point. This process is then repeated
- on the subtriangles. This results in a 2-d table of heights, which can then
- be rendered as a 3-d image.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Plasma clouds
-
- Q13: What are plasma clouds?
- A13: They are a fractint fractal and are similar to fractal mountains.
- Instead of a 2-d table of heights, the result is a 2-d table of intensities.
- They are formed by repeatedly subdividing squares.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Lyapunov fractals
-
- Q14a: Where are the popular periodically-forced Lyapunov fractals described?
- A14a: See:
-
- 1. A. K. Dewdney, Leaping into Lyapunov Space, _Scientific American_, Sept.
- 1991, pp. 178-180.
-
- 2. M. Markus and B. Hess, Lyapunov Exponents of the Logistic Map with
- Periodic Forcing, _Computers and Graphics_ 13, 4 (1989), pp. 553-558.
-
- 3. M. Markus, Chaos in Maps with Continuous and Discontinuous Maxima,
- _Computers in Physics_, Sep/Oct 1990, pp. 481-493.
-
- Q14b: What are Lyapunov exponents?
- A14b:
-
- Lyapunov exponents quantify the amount of linear stability or instability of
- an attractor, or an asymptotically long orbit of a dynamical system. There
- are as many lyapunov exponents as there are dimensions in the state space of
- the system, but the largest is usually the most important.
-
- Given two initial conditions for a chaotic system, a and b, which are close
- together, the average values obtained in successive iterations for a and b
- will differ by an exponentially increasing amount. In other words, the two
- sets of numbers drift apart exponentially. If this is written e^(n*(lambda))
- for n iterations, then e^(lambda) is the factor by which the distance between
- closely related points becomes stretched or contracted in one iteration.
- Lambda is the Lyapunov exponent. At least one Lyapunov exponent must be
- positive in a chaotic system. A simple derivation is available in:
-
- 1. H. G. Schuster, _Deterministic Chaos: An Introduction_, Physics Verlag,
- 1984.
-
- Q14c: How can Lyapunov exponents be calculated?
- A14c: For the common periodic forcing pictures, the lyapunov exponent is:
-
- lambda = limit as N->infinity of 1/N times sum from n=1 to N of log2(abs(dx
- sub n+1 over dx sub n))
-
- In other words, at each point in the sequence, the derivative of the iterated
- equation is evaluated. The Lyapunov exponent is the average value of the log
- of the derivative. If the value is negative, the iteration is stable. Note
- that summing the logs corresponds to multiplying the derivatives; if the
- product of the derivatives has magnitude < 1, points will get pulled closer
- together as they go through the iteration.
-
- MS-DOS and Unix programs for estimating Lyapunov exponents from short time
- series are available from lyapunov.ucsd.edu in /pub/ncsu.
-
- Computing Lyapunov exponents in general is more difficult. Some references
- are:
-
- 1. H. D. I. Abarbanel, R. Brown and M. B. Kennel, Lyapunov Exponents in
- Chaotic Systems: Their importance and their evaluation using observed data,
- _International Journal of Modern Physics B_ 56, 9 (1991), pp. 1347-1375.
-
- 2. A. K. Dewdney, Leaping into Lyapunov Space, _Scientific American_, Sept.
- 1991, pp. 178-180.
-
- 3. M. Frank and T. Stenges, _Journal of Economic Surveys_ 2 (1988), pp. 103-
- 133.
-
- 4. T. S. Parker and L. O. Chua, _Practical Numerical Algorithms for Chaotic
- Systems_, Springer Verlag, 1989.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Logistic equation
-
- Q15: What is the logistic equation?
- A15: It models animal populations. The equation is x -> c*x*(1-x), where x is
- the population (between 0 and 1) and c is a growth constant. Iteration of
- this equation yields the period doubling route to chaos. For c between 1 and
- 3, the population will settle to a fixed value. For larger c, the population
- will oscillate between two values, then four values, eight, sixteen, etc. For
- still larger c (between 3.57 and 4), the population behavior is chaotic (for
- most c values). See "An Introduction to Chaotic Dynamical Systems" for more
- information.)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Chaos
-
- Q16: What is chaos?
- A16: An attractor is chaotic if at least one of its Lyapunov exponents is
- positive. Chaos results from the existence of a chaotic attractor.
-
- Chaos is the recurrent behavior of a deterministic dynamical system in which
- the phase-space divergence of nearby trajectories at an exponential rate
- results in a limited predictability horizon.
-
- In chaotic iterated systems of the form x_{i+1}=f(x_i), the result after
- iteration is extremely sensitive to the initial value such that
- f^n(x_0+(epsilon)) is nowhere near f^n(x_0).
-
- Chaos results from our inability to predict the future behavior of a
- deterministic system from initial conditions because of its great sensitivity
- to initial conditions.
-
- Chaos is apparently unpredictable behavior arising in a deterministic system.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Nonlinearity
-
- Q17: What is nonlinearity? What are nonlinear equations?
- A17: Nonlinear maps fail to satisfy the condition that f(ax+by)=af(x)+bf(y)
- where x and y are vectors, and a and b are scalars. e.g. f(x)=ax is linear.
- f(x)=x^2 is nonlinear. Nonlinearity is a map or term that is not linear.
-
- A nonlinear system gives an output which is not proportional to the
- corresponding input. Nonlinear dynamical systems possess nonlinear dynamical
- laws, which are functions of the system's state variables.
-
- In linear systems, dy/dx is a constant, while in nonlinear systems dy/dx=some
- nonconstant function of x.
-
- Nonlinear equations fail to exhibit linear superimposability. Nonlinear
- equations can be categorized by differentiability, discontinuity, and "memory"
- (e.g. hysteresis in an electric circuit), etc. This can be important to some
- types of nonlinear analysis such as the Popov hyperstability criterion.
-
- Nonlinearity References:
-
- 1. W. A. Brock and E. G. Baek, Some Theory of Statistical Inference for
- Nonlinear Science, _Review of Economic Studies_ 58, 4 (1991), pp. 697-716.
-
- 2. J. Guckenheimer and P. Holmes, _Nonlinear Oscillations Dynamical Systems
- and Bifurcations of Vector Fields_, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983.
-
- 3. D. Zelinsky, _A First Course in Linear Algebra_, Academic Press, 1973.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: What is a fractal?
-
- Q18: What is a fractal? What are some examples of fractals?
- A18: A fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided
- in parts, each of which is (at least approximately) a reduced-size copy of the
- whole. (A definition from B. Mandelbrot)
-
- A fractal is a set of points whose fractal (Hausdorff) dimension exceeds its
- topological dimension.
-
- Examples of fractals: Sierpinski triangle, Koch snowflake, Peano curve,
- Mandlebrot set.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Fractal dimension
-
- Q19a: What is fractal dimension? How is it calculated?
- A19a: A common type of fractal dimension is the Hausdorff-Besikovich
- Dimension.
-
- Roughly, fractal dimension can be calculated by taking the limit of the
- quotient of the log change in object size and the log change in measurement
- scale, as the measurement scale approaches zero. The differences come in what
- is exactly meant by "object size" and what is meant by "measurement scale" and
- how to get an average number out of many different parts of a geometrical
- object. Fractal dimensions quantify the static *geometry* of an object.
-
- For example, consider a straight line. Now blow up the line by a factor of
- two. The line is now twice as long as before. Log 2 / Log 2 = 1,
- corresponding to dimension 1. Consider a square. Now blow up the square by a
- factor of two. The square is now 4 times as large as before (i.e. 4 original
- squares can be placed on the original square). Log 4 / log 2 = 2,
- corresponding to dimension 2 for the square. Consider a snowflake curve
- formed by repeatedly replacing ___ with _/\_, where each of the 4 new lines is
- 1/3 the length of the old line. Blowing up the snowflake curve by a factor of
- 3 results in a snowflake curve 4 times as large (one of the old snowflake
- curves can be placed on each of the 4 segments _/\_). Log 4 / log 3 =
- 1.261... Since the dimension 1.261 is larger than the dimension 1 of the
- lines making up the curve, the snowflake curve is a fractal.
-
- Fractal dimension references:
-
- 1. J. P. Eckmann and D. Ruelle, _Reviews of Modern Physics_ 57, 3 (1985), pp.
- 617-656.
-
- 2. K. J. Falconer, _The Geometry of Fractal Sets_, Cambridge Univ. Press,
- 1985.
-
- 3. T. S. Parker and L. O. Chua, _Practical Numerical Algorithms for Chaotic
- Systems_, Springer Verlag, 1989.
-
- 4. H. Peitgen and D. Saupe, eds., _The Science of Fractal Images_, Springer-
- Verlag Inc., New York, 1988. ISBN 0-387-96608-0. This book contains many
- color and black and white photographs, high level math, and several
- pseudocoded algorithms.
-
- 5. G. Procaccia, _Physica D_ 9 (1983), pp. 189-208.
-
- 6. J. Theiler, _Physical Review A_ 41 (1990), pp. 3038-3051.
-
- References on how to estimate fractal dimension:
-
- 1. E. Peters, _Chaos and Order in the Capital Markets_, New York, 1991. ISBN
- 0-471-53372-6 Discusses methods of computing fractal dimension. Includes
- several short programs for nonlinear analysis.
-
- 2. J. Theiler, Estimating Fractal Dimension, _Journal of the Optical Society
- of America A-Optics and Image Science_ 7, 6 (June 1990), pp. 1055-1073.
-
- Fractal dimension software:
-
- Fractal Dimension Calculator is a Macintosh program which uses the box-
- counting method to compute the fractal dimension of planar graphical objects.
- It is available by anonymous ftp from wuarchive.wustl.edu The path is:
- /mirrors4/architec/Fractals/FracDim.sit.hqx.
-
- Q19b: What is topological dimension?
- A19b: Topological dimension is the "normal" idea of dimension; a point has
- topological dimension 0, a line has topological dimension 1, a surface has
- topological dimension 2, etc.
-
- For a rigorous definition:
-
- A set has topological dimension 0 if every point has arbitrarily small
- neighborhoods whose boundaries do not intersect the set.
-
- A set S has topological dimension k if each point in S has arbitrarily small
- neighborhoods whose boundaries meet S in a set of dimension k-1, and k is the
- least nonnegative integer for which this holds.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Strange attractors
-
- Q20: What is a strange attractor?
- A20: A strange attractor is the limit set of a chaotic trajectory.
-
- A strange attractor is an indecomposable closed invariant set that "attracts"
- the points about it which contains a transversal homoclinic orbit. (This
- orbit accounts for the strangeness.)
-
- A strange attractor is a phase space locus of a bounded long-term dynamical
- behavior which has a nonzero probability of being observed - its basin of
- attraction has positive measure - and contains not a smooth manifold
- structure, but rather a self-similar or fractal structure. Note: While all
- chaotic attractors are strange, not all strange attractors are chaotic.
- Reference:
-
- 1. Grebogi, et al., Strange Attractors that are not Chaotic, _Physica D_ 13
- (1984), pp. 261-268.
-
- Consider a volume in phase space defined by all the initial conditions a
- system may have. For a dissipative system, this volume will shrink as the
- system evolves in time (Liouville's Theorem). If the system is sensitive to
- initial conditions, the trajectories of the points defining initial conditions
- will move apart in some directions, closer in others, but there will be a net
- shrinkage in volume. Ultimately, all points will lie along a fine line of
- zero volume. This is the strange attractor. All initial points in phase
- space which ultimately land on the attractor form a Basin of Attraction.
- Note: A strange attractor results if a system is sensitive to initial
- conditions and is not conservative.
-
- A strange attractor is the surfaces which the state of a chaotic system will
- be confined to, given time for transients to die out.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: How can I join the BITNET fractal discussion?
-
- Q21: How can I join the BITNET fractal discussion?
- A21: There is a fractal discussion on BITNET that uses an automatic mail
- server that sends mail to a distribution list. To join it, send a message to
- listserv@gitvm1.bitnet with the following as text:
- SUBSCRIBE FRAC-L John Doe (where John Doe is replaced by your name)
- To unsubscribe, send the message:
- UNSUBSCRIBE FRAC-L
- If that doesn't unsubscribe you, you can try:
- SIGNOFF FRAC-L (GLOBAL
- If that doesn't work or you have other problems, you can contact the list
- administrator. You can obtain their name by sending the message:
- REVIEW FRAC-L
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 3-D fractals
-
- Q22: How can 3-D fractals be generated?
- A22: A common source for 3-D fractals is to compute Julia sets with
- quaternions instead of complex numbers. The resulting Julia set is four
- dimensional. By taking a slice through the 4-D Julia set (e.g. by fixing one
- of the coordinates), a 3-D object is obtained. This object can then be
- displayed using computer graphics techniques such as ray tracing.
-
- The papers to read on this are:
-
- 1. J. Hart, D. Sandin and L. Kauffman, Ray Tracing Deterministic 3-D
- Fractals, _SIGGRAPH_, 1989, pp. 289-296.
-
- 2. A. Norton, Generation and Display of Geometric Fractals in 3-D,
- _SIGGRAPH_, 1982, pp. 61-67.
-
- 3. A. Norton, Julia Sets in the Quaternions, _Computers and Graphics,_ 13, 2
- (1989), pp. 267-278.
-
- Instead of quaternions, you can of course use other functions. For instance,
- you could use the regular Mandelbrot formula, but vary both c and z0,
- resulting in a 4-D Mandelbrot set.
-
- Another way of generating 3-D fractals is to use 3-D iterated function systems
- (IFS). These are analogous to 2-D IFS, except they generate points in a 3-D
- space.
-
- A third way of generating 3-D fractals is to take a 2-D fractal such as the
- Mandelbrot set, and convert the pixel values to heights to generate a 3-D
- "Mandelbrot mountain". This 3-D object can then be rendered with normal
- computer graphics techniques.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: What are some general references?
-
- Q23: What are some general references on fractals and chaos?
- A23: Some references are:
-
- 1. M. Barnsley, _Fractals Everywhere_, Academic Press Inc., 1988. ISBN 0-
- 12-079062-9. This is an excellent text book on fractals. This is probably
- the best book for learning about the math underpinning fractals It is also a
- good source for new fractal types.
-
- 2. M. Barnsley and L. Hurd, _Fractal Image Compression_, Jones and Bartlett,
- December, 1992. ISBN 0-86720-457-5. This book explores the science of the
- fractal transform in depth. The authors begin with a foundation in information
- theory and present the technical background for fractal image compression. In
- so doing, they explain the detailed workings of the fractal transform.
- Algorithms are illustrated using source code in C.
-
- 3. M. Barnsley and L. Anson, _The Fractal Transform_, Jones and Bartlett,
- April, 1993. ISBN 0-86720-218-1. This book is a sequel to _Fractals
- Everywhere_. Without assuming a great deal of technical knowledge, the authors
- explain the workings of the Fractal Transform (tm). The Fractal Transform is
- the compression tool for storing high-quality images in a minimal amount of
- space on a computer. Barnsley uses examples and algorithms to explain how to
- transform a stored pixel image into its fractal representation.
-
- 4. R. Devaney and L. Keen, eds., _Chaos and Fractals: The Mathematics Behind
- the Computer Graphics_, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1989.
- This book contains detailed mathematical descriptions of chaos, the Mandelbrot
- set, etc.
-
- 5. R. L. Devaney, _An Introduction to Chaotic Dynamical Systems_, Addison-
- Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-13046-7. This book introduces many of the basic
- concepts of modern dynamical systems theory and leads the reader to the point
- of current research in several areas. It goes into great detail on the exact
- structure of the logistic equation and other 1-D maps. The book is fairly
- mathematical using calculus and topology.
-
- 6. R. L. Devaney, _Chaos, Fractals, and Dynamics_, Addison-Wesley, 1990.
- ISBN 0-201-23288-X. This is a very readable book. It introduces chaos
- fractals and dynamics using a combination of hands-on computer experimentation
- and precalculus math. Numerous full-color and black and white images convey
- the beauty of these mathematical ideas.
-
- 7. R. Devaney, _A First Course in Chaotic Dynamical Systems, Theory and
- Experiment_, Addison Wesley, 1992. A nice undergraduate introduction to chaos
- and fractals.
-
- 8. G. A. Edgar, _Measure Topology and Fractal Geometry_, Springer- Verlag
- Inc., 1990. ISBN 0-387-97272-2. This book provides the math necessary for
- the study of fractal geometry. It includes the background material on metric
- topology and measure theory and also covers topological and fractal dimension,
- including the Hausdorff dimension.
-
- 9. K. Falconer, _Fractal Geometry: Mathematical Foundations and
- Applications_, Wiley, New York, 1990.
-
- 10. J. Feder, _Fractals_, Plenum Press, New York, 1988. This book is
- recommended as an introduction. It introduces fractals from geometrical
- ideas, covers a wide variety of topics, and covers things such as time series
- and R/S analysis that aren't usually considered.
-
- 11. J. Gleick, _Chaos: Making a New Science_, Penguin, New York, 1987.
-
- 12. S. Levy, _Artificial life : the quest for a new creation_, Pantheon
- Books, New York, 1992. This book takes off where Gleick left off. It looks
- at many of the same people and what they are doing post-Gleick.
-
- 13. H. B. Lin, ed., _Chaos_, World Scientific, Singapore, 1984. This is an
- excellent collection of papers on chaos containing some of the most
- significant reports on chaos such as ``Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow'' by
- E.N.Lorenz.
-
- 14. B. Mandlebrot, _The Fractal Geometry of Nature_, W. H. FreeMan and Co.,
- New York. ISBN 0-7167-1186-9. In this book Mandelbrot attempts to show that
- reality is fractal-like. He also has pictures of many different fractals.
-
- 15. H. O. Peitgen and P. H. Richter, _The Beauty of Fractals_, Springer-
- Verlag Inc., New York, 1986. ISBN 0-387-15851-0. Lots of neat pictures.
- There is also an appendix giving the coordinates and constants for the color
- plates and many of the other pictures.
-
- 16. H. Peitgen and D. Saupe, eds., _The Science of Fractal Images_,
- Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, 1988. ISBN 0-387-96608-0. This book contains
- many color and black and white photographs, high level math, and several
- pseudocoded algorithms.
-
- 17. H. Peitgen, H. Jurgens and D. Saupe, _Fractals for the Classroom_,
- Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992. This book is aimed at advanced secondary
- school students (but is appropriate for others too has lots of examples,
- explains the math well, and gives BASIC programs.
-
- 18. C. Pickover, _Computers, Pattern, Chaos, and Beauty: Graphics from an
- Unseen World_, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1990. This book contains a bunch
- of interesting explorations of different fractals.
-
- 19. J. Pritchard, _The Chaos Cookbook: A Practical Programming Guide_,
- Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1992. ISBN 0-7506-0304-6. It contains type-
- in-and-go listings in BASIC and Pascal. It also eases you into some of the
- mathematics of fractals and chaos in the context of graphical experimentation.
- So it's more than just a type-and-see-pictures book, but rather a lab
- tutorial, especially good for those with a weak or rusty (or even non-
- existent) calculus background.
-
- 20. P. Prusinkiewicz and A. Lindenmayer, _The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants_,
- Springer-Verlag, NY, 1990. ISBN 0-387-97297-8. A very good book L-systems,
- which can be used to model plants in a VERY realistic fashion (the book
- contains a lot of pictures).
-
- 21. M. Schroeder, _Fractals, Chaos, and Power Laws: Minutes from an Infinite
- Paradise_, W. H. Freeman, New York, 1991. This book contains a clearly
- written explanation of fractal geometry with lots of puns and word play.
-
- 22. D. Stein, ed., _Proceedings of the Santa Fe Institute's Complex Systems
- Summer School_, Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA, 1988. See esp. the first
- article by David Campbell: ``Introduction to nonlinear phenomena''.
-
- 23. R. Stevens, _Fractal Programming in C_, M&T Publishing, 1989 ISBN 1-
- 55851-038-9. This is a good book for a beginner who wants to write a fractal
- program. Half the book is on fractal curves like the Hilbert curve and the
- von Koch snow flake. The other half covers the Mandlebrot, Julia, Newton, and
- IFS fractals.
-
- 24. I. Stewart, _Does God Play Dice?: the Mathematics of Chaos_, B.
- Blackwell, New York, 1990.
-
- 25. T. Wegner and M. Peterson, _Fractal Creations_, The Waite Group, 1991.
- This is the book describing the Fractint program.
-
- Journals:
- "Chaos and Graphics" section in the quarterly journal _Computers and
- Graphics_. This contains recent work in fractals from the graphics
- perspective, and usually contains several exciting new ideas.
- "Mathematical Recreations" section by A. K. Dewdney in _Scientific American_.
- Algorithms - The Personal Computer Newsletter. P.O. Box 29237, Westmount
- Postal Outlet, 785 Wonderland Road S., London, Ontario, Canada, N6K 1M6.
- Mandala
- Fractal Report. Reeves Telecommunication Labs. West Towan House, Pothtowan,
- TRURO, Cornwall TR4 8AX, U.K.
- Amygdala. P.O. Box 219 San Cristobal, NM 87564-0219. This is a newsletter
- about the Mandelbrot Set and other fractals. A trial subscription for 6
- issues is $15 to: Amygdala Box 219 / San Cristobal, NM 87564. Contact Rollo
- Silver (rsilver@lanl.gov) for more information.
- FRAC'Cetera. This is a gazetteer of the world of fractals and related areas,
- supplied in IBM PC format. For more information, contact: Jon Horner, Editor
- FRAC'Cetera, Le Mont Ardaine, Rue des Ardains, St. Peters, Guernsey, Channel
- Islands, United Kingdom.
-
- Articles:
-
- 1. P. Blanchard, Complex Analytic Dynamics on the Riemann Sphere, _Bull. of
- the Amer. Math. Soc_ 11, 1 (July 1984), pp. 85-141. This article is a
- detailed discussion of the mathematics of iterated complex functions. It
- covers most things about Julia sets of rational polynomial functions.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: Acknowledgements
-
- For their help with this file, thanks go to:
- Alex Antunes, Erik Boman, Jacques Carette, John Corbit, Abhijit Deshmukh,
- Robert Drake, Gerald Edgar, Gordon Erlebacher, Duncan Foster, Murray Frank,
- Jean-loup Gailly, Earl Glynn, Lamont Granquist, Luis Hernandez-Ure:a, Arto
- Hoikkala, Carl Hommel, Robert Hood, Oleg Ivanov, Simon Juden, J. Kai-Mikael,
- Leon Katz, Matt Kennel, Tal Kubo, Jon Leech, Tom Menten, Guy Metcalfe, Eugene
- Miya, Miriam Nadel, Ron Nelson, Tom Parker, Dale Parson, Matt Perry, Francois
- Pitt, Michael Rolenz, Tom Scavo, Jeffrey Shallit, Rollo Silver, Gerolf Starke,
- Bruce Stewart, Dwight Stolte, Tommy Vaske, Tim Wegner, Andrea Whitlock, Erick
- Wong, Wayne Young, and others.
-
- Special thanks to Matthew J. Bernhardt (mjb@acsu.buffalo.edu) for collecting
- many of the chaos definitions.
-
- Copyright 1992 Ken Shirriff (shirriff@sprite.Berkeley.EDU). Please contact me
- if you wish to distribute this file on other systems.
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu comp.text.frame:3528 news.answers:4389
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!usenet
- From: bobmcc@tcsi.tcs.com (Bob McCormick)
- Newsgroups: comp.text.frame,news.answers
- Subject: comp.text.frame FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
- Supersedes: <frame-faq_720770417@athena.mit.edu>
- Followup-To: comp.text.frame
- Date: 3 Dec 1992 06:02:18 GMT
- Organization: Teknekron Communications Systems, Inc.
- Lines: 902
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 16 Jan 1993 06:02:12 GMT
- Message-ID: <frame-faq_723362532@athena.mit.edu>
- Reply-To: bobmcc@tcs.com
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pit-manager.mit.edu
- Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked
- Questions (and their answers) about the FrameMaker
- document publishing system. These FAQs should be
- read by anyone who wishes to post to the
- comp.text.frame newsgroup or the framers mailing
- list.
- X-Last-Updated: 1992/09/03
-
- Archive-name: frame-faq
- Version: 1.5
- Last-modified: 1992/09/03
-
- FrameMaker Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) List
- ===============================================
-
- Issue 1.5 03 Sept 1992
-
- *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-
- Note from Bob:
- I am going to use an automated FAQ poster which
- should distribute this FAQ every 30 days; sooner if it
- is updated.
- Note the new way to get the latest FAQ, in
- General Network Information ii below.
- I hear that FM 4.0 is planned for 1993 Q1.
-
- Eagle-eyed correctors for this issue:
- David Levine
- *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-
-
- This article contains the answers to some Frequently Asked Questions
- (FAQ) often seen in the USENET newsgroup "comp.text.frame" and on the
- "framers" mailing list. It is posted to help reduce volume in this
- newsgroup and to provide hard-to-find information of general interest.
-
- The newsgroup and mailing list are not officially supported by Frame
- Technologies, Inc. (See questions 7 and 8.)
-
- Please redistribute this article to people who ask for it
- or people use FrameMaker!
-
- Most answers are written for FramerMaker version 3.0 or 3.1, and may
- not work (or be applicable) to earlier versions.
-
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
- General Network Information
-
- i If you are new to USENET, subscribe to news.announce.newusers
- and read the postings there. They give you general information and
- tips on making life easier for you and everybody else.
-
- ii To get the latest copy of this faq via mail server, send e-mail
- to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with "send usenet/news.answers/frame-faq"
- in the body of the message.
-
- iii To find other FAQs, look in news.answers.
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
-
- Legend:
- + indicates questions new to this issue;
- ! indicates those with significant changes since the last issue.
-
- Table of Contents:
- 1 How do I get on the mailing list?
- 2 How do I set up autonumbers for Figures as "Figure 5-1"?
- 3 Where can I find a filter to convert <XXXXXX> to Frame?
- 4 How can I print "DRAFT" on the background of every page?
- (See also question 19.)
- 5 Are there any books or magazines published about Frame?
- 6 Are there any Frame User Groups in my area?
- 7 Where do I submit bug reports?
- 8 Where do I submit enhancement requests?
- 9 How can I do bibliographies in FrameMaker?
- 10 How do I display show white text on a black background?
- What are all the keyboard mappings?
- How come I can't type in any dialogs?
- (and other X Window System specific information)
- 11 Is there any easy way to move one or more pages to a different
- place in the document? (Two layout models.)
- 12 Do you know what happens if you the spell checker finds
- "Interleaf" (a competitor to FrameMaker)?
- 13 How can I control which master page is used when text flows
- off of the current page?
- 14 How do I convert a Frame document on the Mac to use it on a
- Sun? (and other platforms)
- ! Why to my imported images show up as gray rectangles when I
- transfer a file from <platform-A> to <platform-B>?
- 15 How do I place an autonumbered figure number in an anchored frame?
- Why doesn't it update properly?
- 16 How can I get "Page 3 of 152" in the footer to work for
- a multi-file book?
- 17 ! How can I print with the "-h" switch in FM3.0/3.1?
- 18 How do I force a page break?
- 19 How can I specify "DRAFT" in the background when I print?
- (See also question 4.)
- 20 What exactly is copied during File:Use Formats?
- 21 How can I automatically import a graphic file whose format is
- not recognized by FM, if I know how to do the conversion manually.
- 22 How do I incorporate code fragments in a Frame doc?
- 23 + How can I change the page size of an existing document?
-
- Questions remaining to be answered (by you? :-)
- . How can I place FM documents under configuration management/
- software control?
- . How can I merge a list of names and addresses with a Frame
- document to generate personalized letters?
- (fmmerge from FUN tape.)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 1 How do I get on the mailing list?
-
- There are two related ways to exchange info with other FrameMaker
- users. Subscribe to the USENET newsgroup comp.text.frame, or get on
- the "framers" reflective mailing list. The newsgroup and the mailing
- list are gatewayed so that all info appears on both. If you don't
- know how to read a newsgroup, ask your system administrator. To get
- on the mailing list, send your request to Mark Lawrence via:
- framers-request@drd.com
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 2 How do I set up autonumbers for Figures as "Figure 5-1"?
-
- In autonumbering, if you include "< >" in the number, this means
- "don't display and don't reset the number in this position." Note the
- space between the angle brackets. Otherwise, when you increment a
- number in a series, all further numbers in the series are reset to 0.
-
- Use one number series for both headers and figure numbers. The
- positions of the numbers in the series are as follows:
-
- <level1> <figure> <table> <example> <level2> <level3> <level4> <level5>
-
- The resultant autonumbers are:
-
- Head1 H:<n+>
- Figure H:<n>-<n+>< >< >< >< >< >< >
- Table H:<n>-< ><n+>< >< >< >< >< >
- Example H:<n>-< >< ><n+>< >< >< >< >
- Head2 H:<n>< >< >< >.<n+>
- Head3 H:<n>< >< >< >.<n>.<n+>
- Head4 H:<n>< >< >< >.<n>.<n>.<n+>
- Head5 H:<n>< >< >< >.<n>.<n>.<n>.<n+>
-
- (Thanks to Alan Koch!)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 3 Where can I find a filter to convert <XXXXXX> to Frame?
-
- There is a list of filters that is maintained, and posted to this list
- when changed. The filter list and most of the filters can be obtained
- by anonymous ftp to the ftp sites listed below.
-
- ftp-name directory
- -------- ---------
- ftp.irisa.fr /FrameMaker/Filters
- procyon.cis.ksu.edu /pub/FUN/Filters
- sunbane.engrg.uwo.ca /pub/fun/filters
-
- A mail server is available for (most of) the filters:
- mail-server@rus.uni-stuttgart.de
- which belongs to the University of Stuttgart in Germany.
-
- To find out how to use the server you can send the following commands
- in the body of a mail to the server:
- HELP
- SEND HELP
-
- The filters reside in the directory: soft/unix/text/framemaker
- and (for now) the following files are available:
- 75541 Jul 6 18:01 soft/unix/text/framemaker/Filters.tar.Z
- 85493 Jul 6 18:01 soft/unix/text/framemaker/bibframe-0.3.tar.Z
- 6604 Jul 6 18:01 soft/unix/text/framemaker/epsf2epsi.tar.Z
- 52503 Jul 6 18:02 soft/unix/text/framemaker/filters40.mif.Z
- 107803 Jul 6 18:02 soft/unix/text/framemaker/fmbib.tar.Z
- 43241 Jul 6 18:02 soft/unix/text/framemaker/la2mml.tar.Z
- 38420 Jul 6 18:02 soft/unix/text/framemaker/mif2man.shar
- 3116 Jul 6 18:02 soft/unix/text/framemaker/prog2mif.tar.Z
- 7020 Jul 6 18:02 soft/unix/text/framemaker/ps3epsi.tar.Z
- 6973 Jul 6 18:02 soft/unix/text/framemaker/pstoepsi.tar.Z
- 22051 Jul 6 18:03 soft/unix/text/framemaker/word2mif12.sh.Z
-
- Example of getting a file:
- begin
- send soft/unix/text/framemaker/prog2mif.tar.Z
- end
-
- If you do not have access to any of these methods, request the list by
- sending email to Ed van Leeuwen (Ed.van.Leeuwen@tnofel.fel.tno.nl) or
- Mark Lawrence (framers-request@drd.com).
-
- (Thanks to Ed and Mark, and thanks to Hansjuergen Paul
- [paul@iatge.uucp] and Barbara Burr [Burr@rus.uni-stuttgart.de] for
- helping to set up the mail server!)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 4 How can I print "DRAFT" on the background of every page?
- (See also question 19.)
-
- On the master page, create a new text rectangle. Add the following
- text:
- (DRAFT) /Times-Roman /B -52 /UL .8
- #include "$FMHOME/.fminit2.0.ps/docs/BigFill.ps
-
- where $FMHOME is the pathname of your $FMHOME directory. Select the
- text rectangle and choose Format Flow. Select Postscript Code and
- choose OK. Go to the body pages and print.
-
- The arguments are:
- 1 = string to print, in parenthesis, e.g. (PRELIMINARY)
- 2 = font desired: /font, e.g. /Times-Roman
- 3 = mode code where /W = fill width, /H = fill height, /B = fill both,
- expands the characters to fill the text rectangle
- 4 = rotate value from -180 to +180
- where positive = counterclockwise, negative = clockwise
- 5 = starting corner: /LL /LR /UR /UL where LL = lower left, etc.
- 6 = grayscale value from 0 to 1 where 0 = black, 1 = white
-
- The size of the text is determined by the size of the text rectangle
- and the "mode code" argument.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 5 Are there any books or magazines published about Frame?
-
- --------
- A. Michael Fraase. 1992. "Structured Publishing from the Desktop: Frame
- Technology's FrameMaker." Business One Irwin, Homewood, IL. 336 pp.
- Softbound. $24.95 ISBN 1-55623-616-6.
-
- Quoting from the cover:
- Michael Fraase shows users how to:
- * Use the valuable, time-saving indexing, multiple level cross-referencing,
- and hypertext capabilities of the program.
- * Design and implement various templates essential to completing a number
- of real-world tasks.
- * Apply the discoveries and experiences of other users so you can avoid
- design pitfalls.
-
- Fraase compares the pros and cons among the leading Macintosh word
- processing and publishing applications so you can make the best, most
- informed decision for your desktop needs. Filled with dozens of
- frustration-saving, easy-to-follow diagrams, he walks you through the
- features of the software so you can take advantage of all of its
- capabilities. You'll see how to use FrameMaker in a collaborative
- workgroup environment so you can avoid potential problems and manage
- production efficiently. He also includes a chapter showing you how he
- used FrameMaker for the production of this book, from the proposal
- stage to preparing the camera ready manuscript. "Structured
- Publishing from the Desktop" takes off where the software manual ends
- so you can enjoy all of the benefits of this exciting software!
-
- (Thanks to Binion Amerson!)
-
- --------
- B. Juergen Gulbins. 1992. "Desktop Publishing mit FrameMaker".
- Published in German. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York.
- ISBN 3-540-54455-0
-
- (Thanks to Karl Obermayr!)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 6 Are there any Frame User Groups in my area?
-
- Usually called FUN for Frame User Network.
-
- Chicago IL USA
- Lester LaPierre (708) 576-4445
- Cleveland OH USA
- Eric LaPresto (216) 445-9368
- Columbus OH USA
- Alan Addis (614) 477-3600 x2497
- Peggy Sutliff " x3200
- Dallas-Fort Worth TX USA
- Darja Adams (214) 869-0680 x2257
- Dayton OH USA
- Brian Bermhardt (513) 257-2479
- Detroit MI USA
- Myron Hayden (313) 459-5630
- Indianapolis IN USA
- Brad Williamson (317) 230-5564 (317) 471-3055
- (317) 872-7220 x632
- Milwaukee WI USA
- Luke Heffron (414) 782 0007
- Minneapolis MN USA
- Nancee Melby (612) 726-2277
- New England USA
- Dan York funne@srbci.mv.com (603) 894-4500
- Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Alan S. Koch ask@sei.cmu.edu (412) 268-6395
- San Francisco Bay Area, CA USA
- Ruth LoCurto rlocurt@cadev6.intel.com (408) 765-4157
-
- Frame has installed a pre-recorded message to find out about user
- group meetings. The number is (USA) +1 408-433-3311 x2286.
-
- If you want to start one of your very own FUN group, contact
- Sandy Knox slk@frame.com +1 (408) 433-3311
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 7 Where do I submit bug reports?
-
- Mail them to comments@frame.com . Sending them to this newsgroup
- helps others to avoid the bugs and possibly provide work-arounds, but
- you MUST mail directly to Frame to submit a bug report. Frame does
- not officially read this newsgroup.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 8 Where do I submit enhancement requests?
-
- Mail them to comments@frame.com . Sending them to this newsgroup may
- allow others to suggest a work-around, but you MUST mail directly to
- Frame to submit a request. Frame does not officially read this
- newsgroup.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 9 How can I do bibliographies in FrameMaker?
-
- --------
- A. fmbib
-
- "fmbib" takes a Frame document (.mif format) as its input, with
- "Bibliography" markers embedded where the references occur. The marker
- text is that of a key word indexed into a bibliography database file,
- such as Scribe's ".bib" files. In fact, the program is compatible
- with Scribe bibliography files. The user can also specify on the
- command line one of several reference and bibliography styles. fmbib
- will then generate a new FM .mif file which is the actual
- bibliography. The original document is modified to contain
- cross-references to this new document. These references appear as
- visible text when the user updates cross-references in the original
- document. The program also aids in creating new bibliography database
- files.
-
- The sources have been built and tested under CMU's BSD4.3-compliant
- MACH OS, for Sun3, Sun4, Pmax, Vax, and IBM-RT workstations. It
- should be portable to any Unix box.
-
- Available for anonymous ftp
- in the USA:
- ftp.mips.com in pub/frame/fmbib.tar.Z
- in Europe:
- peanuts.pst.informatix.uni-muenchen.de (IP: 129.187.236.10)
- in pub/etc/fmbib.tar.Z
-
- You will need to uncompress and untar this file.
-
- (Thanks to Craig Marcus!)
-
-
- --------
- B. BibFrame
-
- BibFrame makes it possible to deal with references in FrameMaker in a
- general way. You do not have to enter your reference list by hand
- every time you write a document. Instead, the reference list is
- automatically generated from a data base with references. This ensure
- that your reference entries are in the right format. You do not have
- to bother with how things should be emphasized, abbreviated and so on.
-
- You have a database with references. The format of the references is
- the same format that is used by BibTeX. That means that people using
- LaTeX and FrameMaker can use the same data base.
-
- Currently it is possible to use the bibliography styles ``plain'',
- ``alpha'' and ``mapalike''.
-
- It ought to work on most unix machines. This program requires bibtext
- to be present.
-
- Available for anonymous ftp from isy.liu.se (130.236.1.3) in
- pub/misc/bibframe-0.3.tar.Z
-
- (Thanks to Tommy Persson!)
-
-
- --------
- C. EndNote Plus
-
- Using EndNote with FrameMaker
- By: Todd R. Johnson, tj@cis.ohio-state.edu
- Last Updated: 1/16/92
-
- I am specifically using FM 3.0 and EndNote Plus.
-
- I welcome comments and questions about these instructions.
-
- In the following instructions "reference marker" refers to the label
- placed in the source document at the location where you want the in
- text citation to appear. For example:
-
- Heuristic classification {Clancey, 1987 #52} is defined as...
-
- This is what you get if you select an entry in an EndNote database
- and then copy it to the clipboard.
-
- The following instructions assume that your FM document consists of
- a single file. Multiple file documents can be handled in a similar
- fashion.
-
- 1. Every reference marker in your FM document must be the value of a
- variable. For example, create a variable called (Clancey, 1987 #52)
- with {Clancey, 1987 #52} as the value. This is necessary because
- EndNote will not be able to read the reference marker if it is
- hyphenated or spread over two lines. The values of variables in the
- variable definitions found in a MIF file are not hyphenated or spread
- among lines, so EndNote can read them. Note that in your document the
- reference markers (even when done as variables) will be hyphenated
- and/or split across lines. That is OK, since EndNote directly changes
- the definition of the variable and that definition is not hyphenated
- or split.
-
- Also, for reference marker delimiters you should use curly
- brackets (as shown above) instead of EndNote's default square
- brackets. MIF uses square brackets (but doesn't appear to use any
- curly brackets) to denote various information and EndNote will think
- that these are citations and try to find a match for them in your
- bibliography. Furthermore, EndNote Plus has a bug that causes it to
- crash if it sees an open delimiter without a corresponding close
- delimiter. Since the MIF file contains a lot of square brackets a
- crash will sometimes occur if you use square brackets.
-
- 2. When you are ready to add your bibliography write out your FM
- document as a MIF file.
-
- 3. Create a Microsoft Word 4 file called Bibliography (or whatever name you
- like). This is the file that will eventually contain your formatted
- bibliography entries. The first time I tried this I used an empty
- Word document and EndNote crashed, so add a few
- paragraph marks to the Word file.
-
- 4. Have EndNote open your MIF file using the menu selection:
- Paper-->Open Paper.
-
- 5. Use the "Next file" option (Paper-->Next File) in EndNote to have
- it open the Word 4 Bibliography file.
-
- 6. Tell EndNote to format your paper (Paper-->Format). (As usual,
- make sure you have selected the appropriate citation style.) EndNote
- will create two new documents. The first will be a MIF document of
- your paper with the reference markers replaced with the appropriate
- in-text citations. The second is a Word file containing your
- bibliography entries with the appropriate text styles (e.g., italics,
- underlining, etc.)
-
- 7. Open the newly created MIF file from FrameMaker.
-
- 8. Open the Word file from within FM. [Note: If you are using
- Connectix Virtual and FM 2.1, make sure you turn off Virtual or set it
- at no more than 8 megs before you try to open the Word file. (FM 2.1
- filters will crash if Virtual has more than 8 megs assigned.)]
-
- 9. Copy the bibliography entries and paste them into the MIF document.
- You will probably want to apply an FM paragraph style to them.
-
- 10. Write the MIF file out as a Normal FM file.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 10 How do I display white text on a black background?
- (and other X Window System specific information)
-
- --------
- A. White Text on Black Background
-
- Set up the following in your .Xdefaults file:
- (Works for FM3.0 and FM3.1 on X.)
-
- Maker.colorDocs: False
- Maker*docBackground: black
- Maker*winRect.foreground: white
-
- To set the menus, dialogs, borders, etc. to white-on-black, try:
- Maker*background: black
- Maker*foreground: white
-
- --------
- B. Other X Resources
-
- Look in the various files in $FMHOME/.fminit2.0/xresources .
-
- --------
- C. Keyboard Mappings
-
- Refer to $FMHOME/.fminit2.0/kbmaps/README.kbmap for lots of info on
- keyboard mapping, and pointer to the various files used for mapping.
- (NeXT: /LocalAppls/FrameMaker.app/fminit2.0/......)
-
- Print out: $FMHOME/.fminit2.0.ps/docs/QuickRef.doc
-
- --------
- D. How come I can't type in any dialogs?
-
- Try setting the following attributes:
- Maker*focusOnMouse: True
- OpenWindows.FoucsLenience: True
-
- Also, consult the Release Notes, particularly the section about
- configuring FM for different window managers.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 11 Is there any easy way to move one or more pages to a different
- place in the document? (Two layout models.)
-
- FM supports two basic layout models; let's call them "newspaper" and
- "term paper". In the term paper model, there's basically one story
- that flows from one page to the next; the pages themselves can be
- thought of as transient, existing only to divide up the flow. In the
- newspaper model, the pages exist independently of the stories, and you
- place the stories by reshaping the text columns and linking a column
- on page 1 to a column on another page. The newspaper model is also
- used for producing "forms". Overhead transparencies can be done with
- either model.
-
- In the newspaper model, you probably start out by using Page->Add Page
- to create the proper number of pages, then placing stories in the
- columns, and linking those columns to additional ones on later pages
- as necessary. Pages are not automatically generated when text flows
- out of a column (Autoconnect is off). There's no "easy" way to
- rearrange pages, but this model doesn't often require it.
-
- In the term paper model, you start with one page, and let a
- lengthening story automatically generate additional pages (Autoconnect
- is on). If style dictates that page break is required, you simply tag
- the next paragraph as "Start at Top"; this is probably built into the
- cataloged tag. In this model, you don't move "pages" around, you move
- bunches of sentences around (using Cut and Paste), and the pages
- adjust themselves automatically.
-
- Note that in the term paper model you DON'T want to use "Add Page" and
- you DO want to place any graphics in a anchored frame or table, so
- they'll move with the text, not stick to the page.
-
- Things can get complicated when you want an exception page in the
- middle of a term paper, such as a rotated page for a landscape
- formatted graphic.
-
- Additional points:
-
- - There is NO way to cut/copy and then paste a master page as a unit.
- - There is NO way to cut/copy and then paste a reference page as a unit.
- You can only add a new (empty) master/reference page,
- and then copy and paste objects from the source page.
-
- - There is NO way to add a new page (Page:Add Page) and simultaneously
- specify a desired master page.
- An added page ALWAYS gets master page "Right" (or "Left" in a
- 2-sided document as appropriate). If you want to add a page
- using a different master page you must first add it and then
- apply the master page using Page:Column Layout. If the desired
- master page has a different arrangement of text columns you will
- often end up with "orphan" text columns that you must delete.
-
- (Thanks to ?????? and David Cortesi!)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 12 Do you know what happens if the spell checker finds
- "Interleaf" (a competitor to FrameMaker)?
-
- Yes, we do, but just in case, it gets posted every 3-4 months.
-
- (Thanks to ??????!)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 13 How can I control which master page is used when text flows
- off of the current page?
-
- When you push text out of a column with Autoconnect turned on, how
- does FM choose which master page to use for the new page?
-
- The rule is something like this:
-
- If the number and type (letter tag) of the autoconnect flows on the
- current body page exactly match the autoconnect flows on the Right
- master page, then the Right master page is used.
-
- Otherwise, the master page for the current body page is used.
-
- The Right master page is kind of the default master page. (Unless it
- is a double-sided document, in which case there are Left and Right
- defaults.) For example, if you were typing a memo, you would have (at
- least) two master pages, one called "First" which contained the big
- header, and one called "Right" for all of the continuation pages.
-
- You cannot get FM to automatically go from one non-Right master to
- another. For example, assume that a memo has 3 masters: Fax, First,
- and Right. There is no way to start the document with only the Fax
- page, and have it automatically change to First, and then to Right.
- The solution is to create 3 pages, apply the appropriate masters,
- connect the flows as needed, and make sure that empty pages are not
- deleted (see Format->Document).
-
- Another item to note is that when changing master pages with Page
- Layout, the same "union" rules apply, as done with "Use Formats." For
- example, if the body page currently has one column of flow B, and you
- apply a master page which has one column with flow A, you will wind up
- with two text columns. You can then copy the text from the old column
- to the new column (if appropriate), and then delete the old column.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 14 ! How do I convert a Frame document on the Mac to use it on a
- Sun? (and other platforms)
- Why do my imported images show up as gray rectangles when I
- transfer a file from <platform-A> to <platform-B>?
-
- The document file is the same on every platform that Frame supports,
- so there is no conversion. If you're having trouble, make sure that
- you are transfering in "binary" mode, not text mode, not MacBinary
- mode. If moving to the Mac, you will have to open FM and then open
- the file; double-clicking won't work.
-
- If the two platforms are running different versions (1.3/2.x/3.x) and
- you have to convert to an older version, write the file out in MIF
- format before transferring, and transfer in text mode.
-
- Note that imported graphics may not display or print on the new
- platform; consult FM Reference Manual Appendix on "Using FrameMaker on
- Multiple Platforms." This occurs becuase the graphics are displayed
- using features of the operating system (such as QuickDraw routines on
- the Mac and Postscript on the NeXT) that are not available on every
- platform.
-
- If you "Copy File Into Document" when importing, and set the "Save
- FrameImage with Imported Graphic" attribute (in File:Preferences),
- your graphics will be displayed no matter what platform you're on.
- Although you cannot always import a given graphic format into a given
- platform's FrameMaker, once that graphic is imported with the
- FrameImage, its contents are displayable in any platform's FrameMaker.
- Again, consult the Reference Manual. Note that FrameImages are 72DPI
- bitmaps, so you can display the image, but you won't necessarily like
- what you get if you print it.
-
- (Thanks to ????!)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 15 How do I place an autonumbered figure number in an anchored frame?
- Why doesn't it update properly?
-
- There are three ways to place figure numbers so that they are
- automatically updated. They each have advantages and disadvantages.
- Note that you cannot use a "text line" (the A tool) for the figure
- number, because text lines cannot be autonumbered, since they are not
- real paragraphs in a text column.
-
- --------
- A. In-Frame
-
- The figure number is containd in a text column which is inside the
- anchored frame.
-
- Advantages:
- + Can use "floating" figures, because the title is inside the
- floating frame.
-
- Disadvantages:
- - Text column must be properly placed (see below).
- - Cannot be used if you want other autonumbered text cols in frame.
-
- If you use this method, the text column with the figure number must be
- the first text column in the drawing order. To ensure this, select the
- column and do Graphics->Back.
-
- --------
- B. Out-of-Frame
-
- The figure number is outside the frame, usually in the paragrah that
- contains the anchor.
-
- Advantages:
- + Don't have to worry about text column in frame.
- + Can have an autonumbered text column in frame.
-
- Disadvantages:
- - Cannot use floating figures.
- - Hard to place title below frame. (Is there a work-around?)
-
- --------
- C. Frame in One-cell Table
-
- Now that FM3.0 is here, we can place the frame in a table, and use the
- formating capabilities of tables.
-
- Advantages:
- + Can use all the formatting features of tables:
- Title above or below
- Controlled spacing between title and figure
- Controlled rulling (could use top and bottom rule lines)
- etc.
- + Don't have to worry about placement of text column in frame.
- + Can easily place 2 (or more) figures side-by-side in a column.
- (If using more than one row, use the Table Format:Basic:Numbering
- property to set row-first or column-first numbering.)
- Disadvantages:
- - Yet another layer of nesting (table contains frame which contains
- graphic)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 16 How can I get "Page 3 of 152" in the footer to work for
- a multi-file book?
-
- If you place text such as "Page <Current Page #> of <Page Count>"
- (where <xxx> signifies a variable) in the footer, you will get the
- expected results for a single-file document, but not for a mutli-file
- book. The solution is replace the variable <Page Count> with a
- cross-reference to a paragraph on the last page of the last file in
- the book. The format of the cross-reference should be <$pagenum>.
- Make sure that you perform "File Generate/Update Files" from the book
- before you print, to update all cross-references.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 17 How can I print with the "-h" switch in FM3.0/3.1?
-
- In FM2.1, you could place "ps -h" in the Printer Name box in the Print
- dialog, to get a file printed without a header (Unix or similar
- systems). In FM3.0, the printer script was changed. To restore this
- feature, edit $FMHOME/.fminit2.0.ps/FMlpr, and change occurences of
- "$PRINTER"
- to
- $PRINTER
-
- in the lpr commands. This allows multiple arguements to be passed to
- lpr, instead of passing the entire text to the -d or -P switch.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 18 How do I force a page break?
-
- Ideally, you would have a unique tag that leads off the text on the
- new page (e.g., Head1), and you set this paragraph format to Start:
- Top of Page or Top of Column. However, this is not always
- appropriate. There are two solutions:
-
- A. Create a Paragraph tag called PageBreak, and set its point size to
- 4.0pt (smallest possible), Space Above to 0, and Space Below to 999pt.
- The huge space below forces the next paragraph to the top of the page.
- (Thanks to rgf@concurrent.co.uk!)
-
- B. Create a Paragraph tag called PageBreak, and set its Start to Top
- of Page (or Column). Set the point size to 4.0pt (smallest possible),
- Space Above to 0, and Space Below to 0. Set the leading to the
- negative of the point size and the Space Above of the following
- paragraph. This causes the two paragraphs to overlap.
- (Thanks to Lester C. Smalley!)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 19 How can I specify "DRAFT" in the background when I print?
- (See also question 4.)
-
- Since the "Printer Name" field on the print box is passed to the FMlpr
- script, it's quite possible to add a little code to this script to
- accept arguments and invoke a sed script to insert the extra
- postscript code on the fly. The code is too long to reproduce here,
- but several users have used this idea with varying levels of
- complexity. Currently, the code is not available via ftp, so contact
- one of the authors below, or post a request to the net and some kind
- soul may send it to you.
-
- Pat Alvarado - pa1@teradata.sandiegoca.ncr.com
- Lance Keashly - quintro!glenvcr!lkeashly@lll-winken.llnl.gov
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 20 What exactly is copied during File:Use Formats?
-
- Here is a description of what is copied and what actions occur during
- Use Formats. (This is from the Reference Manual, but I think it
- bears repeating, since it is not in the on-line help.)
-
- P Formats
- P Catalog
- All paragraphs are updated with the new formats
- Footnote properties (where placed, prefix, format, etc.)
- Equation sizes
- Document Properties: Allow Line Breaks After
- Flow Properties: Feather
-
- C Formats
- C Catalog
- All tagged characters are updated with the new formats
-
- Page Layouts
- Master Pages
- Background and Column Layout applied to all body pages
- Change Bar Properties
- Document Properties: First Page Number and Page Number Style
- View Options
-
- Reference Pages
- Reference Pages
- Reference Frames in current doc that are not in source doc are removed!
-
- Variable Definitions
- Variables
-
- Cross Reference Formats
- Cross Reference Formats
- Updates internal cross-references (x-refs)
-
- Table Formats
- Table Format Catalog
- Ruling Style Catalog
- Update all tables
-
- Conditional Text
- Conditional Tags
- Show/Hide Settings
- Use Format Overrides
-
- Note also that if you are going to apply P Formats, than you should
- also apply C Formats. Otherwise, text that is tagged with C formats
- will still be tagged correctly, but will be displayed with the default
- P format.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 21 How can I automatically import a graphic file whose format is
- not recognized by FM, if I know how to do the conversion manually.
-
- Modify in $FMHOME/.fminit2.0 the files suffixlist and MifRead.
- You can add any filters you want as long as they return a file in a
- format directly recognised by frame (mif, rasterfile, xwd...)
-
- Warning: if you translate in xwd or raster, frame will give a .rf
- extension to the resulting file (copied in the calling directory),
- EVEN if such a file already exists....
-
- You can't import, the first time, by copy, only by reference.
-
- (Thanks to Bertrand Decouty!)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 22 How do I incorporate code fragments in a Frame doc?
-
- There is a filter called prog2mif to handle this. It is available with
- the other filters (see question 3).
-
- (Thanks to Janick Bergeron (janick@bcrkd13.bnr.ca)!)
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- 23 + How can I change the page size of an existing document?
-
- Method A
- --------
- To change master page sizes, save the file as a MIF document, and then
- edit the MIF file -- search-and-replace all instances of 8.5" x 11.0"
- with the desired measurements. Look for the attribute "PageSize".
- Save the MIF file, and then open it again in FrameMaker -- you will
- have to use the Page Layout dialog box to reapply Master Page --> Body
- Page formats, although perhaps you could use the Use Formats From
- dialog box, specifying the current document as the template and
- updating only the Page Layout.
-
- Also, after doing this, remember to reformat any tabs at the right end
- of the template's headers/footers.
-
- Thanks to Jonathan B. Horen (horen@rs.com) and Anders Thulin
- (ath@linkoping.trab.se) !
-
- Method B
- --------
- 1. Make a new document of the right size.
- 2. Save this document as a new name.
- 3. Open your old Template.
- 4. Go to the Master Pages of both documents,
- For each master page in the old template:
- - Create or go to that Master Page in the new document,
- - In the New document, Select all on Page and delete,
- - In the Old document, Select all on Page and copy,
- - In the New document, Paste.
- 5. In the New Document, Select Use Formats from the File menu
- and bring over everything EXCEPT the Page Layouts.
-
- Thanks to Alan S. Koch ask@sei.cmu.edu !
-
- A slightly different method is described in Using FrameMaker, Chapter
- 14: Specifying Page Layout, Changing a document's page size.
-
- Thanks to Ari Cohn <acohn@synopsys.com> !
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
-
- Send corrections or new questions WITH ANSWERS to Bob McCormick at
- bobmcc@tcs.com or bobmcc@dwight.tcs.com or uunet!tcs!bobmcc. PLEASE DO
- NOT SEND ME YOUR QUESTIONS!! Post or mail your questions to the
- group, collect the responses, put together a summary answer, and then
- mail it to me for inclusion in FAQ.
- Thanks!
-
- -end of file-
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu comp.infosystems.gopher:1722 news.answers:4756
- Newsgroups: comp.infosystems.gopher,news.answers
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!bloom-beacon!gatech!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!umn.edu!news
- From: gopher@boombox.micro.umn.edu (UofMN Gopher Team)
- Subject: Gopher (comp.infosystems.gopher) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Message-ID: <goher-faq_12-22-92@mudhoney.micro.umn.edu>
- Followup-To: comp.infosystems.gopher
- Summary: Common Questions and Answers about the Internet Gopher, a
- client/server protocol for making a world wide information
- service, with many implementations.
- Sender: news@news2.cis.umn.edu (Usenet News Administration)
- Supersedes: <gopher-faq_12-08-92@mudhoney.micro.umn.edu>
- Nntp-Posting-Host: mudhoney.micro.umn.edu
- Reply-To: gopher@boombox.micro.umn.edu (UofMN Gopher Team)
- Organization: University of Minnesota
- Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 16:31:22 GMT
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Lines: 515
-
- Archive-name: gopher-faq
- Last-modified: 1992/12/08
-
- Common Questions and Answers about the Internet Gopher, a
- client/server protocol for making a world wide information service,
- with many implementations. Posted to comp.infosystems.gopher and
- news.answers every two weeks.
-
- The most recent version of this FAQ can be gotten through gopher, or
- via anonymous ftp:
-
- pit-manager.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/gopher-faq
-
- Those without FTP access should send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
- with "send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources" in the body to find out
- how to do FTP by e-mail.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- List of questions in the Gopher FAQ:
-
- Q0: What is Gopher?
- Q1: Where can I get Gopher software?
- Q2: What do I need to access Gopher?
- Q3: Where are there publicly available logins for Gopher?
- Q4: How can I add to the information in gopher?
- Q5: Who Develops Gopher Software?
- Q6: How can I set up a "CSO" phone book server? Where is the software?
- Q7: Why can't I access the University of Minnesota's UPI news?
- Q9: What are the type characters for the different Gopher Objects?
- Q10: When I do full-text searches I always get every document back, Why?
- Q11: When I try to build the UNIX software I get an error from make:
- "Must be a separator on rules line #. Stop" Why?
- Q12: What is the relationship between Gopher and (WAIS, WWW, ftp)?
- Q13: Are papers or articles describing Gopher available?
- Q14: On a DECstation I get the error message "/etc/svc.conf no such file
- or directory" when running the gopherd server, why?
- Q15: The boolean searching terms don't work for my full-text index, why?
- Q16: When linking the Unix gopher server with WAIS I get undefined
- symbols,
- Q18: Why don't my WAIS indexes work? I never get anything back for searches.
- or Why do I get "Dangling file" error messages in my logfile?
- Q19: My gopher server doesn't work under inetd, why?
- Q20: This is not a bug report, just a curiousity. I managed to install
- Q21: Help! I have PC-NFS and want to use the PC-Gopher client. How?
- Q22: How do I nuke a hung TCP connection? I can't restart my UNIX
- gopher server unless I get rid of it, and I don't want to reboot!
- Q23: Is there somewhere I can retrieve a list of announced gopher
- links? I'd like to keep a local, up-to-date list of available gopher
- holes without requiring our users to gopher to umn just to scan
- GopherSpace.
- Q24: Why doesn't my unix gopher client display ISO-Latin-1 characters
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q0: What is Gopher?
-
- A0: The Internet Gopher client/server provides a distributed
- information delivery system around which a world/campus-wide
- information system (CWIS) can readily be constructed. While
- providing a delivery vehicle for local information, Gopher
- facilitates access to other Gopher and information servers
- throughout the world.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q1: Where can I get Gopher software?
-
- A1: via anonymous ftp to boombox.micro.umn.edu. Look in the directory
- /pub/gopher
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q2: What do I need to access Gopher?
-
- A2: You will need a gopher "client" program that runs on your local PC
- or workstation
-
- There are clients for the following systems. The directory
- following the name is the location of the client on the anonymous
- ftp site boombox.micro.umn.edu (134.84.132.2) in the directory
- /pub/gopher.
-
- Unix Curses & Emacs : /pub/gopher/Unix/gopher1.03.tar.Z
- Xwindows : /pub/gopher/Unix/xgopher1.2.tar.Z
- Macintosh Hypercard : /pub/gopher/Mac_client/
- Macintosh Application : /pub/gopher/Macintosh-TurboGopher
- DOS w/Clarkson Driver : /pub/gopher/PC_client/
- NeXTstep : /pub/gopher/NeXT/
- VM/CMS : /pub/gopher/Rice_CMS/ or /pub/gopher/Vienna_CMS/
- VMS : /pub/gopher/VMS/
- OS/2 2.0 : /pub/gopher/os2/
- MVS/XA : /pub/gopher/mvs/
-
- Many other clients and servers have been developed by others, the
- following is an attempt at a comprehensive list.
-
- A Macintosh Application, "MacGopher".
- ftp.cc.utah.edu:/pub/gopher/Macintosh
-
- Another Macintosh application, "GopherApp".
- ftp.bio.indiana.edu:/util/gopher/gopherapp
-
- A port of the UNIX curses client for DOS with PC/TCP
- oac.hsc.uth.tmc.edu:/public/dos/misc/dosgopher.exe
-
- A port of the UNIX curses client for PC-NFS
- bcm.tmc.edu:/nfs/gopher.exe
-
- A beta version of the PC Gopher client for Novell's LAN Workplace
- for DOS
- lennon.itn.med.umich.edu:/gopher
-
- A Xwindows/DECwindows client
- job.acs.ohio-stat.edu:
-
-
- Most of the above clients can also be fetched via a gopher client
- itself. Put the following on a gopher server:
-
- Type=1
- Host=boombox.micro.umn.edu
- Port=70
- Path=
- Name=Gopher Software Distribution.
-
-
- Or point your gopher client at boombox.micro.umn.edu, port 70 and
- look in the gopher directory.
-
- There are also a number of public telnet login sites available.
- The University of Minnesota operates one on the machine
- "consultant.micro.umn.edu" (134.84.132.4) See Q3 for more
- information about this. It is recommended that you run the client
- software instead of logging into the public telnet login sites. A
- client uses the custom features of the local machine (mouse,
- scroll bars, etc.) A local client is also faster.
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q3: Where are there publicly available logins for Gopher?
-
- A3: Here is a short list, use the site closest to you to minimize
- network lag.
-
- Non-tn3270 Public Logins:
-
- Hostname IP# Login Area
- ------------------------- --------------- ------ -------------
- consultant.micro.umn.edu 134.84.132.4 gopher North America
- gopher.uiuc.edu 128.174.33.160 gopher North America
- panda.uiowa.edu 128.255.40.201 panda North America
- gopher.sunet.se 192.36.125.2 gopher Europe
- info.anu.edu.au 150.203.84.20 info Australia
- gopher.chalmers.se 129.16.221.40 gopher Sweden
- tolten.puc.cl 146.155.1.16 gopher South America
- ecnet.ec 157.100.45.2 gopher Ecuador
-
- tn3270 Public Logins:
-
- Hostname IP# Login Area
- ------------------------- --------------- ------ -------------
- pubinfo.ais.umn.edu 128.101.109.1 -none- North America
-
-
- It is recommended that you run the client software instead of
- logging into the public login sites. A client uses the
- custom features of the local machine (mouse, scroll bars, etc.)
- and is local client is also faster.
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q4: How can I add to the information in gopher?
-
- A4: You can do this by running a gopher server. Servers are available
- for a number of systems. Use anonymous ftp to
- boombox.micro.umn.edu (134.84.132.2) and look in /pub/gopher. The
- following servers are available there:
-
- Unix : /pub/gopher/Unix/gopherxx.tar.Z
- VMS : /pub/gopher/VMS/
- Macintosh : /pub/gopher/Mac_server/
- VM/CMS : /pub/gopher/Rice_CMS/ or /pub/gopher/Vienna_CMS/
- MVS : /pub/gopher/mvs/
- DOS PC : /pub/gopher/PC_server/
-
-
- When you have your server ready you can publish it to the world by
- sending e-mail to the maintainters of the "Other gophers" list:
-
- gopher@boombox.micro.umn.edu
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q5: Who Develops Gopher Software?
-
- A5: Gopher was originally developed in April 1991 by the University
- of Minnesota Microcomputer, Workstation, Networks Center to help
- our campus find answers to their computer questions.
-
- It has since grown into a full-fledged World Wide Information
- System used by a large number of sites in the world.
-
- Many people have contributed to the project, too numerous to
- count.
-
- The people behind the much of the gopher software can be reached
- via e-mail at gopher@boombox.micro.umn.edu, or via paper mail:
-
- Internet Gopher Developers
- 100 Union St. SE #190
- Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
-
- Or via FAX at:
-
- +1 (612) 625-6817
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q6: How can I set up a "CSO" phone book server? Where is the software?
-
- A6: CSO phone book servers are also known as "qi" servers. The
- software implementation can be gotten via anonymous ftp from
- uxc.cso.uiuc.edu (128.174.5.50) as /pub/qi.tar.Z. You may also
- see this referred to as "ph", which is what most of the clients
- are called. A collected set of clients for Macs, PCs, VMS, VM,
- etc, are in the /pub/ph.tar.Z file.
-
- There is also an archive of the mailing list for qi/ph software on
- the same machine. It's in /pub/info-ph.archive. You may join the
- list by sending email to info-ph-request@uxc.cso.uiuc.edu.
-
- This software is supported by Paul Pomes <p-pomes@uiuc.edu>
- Contact him for more information.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q7: Why can't I access the University of Minnesota's UPI news?
-
- A7: The University of Minnesota has a site license for UPI news, we
- are not allowed to distribute it off of our campus. We get our
- UPI news from Clarinet. For more information about getting UPI
- news send mail to info@clarinet.com. For information about
- setting up your own gopher-UPI server search the gopher-news
- archive for UPI.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q9: What are the type characters for the different Gopher Objects?
-
- A9: Normal IDs.
-
- 0 Item is a file
- 1 Item is a directory
- 2 Item is a CSO (qi) phone-book server
- 3 Error
- 4 Item is a BinHexed Macintosh file.
- 5 Item is DOS binary archive of some sort.
- 6 Item is a UNIX uuencoded file.
- 7 Item is an Index-Search server.
- 8 Item points to a text-based telnet session.
- 9 Item is a binary file! Client must read until the connection
- closes. Beware.
- T TN3270 connection.
-
- Experimental IDs.
-
- s Sound type. Data stream is a mulaw sound.
- g GIF type.
- M MIME type. Item contains MIME data.
- h html type.
- I Image type.
- i "inline" text type (used by panda).
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q10: When I do full-text searches I always get every document back, Why?
-
- A10: This is a problem occasionally encountered with Unix full-text
- indexes. It is caused by setting up the link incorrectly to a
- gindexd port.
-
- The Path= field should be *blank* when pointing to a gindexd
- index.
-
- Otherwise the client will send the path to the gindexd daemon,
- which interprets everything as a keyword. This path is
- likely to contain a pathname that is common to all of the indexed
- files. Thus a search generates hits on everything.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q11: When I try to build the UNIX software I get an error from make:
- "Must be a separator on rules line #. Stop" Why?
-
- A11: This is a problem with older makes that don't understand the "include"
- keyword. One easy way to cope with this problem is compiling GNU
- make, which does understand the include keyword.
-
- If this is too difficult, remove the line:
-
- include Makefile.config
-
- from all the Makefiles and paste in a copy of Makefile.config at
- the top of each Makefile.
-
- Or, instead of pasting you can make the client/server by going
- into the appropriate directory and typing:
-
- make -f ../Makefile.config -f Makefile
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q12: What is the relationship between Gopher and (WAIS, WWW, ftp)?
-
- A12: Gopher is intimately intertwined with these two other systems.
- As shipped the Unix gopher server has the capability to:
-
- - Search local WAIS indices.
- - Query remote WAIS servers and funnel the results to gopher
- clients.
- - Query remote ftp sites and funnel the results to gopher
- clients.
- - Be queried by WWW (World Wide Web) clients (either using
- built in gopher querying or using native http querying.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q13: Are papers or articles describing Gopher available?
-
- A13: Gopher has a whole chapter devoted to it in :
-
- _The_Whole_Internet_, Ed Kroll, O'Reilly, 1992 (Editors note:
- ..Great book, go out and buy a bunch!)
-
- Other references include:
-
- _The_Internet_Gopher_, "ConneXions", July 1992, Interop.
-
- _Exploring_Internet_GopherSpace_ "The Internet Society News", v1n2 1992,
-
- (You can subscribe to the Internet Society News by sending e-mail to
- isoc@nri.reston.va.us)
-
- _The_Internet_Gopher_Protocol_, Proceedings of the Twenty-Third
- IETF, CNRI, Section 5.3
-
- _Internet_Gopher_, Proceedings of Canadian Networking '92
-
- _The_Internet_Gopher_, INTERNET: Getting Started, SRI
- International, Section 10.5.5
-
- _Tools_help_Internet_users_discover_on-line_treasures, Computerworld,
- July 20, 1992
-
- _TCP/IP_Network_Administration_, O'Reilly.
-
- Balakrishan, B. (Oct 1992)
- "SPIGopher: Making SPIRES databases accessible through the
- Gopher protocol". SPIRES Fall '92 Workshop, Chapel Hill, North
- Carolina.
-
- Tomer, C. Information Technology Standards for Libraries,
- _Journal of the American Society for Information Science_,
- 43(8):566-570, Sept 1992.
-
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q14: On a DECstation I get the error message "/etc/svc.conf no such file
- or directory" when running the gopherd server, why?
-
- A14: This is caused by the chroot() call in gopherd. It can be easily
- fixed by running gopherd with the -c option.
-
- Alternatively you can copy /etc/svc.conf into a directory named
- "etc" inside the gopher-data directory.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q15: The boolean searching terms don't work for my full-text index, why?
-
- A15: This is probably because the searching is being provided by WAIS.
- WAIS opts to return all documents that contain a search phrase
- within certain limits. WAIS searches do return the documents with
- the highest "score" at the top, those documents will have the
- closest relevance.
-
- Alternatively you could get a booleanized version of wais from
- ftp.bio.indiana.edu.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q16: When linking the Unix gopher server with WAIS I get undefined
- symbols,
- such as:
-
- log_file_name
- logfile
- PrintStatus
- find_value
- Sources
- NumSources
-
- A17: This happens if you make gopherd before linking in the WAIS ir/ui
- directories. The fix is to "make clean" or remove
- gopherd/{waisgopher.o,Waisindex.o} and then remake gopherd. Or
- link the ir/ui directories first.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q18: Why don't my WAIS indexes work? I never get anything back for searches.
- or Why do I get "Dangling file" error messages in my logfile?
-
- A18: The problem could be in the server. The server should be run
- using the -c option if you want WAIS to work. Another solution is to
- patch the WAIS code so that it doesn't check the files on the disk.
- Search the gopher-news archive for "dangling". This will turn up a
- single document with the patch.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q19: My gopher server doesn't work under inetd, why?
-
- A19: It could be that your inetd server only supports a limited amount
- of arguments. For instance, the maximum number of arguments to an
- inetd server is 5. You can get around this by combining arguments: i.e.
-
- gopherd -I -c
-
- becomes:
-
- gopherd -Ic
-
- You may also leave the port specifier off of the command line.
- The gopher server automagically finds out the port it's running on.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q20: This is not a bug report, just a curiousity. I managed to install
- gopher on my PC, more or less by myself, which is a pretty good
- accomplishment, for someone who hasn't installed hardly anything on a
- PC. I then proceeded to load my PC/TCP kernel, ETHDRV, and try to
- start up gopher. It said it couldn't initialize that stack(?). I have
- to load this whenever I use PC/TCP. Incredibly, when I did not load
- ETHDRV, Gopher came up immediately and telneted to our local server.
- How does it know what kernel to load?
-
- A20 Dr. Science says,
-
- The Internet Gopher program is not actually computer program at
- all, but a collection of magical incantations handed down from Dark
- Age conjurors. It works by sending magical "demons" through the air,
- which scour the world for information, and then return to cast
- illusions containing the answer.
-
- When you use the Gopher, your computer isn't actually doing
- anything at all. Instead, these demons have mesmirized you with an
- evil magical spell, which was invoked by the pattern of
- finger-movements peculiar to the typing of the letters G-O-P-H-E-R on
- your keyboard. This spell transmits demonic information directly to
- your brain.
-
- Scientists aren't certain of the long-term effects of demonic
- mesmirization, although former presidents have suffered only minor
- medical side-effects from it. Indeed, since Magic and Science are
- usually opposed to each other, most Scientists are usually
- close-minded about such issues, and will usually respond with some
- vacuous non-answer about "packet drivers", "stacks", and other such
- jargon.
-
- Unlike conventional scientists, Dr. Science is very open-minded and
- is willing to deal with such issues in a frank and honest manner.
- This is why people come to him with questions, and why they've learned
- to rely on and live by his answers.
-
- Dr. Science
- "I'm not a real doctor; I have a Master's Degree.... in SCIENCE!"
-
- :-) :-) :-) :-)
- There's always room for a little humor in a FAQ..
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q21: Help! I have PC-NFS and want to use the PC-Gopher client. How?
-
- A21: Use a piece of software called PKTMUX, available at fine ftp
- sites everywhere. This will let you use any packet driver
- application.
-
- Or, aquire a client that supports PC-NFS. See Q2.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q22: How do I nuke a hung TCP connection? I can't restart my UNIX
- gopher server unless I get rid of it, and I don't want to reboot!
-
- A22:
-
- Here is an example of using dbx to change a socket from CLOSING to
- CLOSED.
-
- # netstat -A|grep CLOSING
- c4bc5100 tcp 0 11 mymachine.gopher 129.89.8.4.70 CLOSING
- # dbx -k /vmunix /dev/mem
- ...
- (dbx) 0xc4bc5100+8/1X -- display contents of PCB+8
- c4bc5108: 00000007
- (dbx) assign 0xc4bc5108=0 -- zero it
- 0
- (dbx) q
-
- After a minute or two, the CLOSED socket should disappear.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q23: Is there somewhere I can retrieve a list of announced gopher
- links? I'd like to keep a local, up-to-date list of available gopher
- holes without requiring our users to gopher to umn just to scan
- GopherSpace.
-
- A23: In the Unix client/server distribution is a perl script called
- "gopherdist". Gopherdist can fetch the contents of any point in
- GopherSpace.
-
- To dump the contents of all the North American links from
- gopher.tc.umn.edu do the following:
-
- % gopherdist gopher.tc.umn.edu 70 "1/Other Gopher and Information
- Servers/North America" > .Links
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
- Q24: Why doesn't my unix gopher client display ISO-Latin-1 characters
- properly? BTW I'm using a Sun workstation..
-
- A24: It is the client's problem, the server is perfectly 8-bit transparent.
- The BSD curses library uses bit 8 in order to remember, whether a
- character has been displayed reverse. So use just /usr/5bin/cc and
- you get the System V curses version which is 8 bit clean.
-
- Note that this may be a problem under other versions of UNIX too...
- --
- | Paul Lindner | lindner@boombox.micro.umn.edu | Slipping into madness
- | | Computer & Information Services | is good for the sake
- | Gophermaster | University of Minnesota | of comparision.
- ///// / / / /////// / / / / / / / / //// / / / / / / / /
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu rec.games.go:5722 news.answers:3963
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!usenet
- From: adrian@u.washington.edu (Adrian Mariano)
- Newsgroups: rec.games.go,news.answers
- Subject: The Game Go -- Frequently Asked Questions
- Supersedes: <go-faq_719643622@athena.mit.edu>
- Followup-To: rec.games.go
- Date: 10 Nov 1992 06:00:43 GMT
- Organization: University of Washington
- Lines: 481
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 14 Dec 1992 06:00:27 GMT
- Message-ID: <go-faq_721375227@athena.mit.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pit-manager.mit.edu
- X-Last-Updated: 1992/10/27
-
- Archive-name: go-faq
-
- rec.games.go
- Frequently Asked Questions
-
- by Adrian Mariano
- adrian@u.washington.edu
-
- Many FAQs, including this one, are available on the archive site
- rtfm.mit.edu in the directory pub/usenet/news.answers. The name
- under which a FAQ is archived appears after the Archive-name
- line at the top of the article. This FAQ is archived as go-faq.
-
- If you do not have ftp, you can request messages from rtfm by using
- the local mail server. Send mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
- containing the line "send usenet/news.answers/go-faq" to get this
- file. Send a message containing "help" to get general information
- about the mail server.
-
- This FAQ is also available on the go archive site: ftp.u.washington.edu
- (128.95.136.1)
-
- You can log into the archive site with the username 'ftp' and any
- password using the 'ftp' command. The files are in various
- subdirectories under public/go. The file public/go/README (posted on
- the first of each month to rec.games.go) contains a description of all
- files. Filenames which appear below are relative to public/go.
-
- If you don't have ftp, send a message to ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
- containing the single line "help" to get information about ftping by
- mail. If you absolutely cannot get the mail server to work, send an
- email request to adrian@u.washington.edu and I will mail you the
- files.
-
- The go archive site is mirrorred on ftp.pasteur.fr in the pub/Go
- directory. The mirror site is maintained by fmc@cnam.cnam.fr.
-
- Questions, comments, and corrections should be sent to
- adrian@u.washington.edu.
-
-
- 0. Table of Contents
- 1. What is go?
- 2. What are the differences between different rules?
- 3. How does the ranking system work?
- 4. What public domain programs can I get to play go?
- 5. What commercial programs can I get to play go?
- 6. How strong are the commercial programs?
- 7. What computer go tournaments exist? What are the prizes?
- 8. What are the different game record formats and how can I display them?
- 9. What programs can I get to display go game records?
- 10. How do I play games by computer?
- 11. Where can I get go equipment, books, etc?
- 12. What are the dimensions of a go board?
- 13. What books should I read?
-
-
-
- 1. What is go?
-
- Go is a two player strategy board game. Players take turns putting
- black and white pieces (called stones) on a board. Stones are placed
- on the intersection of the lines on the board, and can be placed on
- the edge or in the corner. Once played a stone can not be moved, but
- may be captured by the other player. A player can pass at any time.
- Go is generally played on a 19 by 19 board, but smaller boards such as
- 9 by 9 or 13 by 13 are used by beginners or for shorter games.
-
- The object of the game is to surround territory and/or your opponent's
- stones. The game ends when both players pass. Under Japanese rules,
- each intersection surrounded and each prisoner counts as a point. The
- player with the most points wins.
-
- An empty intersection adjacent to a stone (orthogonally) is called a
- liberty. For example, a single stone in the middle of the board has 4
- liberties. Stones that are adjacent form groups. Every group must
- have at least one liberty. When a group's last liberty is filled it
- is captured and removed from the board.
-
- It is illegal to make a move which recreates a preceding board
- position (to prevent loops). The simplest repeating position is
- called a ko.
-
- A brief introduction to the game in Smart-Go format is available on
- the archive site as RULES.SG. Beginners can also get comp/igo.zip
- from the archive site. This is a stripped down version of Many Faces
- of Go for the IBM PC which includes play on the 9 by 9 board and some
- instructional material.
-
-
-
- 2. What are the differences between different rules?
-
- Under Chinese rules, handicap stones are given as free moves whereas
- with Japanese rules they are placed on the star points.
-
- Under Japanese rules, score is calculated by counting points of
- territory and subtracting the number of captured stones. Points in
- seki are not counted. With the Chinese rules, the score is calculated
- by counting both points of territory and the number of stones left on
- the board. The number of captured stones is not counted. Points
- surrounded in seki are counted as territory and points shared in seki
- are counted as 1/2 point for each player. Because the sum of the
- scores is always 361, only one color needs to be counted.
-
-
-
- 3. How does the ranking system work?
-
- The ranks are "kyu" and "dan". Kyu means pupil and dan means master,
- but there is no qualitative difference. The ranks are like positive
- and negative numbers (with no zero). A beginner starts out with a
- high kyu rank (20-30 kyu) and advances to the strongest kyu rank of 1
- kyu. The next rank above 1 kyu is 1 dan (shodan), and the dan ranks
- proceed upward to 7 dan. On the 19x19 board, the number of handicap
- stones is the difference between the ranks. A 3 kyu gives seven
- stones to a 10 kyu. A 2 dan gives 2 stones to a 1 kyu. The
- professional go players have a separate dan scale which goes from 1
- dan to 9 dan. The professional scale has finer gradations than the
- amateur scale: the difference between 9 dan and 1 dan is about 2
- stones.
-
- Statistical analysis of a large number of games (over 2000) by Jos
- Vermaseren suggests that the probability of winning an even game is
- given by:
-
- P(x) = (1/2)*(2/3)^(2*x)
-
- in which x is the positive difference in rank and P(x) is the chance
- that the weaker player wins.
-
- You can determine your strength only by playing aginast others with
- known strength. There are books like "Test Your Rating", but those
- tests are very unreliable.
-
- On a 13x13 board, if the rank difference is "diff", then the following
- table gives the handicap and komi:
-
- diff Handicap Komi diff Handicap Komi diff Handicap Komi
- 0 0 8.5 7 3 5.5 14 5 2.5
- 1 0 5.5 8 3 2.5 15 5 -0.5
- 2 0 2.5 9 3 -0.5 16 6 5.5
- 3 0 -0.5 10 4 5.5 17 6 2.5
- 4 2 5.5 11 4 2.5 18 6 -0.5
- 5 2 2.5 12 4 -0.5 19 6 -3.5
- 6 2 -0.5 13 5 5.5 20 6 -6.5
-
-
-
- 4. What public domain programs can I get to play go?
-
- Very few public domain programs exist. Those that do are extremely
- weak. On the archive site, you will find comp/wally.c, which can be
- compiled anywhere. If you think wally.c is too strong, you can get
- the even weaker gnugo from prep.ai.mit.edu in pub/gnu/gnugo-1.1.tar.Z.
- If you have X11, you can get xgoban from the archive site
- (prog/xgoban-1.0.sh.Z) to act as a graphical interface to either wally
- or gnugo. Macintosh users can try MacGo or Dragon Go (available on
- the archive site). Amiga users can get Amigo (comp/amigo.lzh on the
- archive site). Amigo has been ported to X11 (comp/xamigo.sh.Z). If
- you have access to an HP9000 either 680x0 based or HP-PA risc based,
- you can get Many Faces of Go for X11 from ftp.uu.net in
- games/hp-xgo.shar.Z.
-
-
-
- 5. What commercial programs can I get to play go?
-
- The information in this section may be somewhat out of date. Prices or
- version numbers may be wrong.
-
- The Many Faces of Go, $59.95 (add $2.25 for shipping; in CA add
- sales tax)
- ISBN 0-923891-28-5
- (Version for MSDOS)
- Ishi Press International Ishi Press International
- 76 Bonaventura Drive 20 Bruges Place
- San Jose, CA 95134 London England NW1 OTE
- Tel: (408)944-9900
- FAX: (408)944-9110 071 284 4898
-
- Ishi Press
- 1301-5 Yabata
- Chigasaki-Shi
- Kanagawa-ken 253
- (0467)83-4369
- (0467)83-4710 (fax)
- Japan
-
- Star of Poland, Version 3.1, $110
- OPENetwork
- 215 Berkeley Pl.
- Brooklyn, NY 11217
- (718) 638-2266
-
- Nemesis Version 3 was available for $79 (also $49 for Joseki Tutor and
- $59 for Tactical Wizard -- tsume go analyzer). Current Nemesis is
- version 5. Toyogo is now located in Hawaii. Call 1-800 TOYOGO9 for
- details.
- (versions for Macintosh, PC, and NEC 9801, add $6 for shipping)
-
- Go Intellect 1990 Computer Olympiad 1st place; 1990 International
- Computer Go Congress world championship tied for 1st/2nd place. Go
- Intellect version 2.98 can be ordered directly from the author. An
- reduced cost upgrade from 2.0 to 2.98 is also available (Version for
- macintosh)
- Dr. Ken Chen
- 4407 Oak Lane
- Charlotte, NC 28213
-
- Go Explorer runs on top of Smart Go and is available from Anders
- Kierulf. (For macintosh)
- Anders Kierulf
- Smart Game Board
- P.O. Box 7751
- Menlo Park, CA 94026-7751
-
- The following is taken from an ad in _Go_World, issue 53, Autumn 88:
- Goliath 2, Dfl 99.- (Add 10% for surface, 20% for air shipment)
- Intl. M.O. or cheque or remit to the following account:
- N.M.B. Bank Amsterdam 69.17.05.070
- (Version for Atari ST, monochrome, and MSDOS)
- Divo Publishing
- M. Gijzenburg 14
- 2907 HG Capelle a/d IJssel
- The Netherlands
-
- Many Faces of Go, Nemesis, and Contender (Mac) are available from Ishi
- Press.
- Ishi Press International Ishi Press International
- 76 Bonaventura Drive 20 Bruges Place
- San Jose, CA 95134 London England NW1 OTE
- Tel: (408)944-9900
- FAX: (408)944-9110 071 284 4898
-
-
-
- 6. How strong are the commercial programs?
-
- It's difficult to rank the programs because they are all very
- inconsistent in their play. They may play a sequence of moves that
- look dan level, or solve a dan level problem during play, but then a
- few moves later they will make a move that a 20 kyu would never make.
- Since none of the current programs can learn from their own mistakes,
- when the same situation comes up they will make the same bad move
- again.
-
- The top program in the world (Goliath) claims to be around 8 or 10
- Kyu. Many Faces of Go and Nemesis claim to be 13 Kyu. Poka claims to
- be about 17 Kyu, and Dragon Go is about 17 kyu as well. These claims
- are generally based on games that are the first game the human has
- played against a computer. Nemesis has played in AGA rated
- tournaments for its rating.
-
- David Fotland (Author of Many Faces of Go) says, "I know someone who
- was having trouble beating Many Faces at 13 stones until I suggested
- he could beat it at 29 stones. He spent a few weeks trying odd moves
- and found some weaknesses, and now he has no trouble beating it at 29
- stones. Each of the programs has different weaknesses, but they all
- tend to collapse tactically in a complicated position, so if attach
- and crosscut a lot you can usually win big."
-
- Results of 1991 North American Computer Go Tournament
-
- 1st: Many Faces of Go, By David Fotland 2nd: Go Intellect, by Ken Chen
- 3rd: Stone, by Kao 4th: Contender, by Lynn Beus and Jim Logan 5th:
- Nemesis, by Bruce Wilcox 6th: Swiss Explorer, by Martin Mueller and
- Anders Kierulf
-
- Swiss Explorer forfeited two games, to Many faces and Nemesis, because
- it was late and missed two rounds. Swiss explorer lost to Contender
- due to an unrecoverable crash, but Contender was ahead at the time.
- Nemesis lost two games, to Contender and Stone, due to unrecoverable
- crashes. The game between Many Faces and Go Intellect was exciting -
- both programs killed large enemy groups, and the score swung over 100
- points each way in the middle game, then the programs left a very
- large ko on the board until the last dame was filled. Many Faces beat
- Stone by about 20 points and Nemesis and Contender by about 140 points
- each.
-
-
- Results from the 1991 World computer Go Congress:
-
- Main Computer Tournament:
-
- Place Program Author Country
- Wins
- 1 6 Goliath Mark Boon Netherlands
- 2 5 Go Intellect Ken Chen USA (lost to Goliath)
- 3 4 Dragon Tung-Yueh Liu Taiwan
- 4 4 Weiki III Sanechika Japan
- 5 4 Star of Poland Kraszek Poland
- 6 3 Handtalk ZhiXing Cheng China
- 7 3 Stone Kuo-Yuan Kao Taiwan
- 8 3 Modgo Knoepfle Germany
- 9 3 Mac Won-Ho Jee Korea
- 10 3 Many Faces David Fotland USA
- 11 2 Nemesis Bruce Wilcox USA
- 12 2 Hirartsuka Shigyou Japan
- 13 1 Explorer Martin Muller Switzerland
- 14 1 Daihoninbo Yoshikawa Japan (Win was due to a bye)
- 15 0 Go Yuzhi Yang China (crashed every round)
-
- "Best Design" prize for the program with the overall best combination
- of ease of use, features, look, and playing strength, went to Many
- Faces of Go.
-
- Goliath went on to challange the 3 human players (young 5 dans), at a
- 16 play handicap and won all 3 games. It challenged at the next level
- (14 play handicap), and lost all three games. Next year the human
- challenge will be at a 14 play handicap.
-
-
-
- 7. What computer go tournaments exist? What are the prizes?
-
- There is a North American Championship every year at the Go Congress
- the first week of August. Plaques and the title of North American
- Computer Go Champion are the prizes. There is a similar competition
- at the European Go Congress. There is a Computer Games Olympiad every
- year in London in the summer that includes Computer Go. The Usenix
- conference used have a computer go competition every year, and may
- still - no prizes.
-
- The big money is in the World Computer Go Congress, sponsored by Ing
- Chang Chi and Acer in Taiwan. They have a preliminary competition
- every August (formerly held in Europe, USA, and Japan, but now held in
- Taipei with programs that are mailed in by their authors). If you do
- well in the preliminary (defined as beating two of 3 benchmark
- programs - this year the benchmarks were Stone, Friday, and Goliath)
- you will be reimbursed for 1/2 of your air fare to the Congress. The
- congress is held on November 11 and 12 in various places. In 1990 it
- was in Beijing. In 1991 it was in in Singapore. First prize for the
- best computer program is about $8,000. Second is about $1,000 and 3rd
- is about $500. The winning computer program plays a 3 game series
- against the Taiwan youth champion (usually a 12 year old 5 Dan) and
- gets another $8000 if it wins. This prize went unclaimed for five
- years, but in 1991 Goliath beat all three human challengers, so the
- handicap has been decreased to 14 moves. The top prize if for winning
- a 7 game series against a professional (of unspecified rank) is about
- $1.6 Million. The contest only runs through the year 2000 so the top
- prize will go unclaimed.
-
-
-
- 8. What are the different game record formats and how can I display them?
-
- There are several different formats for game records. The two most
- popular formats are Smart-Go and Ishi "Standard" Format. Definitions
- for these two formats are on the archive site in prog/mgt22.sh.Z and
- prog/standard.sh.Z respectively.
-
- The Smart-Go format can be read by mgt, Pon Nuki, xgoban and the Smart
- Go program. Ishi Format can be read by Many Faces of Go, Goscribe,
- Goview, Contender, Smart Go Board (version 4.0 or later), and Nemesis
- (version 5 and above). Ishi publishes games regularly in Ishi format.
-
- The Liberty format is a binary format which is not common. Many of
- the files on the archive site are presently in this format. They can
- be converted to other formats with prog/convert.tar.Z.
-
-
-
- 9. What programs can I get to display go game records?
-
- The program mgt will display game records under Unix or MSDOS. It
- does not use graphics, however. An X11 version of mgt is under
- development, but has not been released yet. The mgt program was
- created originally by Greg Hale at the request of rec.games.go readers
- who wanted an interactive program that would read a series of tutorial
- files posted to the net. The program was expanded by Adrian Mariano
- to edit and save game records. The purpose of mgt is to display and
- edit game records in Smart-Go format. It can be used to display a
- game board. Pieces can be placed and removed, and games can be
- scored.
-
- The program xgoban by Antoine Dumesnil de Maricourt (dumesnil@etca.fr)
- can display and edit Smart-Go under X11. It can also communicate with
- wally to provide a graphical interface to this program.
-
- The program Pon Nuki for the Mac is being developed by Greg Anderson
- (greggor@apple.com). He is willing to send individuals beta test
- copies. Pon Nuki can display either Ishi or Smart-Go format.
-
- Many Faces of Go can display only Ishi format.
-
- The Smart-Go program itself is available for the Mac. Also, Goscribe
- for MSDOS is available through Ishi press (address above) for $59.95.
- It can display and edit Ishi format. Goview, able to display but not
- edit, is available for MSDOS for $20. Goview is free with a
- subscription to Go World on disk.
-
- Smart Go Board, version 4.0.2, $40
- (version for Macintosh)
- Anders Kierulf
- Smart Game Board
- P.O. Box 7751
- Menlo Park, CA 94026-7751
-
-
-
- 10. How do I play games by computer?
-
- Since computers make poor opponents, we use them to connect us to
- other humans. There are two types of computer games: email, and
- interactive. Email games can be handled manually, by creating a board
- in an editor, or only exchanging move coordinates. The other option
- is the use the unix program 'mailgo' which is included with mgt. It
- sends Smart-Go records of your game back and forth, and invokes mgt
- for moves.
-
- There are several ways to play interactive games. Probably the most
- popular is the Internet Go Server (IGS). You can connect to the
- server and look for opponents to play, or just watch a game. To
- connect directly, type "telnet icsib18.icsi.berkeley.edu 6969" on a
- unix machine. The IP number is 128.32.201.46. A brief, outdated
- introduction to the go server is available for ftp on
- unmvax.cs.unm.edu in pub/go. The internet go server is also run on
- cnam.cnam.fr, but this sites do not appear to be used much. When you
- connect to the IGS, be SURE to use the port number 6969.
-
- The IGS interface is quite awkward, so five client programs are
- available to ease your interaction with the server. They are
- prog/igc050.sh.Z, an ascii client for unix, prog/xigs_v1.0.sh.Z and
- prog/xgospel.sh.Z, X11 clients for unix, prog/gs039.sit.hqx, a
- Macintosh client, and prog/pcig42z.exe, an IBM PC client. All four
- programs are available on ftp.u.washington.edu.
-
- Another interactive options is the internet go program, available on
- the archive site as prog/inetgo72.sh.Z, which allows BSD Unix users to
- play interactive games with ascii text screens. The xgosh program
- (prog/xgosh17.sh.Z on the archive site) allows people with X-Windows
- to play interactive games with a graphical board. The two interactive
- programs are NOT compatible.
-
- To help find suitable opponents, check out the go players email
- address list, available on the archive site as go-players, and also
- posted monthly with this FAQ.
-
- There is a standard go modem protocol which is used by go programs for
- modem play. It is implemented in Many Faces of Go, Nemesis, and
- Telego (a shareware go modem program for the IBM PC). The protocol
- spec and sample code are available from the archive site as
- info/protocol.Z.
-
- Fotland's program, Many Faces of Go for X Windows on HP machines
- supports two players on two screens.
-
-
-
- 11. Where can I get go equipment, books, etc?
-
- Ishi Press International Ishi Press International
- 76 Bonaventura Drive 20 Bruges Place
- San Jose, CA 95134 London England NW1 OTE
- Tel: (408)944-9900
- FAX: (408)944-9110 071 284 4898
-
- Ishi Press
- 1301-5 Yabata
- Chigasaki-Shi
- Kanagawa-ken 253
- (0467)83-4369
- (0467)83-4710 (fax)
- Japan
-
-
-
- 12. What are the dimensions of a go board?
-
- The official size according to Nihon Ki-in is 45.45 x 42.42 (cm).
- Measurements of an Ishi board indicate that the lines are 0.8 mm
- thick and the hoshi points are 3 mm in diameter.
-
- Stones are supposed to be 20-21 mm in diameter.
-
-
-
- 13. What books should I read?
-
- A list of books is on the archive site: info/books.Z
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu comp.groupware:1588 news.answers:4611
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!usenet
- From: david@ruc.dk (David Stodolsky)
- Newsgroups: comp.groupware,news.answers
- Subject: Introduction to comp.groupware (Periodic informational Posting)
- Supersedes: <groupware-intro_723276131@athena.mit.edu>
- Followup-To: comp.groupware
- Date: 15 Dec 1992 18:59:52 GMT
- Organization: Roskilde University
- Lines: 321
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Distribution: world
- Expires: 12 Jan 1993 18:59:02 GMT
- Message-ID: <groupware-intro_724445942@athena.mit.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pit-manager.mit.edu
- Summary: Guidelines for posting to the Usenet newsgroup comp.groupware.
- Keywords: CSCW, orgware, group, interactive, shared, environments
- X-Last-Updated: 1992/10/06
-
- Archive-name: groupware-intro
- Last-modified: 1992/10/6
- Version: 1.2
-
- Please read carefully:
- Any article posted to comp.groupware uses a minimum of ten hours of
- readers' time. Do not post test messages to comp.groupware (see section
- 5 below).
-
- This article is posted automatically every 14 days to introduce the
- group to the more than one thousand new readers that have subscribed
- during that period.
-
- ---------------- Contents (and revision information) ------------
-
- Sections in this article (Revised in last modification)
-
- 0. Groupware is software and hardware for shared interactive
- environments. (Revised ordering of paragraphs)
- 1. Set your distribution to "world".
- 2. Sign your article.
- 3. Comp.groupware is being archived. (Revised)
- 4. If you are posting copyrighted work...
- 5. Authors should refer to "Guidelines for posting on Usenet"...
- (Revised)
- 6. When you reply to a message, do not change the subject line...
- 7. Comp.groupware is read by over 47,000 people.
-
- ------------ End of Contents (and revision information) ----------
-
-
- 0. Groupware is software and hardware for shared interactive
- environments.
-
- The term "environment" includes software and hardware that sets the
- context for interaction. Hardware can include specially designed
- furnishings and architectural spaces that are considered integral to
- correct utilization of a given software application. A groupware
- application may require a specific organizational environment to
- function as expected. More powerful applications can adapt to, or
- overcome limitations of, their environments.
-
- The term "interactive" is used to indicate that time constraints are
- managed by the system. Many groupware applications appear to support
- real-time interaction. Others merely enforce deadlines that can span
- weeks. In either case, the technical limitations on the pace of
- interaction are made (to appear) negligible in terms of the objectives
- of the application. Systems that exclude reference to real time are not
- groupware applications.
-
- The term "shared" indicates that two or more participants interact with
- one another in such a manner that each person influences and is
- influenced by each other person. No upper limit in the number of
- participants is indicated, because mediated groups, as opposed to
- natural ones, can maintain joint awareness with very large numbers of
- persons. (Joint awareness is one way that "group" is defined.) An
- objective of some groupware applications is to increase the number of
- persons that can interact "as a group".
-
- Some definitions of groupware include the notion of a common goal. While
- all systems require some agreement among participants (at minimum that
- they should be jointly used), interactions can be predominately
- conflictual. Management of conflict is often a crucial feature of a
- groupware system. Vote collecting systems are an example.
-
- Definitions:
-
- Group - Two or more persons who are interacting
- with one another in such a manner that each person
- influences and is influenced by each other person
- (Shaw, M. E. _Group dynamics: The psychology of
- small group behaviour_. 1976, p. 11).
-
- Ware - 1 a) manufactured articles, products of art
- or craft.... b) an article of merchandise.... 3) an
- intangible item (as a service) that is a marketable
- commodity. (_Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary_,
- 1976, p. 1319).
-
-
- 1. Set your distribution to "world". Comp.groupware is delivered to all
- continents. Do not limit your chances for feedback by restricting
- distribution. Restricted distribution can cause confusion when people
- read responses to articles they have not seen. If you notice an article
- has a restricted distribution, inform the poster by mail.
-
- If you are restricted from posting to "world" by your administrator,
- request a change in your privileges, at least for this newsgroup. If
- refused, determine what your rights are in terms of appeal, based upon
- information available at your site. An alternative is to use the Net to
- find information and persons to contact concerning your rights.
- Try the newsgroups:
-
- comp.org.eff.news
- comp.org.eff.talk
- misc.legal.computing
- alt.society.civil-liberty
- alt.comp.acad-freedom.news
- alt.society.cu-digest
-
- A frequently asked questions file can be retrieved by sending email to:
- archive-server@eff.org,
- include the line "send caf-faq netnews.writing".
- Information about the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) can be
- requested from eff@eff.org. You can also retrieve information about EFF
- and its projects via anonymous FTP from ftp.eff.org.
-
- As a final resort, send a summary of your case to:
-
- Carl Kadie (kadie@eff.org)
- Electronic Frontier Foundation
- 155 Second Street
- Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
- Tel.: +1 (617) 864-0665
- Fax: +1 (617) 864-0866.
-
- If you can send email off-site, you can post using a Usenet-news mail
- server. Email to "comp-groupware@ucbvax.berkeley.edu" is posted with the
- subject line of your letter becoming the subject line of the article.
- (Note: "." in the newsgroup name is written as "-".) This allows you to
- post to a newsgroup even if you have read-only access to Network News.
-
-
- 2. Sign your article. Each name should have one and only one user. If
- the article is a joint product, indicate this at the beginning and end
- of the article. Some news reading programs allow certain names to be to
- be automatically selected. Help the reader by using the same name at all
- times. This will improve the chances that people will read your
- articles.
-
- The signature should include complete name, address, and telephone
- number (this allows quick verification in case forgery is suspected).
- E-mail addresses ought to be included in the signature in case headers
- get munged. Another nice feature is geographical coordinates, so the
- time zone can be determined (useful in telephoning). The signature
- should be limited to four lines as is suggested practice on Usenet.
-
-
- 3. Comp.groupware is being archived. Selected discussions will be
- reprinted in the _Writings on Computer Science_ (_Datalogiske Skrifter_)
- working paper series available from the Institute of Geography,
- Socio-economic Analysis, and Computer Science, Roskilde University, Post
- Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark (ISSN 0109-9779-xx). Material
- appearing in the series can be published elsewhere.
-
- Authors will not be contacted individually before publication, but the
- draft will be posted to comp.groupware for comment and correction before
- being sent to the printer. All articles will be reproduced exactly as
- posted (headers may be included, and parts (e.g., data sets) may be
- moved to appendices and other changes making the articles more suitable
- for printing may be made).
-
- tvv@ncsc.org (Terry Myerson) began archiving comp.groupware 92.10.6.
- The archive is available by anonymous ftp from:
- avs.ncsc.org ( 128.109.178.23 )
-
- in the directory:
- ~ftp/newsgroups/comp.groupware
-
- The archives are in mail folders named MONTH_YEAR.
- For example, to peruse all of the postings in the month of
- October, you could download the archive Oct_92, and execute
-
- % Mail -f Oct_92
-
- Articles from comp.groupware are also available by anonymous FTP from:
- gorm.ruc.dk
-
- in the directory:
- ~groupware/art/comp/groupware/
-
- Login as "anonymous" and give your user name as your password.
- Those without FTP access should send e-mail to:
- mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
-
- with "send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources" in the body to find out
- how to do FTP by e-mail.
-
-
- 4. If you are posting copyrighted work, indicate at the beginning of the
- article whether permission has been obtained. If you do not want an
- article reproduced, indicate this (e.g., Copyright - Net distribution
- only).
-
-
- 5. Authors should refer to "Guidelines for posting on Usenet" in the
- newsgroup "news.announce.newusers" to make sure they know to spell check
- their articles, etc. "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions",
- "Introduction to news.announce", "Hints on writing style for Usenet"
- available in the same newsgroup also contain information for new users.
-
- Do not post test messages to comp.groupware. There are special groups
- for testing. And tests should be as limited in their distribution as
- possible. This is basic information from "Guidelines for posting on
- Usenet". Posting of test messages inappropriately is considered abusive
- and will cause a loss of readership for your articles.
-
- Always use your Subject line to state the *topic* of your article as
- completely as possible (e.g., "Macintosh II voice-mail based real-time
- meeting software ready.", rather than "Meeting software"). Summary lines
- should indicate *what* your message says about the topic (e.g., "New
- meeting coordination software available via anonymous FTP"). Statements
- should always end with periods, questions with question marks
- (typically), and high energy, high impact declarations with exclamation
- points. These rules makes articles much easier for recipients to handle
- appropriately.
-
- If you ask a question, your subject line should include "question",
- "query", "(Q)" or should end with a "?". Questions should clearly
- explain your problem and surrounding issues. Otherwise, you will simply
- waste the time of those who want to help you. Tell people the kind of
- work you are doing or contemplating doing. This helps them provide the
- information you need. Indicate what efforts, if any, you have made thus
- far, and what information was found.
-
- Subject, Summary, and Keyword headers are scanned by many news reading
- programs, thus permitting readers to find your article easily. You will
- have your articles read more often if you select these carefully.
-
-
- 6. When you reply to a message, do not change the subject line or
- redirect follow-ups (unless you are changing the subject). Such changes
- make it harder for some news readers to follow the threads in a
- discussion. Include a "Summary" line which indicates specifically what
- your message says. This permits your article to be found even if it is a
- follow-up to an article with poorly chosen subject and keyword
- information.
-
- Please, do not post responses to articles you feel are inappropriate or
- abusive. (If you can not resist, consider alt.flame as an alternative
- newsgroup for your article [it has greater readership than
- comp.groupware]). If the author is not saying anything worth reading,
- enter the name in your "kill" file, and then no more of your time will
- be wasted by that person. If you feel that the author is saying
- something worth reading, but in an inappropriate way, respond by mail.
- Tell the author what you think is incorrect about the article. If
- possible, suggest how to accomplish the objective in an appropriate way
- (e. g., post to another newsgroup). If you have responded to a person by
- mail a few times without the desired effect, and you feel that the group
- as a whole could benefit by a solution to the problem, only then should
- you post an article. The nature of your article should be a suggestion,
- if possible, of how such problems can be avoided in the future.
-
-
- 7. Comp.groupware is read by over 47,000 people. Consider the cost to
- readers of any post. If even an obviously inappropriate article is
- distributed, one that just takes readers a few seconds to scan, and then
- skip or kill, the total time used is still large. With 36,000 readers, a
- post that takes an average of 1 second for each reader to deal with (i.
- e., examining the subject line) means a total of ten hours used (36,000
- seconds / 3,600 seconds/hour = 10 hours). If the article uses up an
- average of four seconds, then the total time expenditure is 40 hours,
- the equivalent of a work week. This is probably the minimum time
- expenditure on any article that is even selected for scanning. So, if
- you spend a week preparing an article and then post it to
- comp.groupware, there will be a balance between your time investment and
- that used by readers, even if they only scan your article and make no
- response. The lack of a separate feedback channel is an unfortunate
- deficiency in the Network News system as it is currently structured.
-
- This analysis should not discourage anyone from posting a simple
- question. Some of the most interesting and valuable exchanges in
- comp.groupware have resulted from such questions. However, authors must
- not make such requests unnecessarily. On the other hand, a carefully
- prepared article or a report of an extensive project may not receive any
- comment at all. This could mean that the article is clear and error
- free. It could also mean it was not of sufficient interest to anyone to
- be read in detail. What can be assumed is that it was seriously
- considered. This is a result of the currently low traffic level in
- comp.groupware and high quality of articles posted.
-
- If your email reply to an author fails, try again using information in
- the signature lines. An X.500 directory information server can be
- consulted to find a person's email address. Read the informational
- article, "How to find people's email addresses" (in the newsgroup
- "news.answers"), so you know to contact the postmaster at the site of
- the person you are trying to reach, and so on. Do not post a reply until
- you have tried to reach the author by telephone, facsimile, or paper
- mail. If these fail, ask yourself if getting the reply through is worth
- ten hours of readers' time. If so, post the message. Do not post a
- message asking a person to send you an email address, unless your letter
- must be kept private (If this is true, consider using encryption). If it
- is not of general interest, use only the person's name as the subject
- (e.g., "To: Foo Bar"). If other readers might find it interesting, also
- give full subject information.
-
- Similarly, do not broadcast requests for information you can obtain from
- a known source. Requests such as, "What are the contents of book Foo
- published by Bar" are not appropriate. This information can normally be
- obtained by a short telephone call and a few minutes of work by someone
- being paid to provide that service. Let's not deprive someone of a job
- and at the same time get comp.groupware readers fired because they are
- wasting all their time reading unnecessary articles :-).
-
- Post long articles as a single unit if they are less than 30,000
- characters. Otherwise, post separate sections as follow-ups to the
- first, breaking at meaningful places. This permits the sections to be
- treated as a single unit, thus minimizing expenditure of attention on
- the article. The cost of transmitting articles is negligible, so long
- posts that take one second to delete "cost" the same as short ones.
-
- Disregarding these considerations or a lack of self discipline in
- following them will result in defensive attention management. That is,
- certain authors will not be read at all by many readers or valuable
- discussions will take place by email instead of being posted. This would
- have the unfortunate effect of fractionating the joint awareness that
- permits the comp.groupware readership to function as a group. Thus, it
- is recommended that authors who prefer entertainment to rigor in their
- news reading, post to other newsgroups.
-
- -------
-
- This article compiled with assistance from numerous readers of
- comp.groupware.
-
- Corrections, comments, and suggestions to:
-
- David S. Stodolsky Messages: + 45 46 75 77 11 x 24 41
- Department of Computer Science Tel: + 45 31 95 92 82
- Bldg. 20.1, Roskilde University Center Internet: david@ruc.dk
- Post Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark Fax: + 45 46 75 42 01
- MZ� I �V���Z� � LZ91���'&�6H �F ��oP�b"��������ːU����"��F��^���&�������
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- F#����Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu rec.radio.amateur.misc:29832 news.answers:4597
- Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc,rec.radio.info,rec.answers,news.answers
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!news.bbn.com!noc.near.net!uunet!europa.asd.contel.com!howland.reston.ans.net!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!news.unomaha.edu!cwis!pschleck
- From: pschleck@cwis.unomaha.edu (Paul W Schleck KD3FU)
- Subject: Index to the rec.radio.amateur.* Supplemental Archives
- Message-ID: <ham-archives-index-1-724420805@unomaha.edu>
- Followup-To: poster
- Summary: This article provides an excellent "read me first" list
- of VERY helpful files for this newsgroup and amateur
- radio in general, available via anonymous FTP from
- ftp.cs.buffalo.edu.
- Keywords: radio, ham, amateur, ftp
- Sender: news@news.unomaha.edu (UNO Network News Server)
- Supersedes: <ham-archives-index-1-721828811@unomaha.edu>
- X-Posting-Frequency: posted on the 15th of each month
- Reply-To: pschleck@unomaha.edu,bowen@cs.buffalo.edu (Archive Coordinators)
- Organization: ACM Student Chapter, University of Nebraska at Omaha
- Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1992 12:02:34 GMT
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: Fri, 29 Jan 1993 06:00:00 GMT
- Lines: 159
-
- Posted-By: auto-faq script
- Archive-name: ham-archives-index
-
- The following is a list of informational files for this newsgroup
- available via anonymous FTP from ftp.cs.buffalo.edu (currently at IP
- number 128.205.32.9).
-
- Questions to bowen@cs.buffalo.edu
-
- 1750m.band - misc info on the 1750m band
- ampr_coordinators - coordinators for packet IP addresses
- antenna_refs - references for articles about antenna designs
- arrl-logo.ps - ARRL logo in PostScript format
- arrl_bib - bibliographies from ARRL literature (ASCII format)
- arrl_digital_minutes - Minutes of the ARRL committee on digital comm.
- arrl_fo_jobs - descriptions of some ARRL Field Organization jobs
- arrl_info_service - announcement of the ARRLs trial information service
- cal_pd_freq - California police frequencies
- callbook.tar.Z - sources for the marvin callsign server v1.3
- canadian.Z - Canadian ham database in FCC format
- carpet.loop.2 - Antenna for apartments and small spaces
- clubcalls.Z - database of US ham clubs
- comb6.zip - HF Propagation Predication program
- docket_91-36 - information regarding the proposed scanner regs
- dxcc-k2di - ARRL DXCC country list
- element_credit - rules about VE credit for earliers exams
- elmers_admin - information about the elmers list (see below)
- elmers_list - list of elmers on the network
- exam_ops - info on exams and exam opportunities
- faq_ham_1 - frequently asked questions about ham radio (pts 1)
- faq_ham_2 - frequently asked questions about ham radio (pts 2)
- faq_ham_3 - frequently asked questions about ham radio (pts 3)
- faq_packet - frequently asked questions about packet radio
- faq_shortwave - frequently asked questions about shortwave
- fft.com - EGA/VGA DOS command for spectral display (QST 1/92)
- ffth.com - Hercules DOS command for spectral display (QST 1/92)
- field_day_92 - field day rules for 1992
- florida_antenna - Florida State antenna law info
- guide2newsgroups - description of USENET newsgroups dedicated to radio
- ham_sat_sum - summary of information needed to get on satellite
- hams_on_usenet - list of ham operators and e-mail addresses on the net
- hamstacks - information about the question pool stacks
- handicap_waiver - info on obtaining a handicapped test waiver
- hf_rigs - QST reviews of available HF rigs
- ht_info - general information about commercial hand helds
- intro_to_swl - info for aspiring short wave listeners
- intro_to_scanners - info for aspiring scanner listeners
- lead_acid_batteries - essay on lead-acid batteries
- license_plates - guide to ham calls on license plates
- logos - PostScript logos for various ham organizations
- mail_order - a database of electronic mail order shops
- manufacturers - names and addresses of ham gear manufacturers
- new_packeteers - helpful essays for new packeteers
- newcomers - tips and hints for those new to amateur radio
- packet_clubs - organizations you can get more packet info from
- packet_gateways - list of gateways from packet to Internet
- packet_misc - miscellaneous packet info
- packet_software - list of packet software versions
- phone_bbs_list - phone BBSs for ham related issues/software
- pio_handbook - ARRL Public Information Officer's Handbook
- pr_docket_92-136 - text of FCC PR Docket 92-136
- qsl_bureau1 - information about the ARRL QSL bureau
- qsl_bureau2 - "what should I do if" list for the QSL bureau
- qst_prodrev - index of ARRL product reviews in QST
- repeater_map_proj - description of Electronic Repeater Mapping Project
- rfi_tips - good posting about RFI
- sol_geo_data - desciption of daily solar geophysical broadcasts
- sol_terra_terms - glossary of solar-terrestrial terms
- sstv_wefax_info - general help for SSTV and WEFAX users
- usenet_purchases - tips on buying and selling via USENET
-
- For readers of this newsgroup both new and experienced, these files are
- a de-facto "Required Reading List" to provide definitive answers and
- pointers to other sources for questions that come up in this forum.
-
- This is also your archive, so any additional articles, guides, or small
- PostScript graphics that you feel would enhance this collection are most
- welcome. Submit to Devon via his E-mail address above.
-
- Additional archives out there that have /pub/ham-radio directories are
- encouraged to "mirror" these files to provide redundant storage for these
- documents. Some of these sites (which may or may not mirror
- ftp.cs.buffalo.edu) include:
-
- ucsd.edu 128.54.16.1 /hamradio
- nic.funet.fi 128.214.6.100 /pub/ham
- csseq.cs.tamu.edu 128.194.2.20 /ham-radio
- suntan.tandem.com 130.252.10.8 /hamradio
- col.hp.com 15.255.240.16 /packet
- talos.cs.buffalo.edu 128.205.32.9 /pub/ham-radio
- hamster.business.uwo.ca 129.100.22.100 /hamster/ham
- /hamster/tcpip
- /hamster/mods
- /hamster/view
- vax.cs.pitt.edu 130.49.2.1 /pub/arrl8
- /pub/ka9q
- /pub/ncpa
- /pub/tnc2
- brolga.cc.uq.oz.au 130.102.128.5 /pub/ka9q
- tomcat.gsfc.nasa.gov 128.183.10.100 /public
- helios.tn.cornell.edu 128.84.241.2 /pub
- wuarchive.wustl.edu 128.252.135.4 /mirrors/msdos/hamradio
- /mirrors/msdos/packet
- /mirrors/msdos/ka9q-tcpip
- /mirrors/cpm/hamradio
- /mirrors/cpm/packet
- /mirrors/misc/hamradio
- /mirrors/misc/packet
- /mirrors/misc/ka9q-tcpip
- gatekeeper.dec.com 16.1.0.2 /pub/net/ka9q
- sun.soe.clarkson.edu 128.153.12.3 /pub/ka9q
- sics.se 192.16.123.90 /archive/packet
- /pub/packet-incoming
- sabrina.dei.unipd.it 147.162.2.106 /pub/hamradio
- uhunix2.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu 128.171.44.7 /incoming/ham-radio
- caticsuf.cati.csufresno.edu 129.8.100.15 /pub/ham-radio
- ftp.waseda.ac.jp 133.9.1.32 /pub/toumon/ham-radio
- garfield.catt.ncsu.edu 152.1.43.23 /pub/hamradio
- plan9.njit.edu 128.235.1.10 /pub/hamradio
- sunee.uwaterloo.ca 129.97.128.196 /pub/radio
- grivel.une.edu.au 129.180.4.7 /pub/ham-radio
- uxc.cso.uiuc.edu 128.174.5.50 /pub/ham-radio
- iraun1.ira.uka.de 129.13.10.90 /pub/ham-radio
- nic.switch.ch 130.59.1.40 /software/hamradio
- /software/mac/ham-radio
- iesd.auc.dk 130.225.48.4 /ham-radio
- akutaktak.andrew.cmu.edu 128.2.35.1 /aw0g (softkiss-mac)
- ?????????? 129.69.162.1 /pub (login as ftp
- pkt cluster,usa callbook)
- gandalf.umcs.maine.edu 130.111.112.21 /pub/ham-radio # ls -l NO !)
- PIT-MANAGER.MIT.EDU 18.172.1.27 /pub/usenet/news.answers
- tamu.edu 128.194.15.32 /pc-sig
-
- Questions about FTP mirroring and access to appropriate software should
- be directed to me, or do an Archie search on the keyword "mirror."
-
- For those without FTP access (and only those without FTP access,
- please), there is an FTP mail server at ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com (IP
- 16.1.0.1). Send the word "HELP" to this address for more information.
-
- Additional documents on Usenet and other newsgroups may be obtained
- from pit-manager.mit.edu (IP 18.172.1.127) via anonymous FTP or via
- mail server (send the word "HELP" to mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu).
-
- The American Radio Relay League has recently made available a
- mail-server to distribute many of their informational documents in
- electronic form. Send E-mail to info@arrl.org with "HELP" in the
- message body for more information.
-
- Thanks to Devon Bowen, KA2NRC, for providing diskspace and maintaining
- these valuable archives, as well as all the authors who wrote and submitted
- the information contained in them.
-
- 73, Paul W. Schleck, KD3FU
-
- pschleck@unomaha.edu
-
- Celebrating 60 years of the Univ. of Maryland ARA - W3EAX (1933-1993)
-
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu rec.sport.hockey:43350 news.answers:4618
- Newsgroups: rec.sport.hockey,news.answers
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!xn.ll.mit.edu!ames!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!usenet.coe.montana.edu!news.u.washington.edu!stein.u.washington.edu!hamlet
- From: hamlet@stein.u.washington.edu (Mitch McGowan)
- Subject: rec.sport.hockey Frequently Asked Questions
- Message-ID: <1992Dec15.185754.14265@u.washington.edu>
- Followup-To: rec.sport.hockey
- Sender: news@u.washington.edu (USENET News System)
- Reply-To: hamlet@u.washington.edu
- Organization: University of Washington
- Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1992 18:57:54 GMT
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: Thu, 31 Dec 1992 04:00:01 GMT
- Lines: 1491
-
- Archive-name: hockey-faq
-
- rec.sport.hockey answers to Frequently Asked Questions and other news:
-
- Contents:
-
- 0. New Info.
- 1. NHL
- 2. NHL Minor Leagues
- 3. College Hockey (North America)
- 4. Other leagues (e.g. Europe, Canada Cup tournament)
- 5. E-mail files
- 6. USENET Hockey Pool
- 7. Up-coming Dates
- 8. Answers to some frequently asked questions
- 9. Miscellaneous
-
- Send comments, suggestions and criticisms regarding this FAQ list via e-
- mail to hamlet@u.washington.edu.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 0. New Info.
-
- This section will describe additions since the last post so that you can
- decide if there is anything worth reading. Paragraphs containing new
- information will be preceded by two asterisks (**).
-
- 1: 800 numbers for Buffalo, Minnesota, Quebec and Tampa Bay listed.
- 2:
- 3:
- 4: New CHL contact; Nagano Committee approves women's hockey for '98
- Olympics.
- 5: New Division III College Hockey mailing list.
- 6:
- 7:
- 8:
- 9:
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 1. NHL - National Hockey League
-
- For detailed information concerning a team (particularly where to get
- tickets and merchandise, where to watch games in town....), send e-mail to
- the net contact(s) for the team.
-
- First # of Last
- Team Div Season Cups Cup Net Contacts
- --------------------- --- ------ ---- ------ ----------------------
- Boston Bruins A 24-25 5 71-72
- Buffalo Sabres A 70-71 0 - Jeff Horvath
- jhorvath@macc.wisc.edu
- Calgary Flames S 80-81* 1 88-89 CALDWELL8102@mtroyal.ab.ca
- Chicago Blackhawks N 26-27 3 60-61
- Detroit Red Wings N 33-34* 7 54-55 SGLENN@cmsa.gmr.com
- Edmonton Oilers S 79-80* 5 89-90 Andrew Scott
- andrew@idacom.hp.com
- Hartford Whalers A 79-80* 0 - Matthew Olsen
- dmolsen@athena.mit.edu
- Los Angeles Kings S 67-68 0 - Stan Willis
- willis@empire.dnet.hac.com
- Minnesota North Stars N 67-68* 0 - Mitch McGowan
- hamlet@u.washington.edu
- Montreal Canadiens A 17-18 22 85-86
- New Jersey Devils P 82-83* 0 -
- New York Islanders P 72-73 4 82-83 Mark Anania
- ananim@rpi.edu
- New York Rangers P 26-27 3 39-40 Paul Romano
- romano@monolith.bellcore.com
- Ottawa Senators A 92-93 0 - Scott Simpson
- simpson@bnr.ca
- Philadelphia Flyers P 67-68 2 74-75 Pete Clark
- seth@hos1cad.att.com
- Pittsburgh Penguins P 67-68 2 91-92 Lori Iannamico
- lli+@cs.cmu.edu
- Thomas Sullivan
- tms@cs.cmu.edu
- Quebec Nordiques A 79-80* 0 -
- St. Louis Blues N 67-68 0 - Joseph Achkar
- jca2@cec1.wustl.edu
- San Jose Sharks S 91-92 0 - Nelson Lu
- claudius@leland.stanford.edu
- Tampa Bay Lightning N 92-93 0 - Tom Wilson
- wilson@eola.cs.ucf.edu
- Toronto Maple Leafs N 26-27* 11 66-67 Darryl Gamble
- darryl@cs.yorku.ca
- Vancouver Canucks S 70-71 0 - Alan Chim
- chim@sfu.ca
- Washington Capitals P 74-75 0 - David Lu
- david@eng.umd.edu
- Winnipeg Jets S 79-80* 0 - umturne4@ccu.umanitoba.ca
-
- A=Adams N=Norris P=Patrick S=Smythe
-
- *Calgary: formerly Atlanta Flames (72/73-79/80)
- Detroit: formerly Detroit Cougars (26/27-29/30) -> Detroit Falcons
- (30/31-32/33)
- Edmonton: formerly Alberta Oilers (WHA) (72/73) -> Edmonton Oilers (WHA)
- (72/73-78/79)
- Hartford: formerly New England Whalers (WHA) (72/73-78/79)
- Minnesota: Cleveland Barons were merged with Minnesota for the 1978/79
- season.
- New Jersey: formerly Kansas City Scouts (74/75-75/76) -> Colorado
- Rockies (76/77-81/82)
- Quebec: formerly Quebec Nordiques (WHA) (72/73-78/79)
- Toronto: formerly Toronto Arenas (17/18-18/19) -> Toronto St. Patricks
- (19/20-25/26)
- Winnipeg: formerly Winnipeg Jets (WHA) (72/73-78/79)
-
- Teams with mailing lists, see section 5 for addresses: Boston, Buffalo,
- Los
- Angeles, Montreal, Pittsburgh, San Jose, Tampa Bay, Vancouver, Washington.
-
- -----
-
- - Schedule
-
- 1992-1993 Schedule for the NHL
-
- December
- Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
- +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
- ! ! ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 !
- ! ! !LA @ Chi!Win @ Cal!Mon @ Bos!NYI @ Buf!Bos @ NJ !
- ! ! !Edm @ SJ !Det @ NYR!Tor @ Chi!StL @ Cal!Chi @ Tor!
- ! ! !Har @ StL! !Min @ Det!NYR @ Was!Det @ TB !
- ! ! !Min @ Ott! !Edm @ Van! !StL @ Edm!
- ! ! !Tor @ NJ ! !Har @ SJ ! !Har @ LA !
- ! ! !Pit @ NYI! !Pit @ LA ! !Min @ Que!
- ! ! ! ! !NJ @ Ott! !Mon @ Win!
- ! ! ! ! !Que @ Phi! !Was @ NYI!
- ! ! ! ! ! ! !Phi @ Ott!
- ! ! ! ! ! ! !Pit @ SJ !
- +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
- ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 !10 !11 !12 !
- !Bos @ Phi!Buf @ Que!Cal @ Edm!Bos @ Buf!Ott @ Bos!Har @ Buf!Bos @ Mon!
- !NJ @ Buf!Edm @ Cal!Chi @ Det!Det @ Tor!NYI @ Chi!Cal @ Tor!Buf @ Har!
- !Mon @ Chi!NYI @ TB !Mon @ LA !Ott @ Har!Edm @ Min!Phi @ Det!Cal @ Ott!
- !Tor @ NYR!Was @ Ott!Win @ Pit!Was @ NJ !Que @ LA !Pit @ NJ !Chi @ Min!
- ! !StL @ Van! !TB @ NYR!StL @ SJ !NYR @ TB !Edm @ TB !
- ! ! ! !SJ @ Van! !Win @ Was!StL @ LA !
- ! ! ! ! ! ! !NJ @ Pit!
- ! ! ! ! ! ! !Win @ NYI!
- ! ! ! ! ! ! !Was @ Phi!
- ! ! ! ! ! ! !Que @ SJ !
- +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
- !13 !14 !15 !16 !17 !18 !19 !
- !Edm @ NYI!Buf @ Bos!Cal @ NYR!Van @ Edm!Win @ Chi!Bos @ Det!Was @ Bos!
- !Mon @ NYR!Cal @ Det!Det @ Ott!Was @ Har!Mon @ Que!LA @ Edm!Buf @ Mon!
- !Que @ Van! !TB @ LA !Que @ Mon!Ott @ NYI!Har @ Was!LA @ Cal!
- ! ! !Tor @ Min!TB @ SJ !NYR @ StL!NJ @ TB !Chi @ Phi!
- ! ! !NJ @ Win! !Pit @ Phi!SJ @ Van!Det @ Min!
- ! ! !NYI @ StL! ! ! !NYR @ Har!
- ! ! !Phi @ Pit! ! ! !NYI @ Pit!
- ! ! ! ! ! ! !Ott @ Tor!
- ! ! ! ! ! ! !Van @ SJ !
- ! ! ! ! ! ! !Win @ StL!
- +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
- !20 !21 !22 !23 !24 !25 !26 !
- !Tor @ Buf!Edm @ Cal!TB @ Bos!Was @ Buf! ! !Bos @ Har!
- !Min @ Chi!Har @ Mon!Tor @ Det!Cal @ Win! ! !StL @ Chi!
- !NYI @ Que!NYR @ NJ !Van @ LA !Chi @ Ott! ! !Det @ Tor!
- !Phi @ TB !Was @ Ott!StL @ Min!SJ @ Edm! ! !LA @ SJ !
- ! !Que @ Pit! !TB @ Har! ! !Win @ Min!
- ! !SJ @ Win! !NYI @ Mon! ! !NYR @ NYI!
- ! ! ! !NJ @ NYR! ! !Ott @ Que!
- ! ! ! !Pit @ Phi! ! !Phi @ Was!
- +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
- !27 !28 !29 !30 !31 ! ! !
- !Bos @ NYR! !Bos @ Win!Phi @ SJ !Bos @ Min! ! !
- !Pit @ Buf! !Chi @ Det! !NYR @ Buf! ! !
- !Cal @ Edm! !Mon @ Edm! !Mon @ Cal! ! !
- !Det @ Chi! !StL @ Har! !TB @ Chi! ! !
- !Har @ NJ ! !Phi @ LA ! !Ott @ Det! ! !
- !Min @ Win! !NJ @ Que! !Edm @ Win! ! !
- !Mon @ Van! !Tor @ NYI! !Que @ Har! ! !
- !Que @ Ott! !NYR @ Was! !LA @ Van! ! !
- !Tor @ StL! !SJ @ Van! !NYI @ StL! ! !
- ! ! ! ! !Tor @ Pit! ! !
- +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
-
- The season will begin on 10/6 and end on 4/15. Playoffs will begin on
- 4/18 and end on or before 6/14. 24 NHL regular season games will be played
- in non-NHL cities during 92-93 season. Cities: Milwaukee (2), Sacramento
- (2), Cleveland (2), Indianapolis, Phoenix, Miami, Oklahoma City, Dallas,
- Atlanta, Cincinnati, Providence, Birmingham, Hamilton (4), Saskatoon (4),
- Halifax.
-
- Here is a chart showing the number of games between the teams (84 games
- each):
-
- N N N P P W B B H M O Q C D M S T T C E L S V W
- J Y Y h i a o u a o t u h e i t B o a d A J a i
- I R i t s s f r n t e i t n L r l m n n
- = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
- NJ : - 7 7 7 9 7 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
- NYI: 7 - 7 9 7 7 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
- NYR: 7 7 - 7 7 9 3 4 3 4 3 4 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
- Phi: 7 9 7 - 7 7 4 3 3 4 3 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
- Pit: 9 7 7 7 - 7 5 4 3 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
- Was: 7 7 9 7 7 - 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
-
- Bos: 4 4 3 4 5 3 - 7 7 9 7 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
- Buf: 4 3 4 3 4 4 7 - 9 7 7 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2
- Har: 4 4 3 3 3 4 7 9 - 7 7 7 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
- Mon: 3 4 4 4 3 3 9 7 7 - 7 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2
- Ott: 4 3 3 3 4 4 7 7 7 7 - 9 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3
- Que: 4 3 4 4 3 3 7 7 7 7 9 - 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
-
- Chi: 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 9 7 7 7 7 3 4 5 3 4 3
- Det: 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 - 7 7 7 7 4 3 4 4 3 3
- Min: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7 7 - 9 7 7 4 4 3 3 5 4
- StL: 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 7 7 9 - 7 7 4 3 3 3 4 4
- TB : 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 7 7 7 7 - 9 3 4 3 4 3 4
- Tor: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 7 7 7 7 9 - 4 3 4 4 3 3
-
- Cal: 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 - 7 7 9 7 7
- Edm: 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 7 - 7 7 7 9
- LA : 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 5 4 3 3 3 4 7 7 - 7 9 7
- SJ : 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 9 7 7 - 7 7
- Van: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 4 3 5 4 3 3 7 7 9 7 - 7
- Win: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 7 9 7 7 7 -
-
- Valerie Hammerl <hammerl@acsu.buffalo.edu> has posted this year's version
- of nhl.c, a schedule program for NHL games. For example, users can find
- out the games played on a certain date or find out the next ten games
- played by team x. A copy can be obtained by e-mailing
- <hammerl@acsu.buffalo.edu>
-
- Following is the neutral site schedule:
-
- Tue 10/13: Calgary vs. Minnesota @ Saskatoon
- Tue 10/20: Ottawa vs. Toronto @ Hamilton
- Tue 11/03: Chicago vs. Washington @ Indianapolis
- Tue 11/17: Toronto vs. Quebec @ Hamilton
- Wed 11/18: Buffalo vs. New Jersey @ Hamilton
- Tue 12/01: Los Angeles vs. Chicago @ Milwaukee
- Tue 12/08: Montreal vs. Los Angeles @ Phoenix
- Wed 12/09: Tampa Bay vs. New York Rangers @ Miami
- Sun 12/13: Edmonton vs. New York Islanders @ Oklahoma City
- Tue 12/15: New York Islanders vs. St. Louis @ Dallas
- Tue 12/29: St. Louis vs. Hartford @ Birmingham *
- Mon 01/04: San Jose vs. Montreal @ Sacramento
- Mon 01/18: Hartford vs. Winnipeg @ Saskatoon
- Mon 02/08: Boston vs. Pittsburgh @ Atlanta
- Tue 02/16: Philadelphia vs. Calgary @ Cincinnati
- Sat 02/20: Quebec vs. Tampa Bay @ Halifax
- Mon 02/22: New York Rangers vs. San Jose @ Sacramento
- Mon 02/22: Detroit vs. Philadelphia @ Cleveland
- Tue 02/23: Winnipeg vs. Ottawa @ Saskatoon
- Mon 03/01: Vancouver vs. Buffalo @ Hamilton
- Thu 03/11: Minnesota vs. Vancouver @ Saskatoon
- Tue 03/16: Washington vs. Detroit @ Milwaukee
- Tue 03/16: New Jersey vs. Boston @ Providence *
- Sun 03/21: Pittsburgh vs. Edmonton @ Cleveland
-
- * Location subject to change
-
- -----
-
- - News & Scores
-
- SPIKE (bryan.k.strouse) <bks@cbnewsh.cb.att.com> posts weekday news and
- box scores (Sunday through Thursday). John P. Curcio
- <jpc@philabs.philips.com> posts weekend news and box scores. Both maintain
- e-mail lists for faster delivery.
- Net contacts post team news as they see/hear/read it.
-
- -----
-
- - Notable team news (transactions and announcements)
-
- Note that this information is culled from press releases and posts. It
- is updated each month and only information currently under discussion or
- of continuing importance or interest will be listed for more than two
- postings.
-
- Boston Bruins
- Bruins right wing Cam Neely, sidelined with a knee injury since
- the middle of last season, will continue his rehabilitation training and
- forego any further surgery for the time being.
-
- Claimed defenseman Dominic Lavoie off waivers from Ottawa.
-
- Buffalo Sabres
- **
- 1-800-333-PUCK (1-800-333-7825)
-
- **
- Called up right wing Scott Thomas from Rochester of American Hockey
- League.
- **
- Assigned defenseman Keith Carney to Rochester of American Hockey League
- **
- Assigned right wing Donald Audette to Rochester for 14-day conditioning
- period.
- **
- Sent defenseman Grant Ledyard to Rochester of American Hockey League for
- four games.
-
- Calgary Flames
-
- Chicago Blackhawks
- Announced resignation of General Manager Mike Keenan and assigned his
- duties to senior vice president Bob Pulford. Three days after being ousted
- as general manager of the Chicago Blackhawks, Mike Keenan called a news
- conference to say he was fired, and did not quit.
-
- The $175 million, privately financed United Center, scheduled to
- open in August 1994, will be home to the NBA's Chicago Bulls and NHL's
- Chicago Blackhawks. The stadium is owned by entities controlled by the two
- teams. The owners apparently still have not made a decision on whether the
- old Chicago Stadium will be razed for parking space once the new facility,
- located directly across the street, opens.
-
- Detroit Red Wings
- **
- Bob Probert, the Detroit Red Wings forward who has served prison
- time for a drug conviction, received clearance to play hockey outside the
- United States. The U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service had barred
- Probert, a Canadian citizen, from leaving the United States since he
- pleaded guilty to importing cocaine in 1989. Had he left the country he
- would not have been allowed to return.
-
- Edmonton Oilers
- **
- The Edmonton Oilers have agreed to trade free agent defenseman
- Kevin Lowe to the New York Rangers, assuming the Rangers can come to terms
- with Lowe on a contract.
- Oilers general manager Glen Sather, who announced the deal
- Saturday, December 5, refused to say what compensation the Rangers would
- give Edmonton until a deal is worked out between New York and Lowe.
- **
- Sent defenseman Kevin Lowe to New York Rangers for a third-round 1993
- draft choice and forward Roman Oksyuta.
-
- Hartford Whalers
- Acquired right wing Jamie Leach off waivers from Pittsburgh.
- Traded center John Cullen to Toronto for 1993 or 1994 second-round draft
- pick.
-
- Los Angeles Kings
- November 23 - Right wing Tomas Sandstrom will be sidelined four to six
- weeks with a broken left forearm. He was slashed by Toronto's Doug Gilmour
- in the second period Saturday night, November 21.
-
- Los Angeles Kings superstar center Wayne Gretzky, recovering from
- a herniated disc, revealed Thursday night, November 19, he hopes to be
- back on skates by March.
- Gretzky, the NHL's all-time leading scorer, has not skated since
- early training camp, when he checked into a Los Angeles-area hospital
- after suffering pain in his back. After undergoing extensive testing,
- Gretzky announced at a news conference just prior to the start of the
- season that he he had suffered a career-threatening herniated thoracic
- disc.
- Although he said he hoped to be back on skates by March, Gretzky
- gave no indication he would be able to return playing this season.
-
- Minnesota North Stars
- **
- 1-800-800-0435 if calling from the U.S.
- 1-800-800-0458 if calling from Canada
-
- The North Stars released center Dan Quinn after learning he will
- not be charged with raping a 19-year-old woman. Bob Gainey, the coach and
- general manager, said Quinn violated team rules and he is free to join
- another club. A Twin Cities woman accused Quinn of repeatedly assaulting
- her in a Bloomington motel room Nov. 10. Quinn said the sex was
- consensual. The county attorney's office said it did not have a strong
- enough case to prosecute.
-
- Many women employees of the Minnesota North Stars say club owner
- Norman Green has created a climate of sexual harassment. The St. Paul
- Pioneer Press reported Sunday that Green has a penchant for kissing female
- employees on the cheek and commenting on their clothes and makeup. Green
- denies any sexual overtones, saying it's his way of bringing a ``family
- atmosphere'' to the team. The 58-year-old Canadian businessman has vowed
- to change his conduct.
-
- Montreal Canadiens
-
- New Jersey Devils
- **
- Called up center Jarrod Skalde and wings Bill Guerin and Scott Pellerin
- from Utica of American Hockey League.
- **
- Sent center Jarrod Skalde to Cincinnati of International Hockey League.
-
- New York Islanders
- **
- Recalled forwards Travis Green, Marty McInnis and Graeme Townshend from
- Capital District of the American Hockey League.
- **
- Recalled goaltender Danny Lorenz from Capital District of the American
- Hockey League.
-
- New York Rangers
- Sent right wing Alexei Kovalev to Binghamton of American Hockey League.
- **
- Acquired defenseman Kevin Lowe from Edmonton for a third-round 1993
- draft choice and forward Roman Oksyuta.
- **
- National Hockey League President Gil Stein announced Thursday,
- December 3, he will review a report on a fight between Bob Probert of the
- Detroit Red Wings and Tie Domi of the New York Rangers during Wednesday
- night's game.
- Domi said last month that he was looking forward to Wednesday
- night's game against Detroit because he was anticipating fighting Probert
- again. Probert, considered the top fighter in the league, and Domi, also a
- brawler, fought during a game last season.
- Probert and Domi began trading punches just 37 seconds into the
- game and went at it for nearly a minute, with Probert landing most of the
- punches. Both players were given five-minute penalties for fighting. The
- Rangers won the game, 5-3.
- Stein had warned Domi after his remarks about fighting Probert
- appeared in the media.
-
- **
- Recalled forwards Alexei Kovalev and Steven King, defenseman Sergei
- Zubov and goaltender Corey Hirsch from Binghmaton of American Hockey
- League.
-
- Ottawa Senators
- The Ottawa Senators have approached retired Islanders superstar Mike
- Bossy to act as their club scoring consultant.
-
- The Ottawa Senators received the go-ahead to build the 18,500-seat
- Palladium on the proposed location in nearby Kanata, Ont. The projected
- cost is C$150 million. Construction will be postponed until the 1995-96
- season, one year behind schedule.
-
- Philadelphia Flyers
- **
- Recalled center Viaacheslav Butsayev from Hershey of American Hockey
- League.
- **
- Acquired left wing Dan Vincelette from Tampa Bay for center Steve
- Kasper.
- **
- Signed right wing Kevin Dineen to multi-year contract.
-
- **
- Toronto police have issued a warrant for the arrest of
- Philadelphia Flyers center Eric Lindros after a woman claimed she was
- assaulted by him in a bar. A 24-year-old woman said Lindros spit beer on
- her and elbowed her on the dance floor of the Kookoo Bananas nightclub in
- Whitby, Ontario, outside Toronto. Police said Lindros was with three other
- men who are also being investigated.
- **
- Eric Lindros turned himself in to police in Pickering, Ontario,
- Saturday, December 5, and was booked on a charge of ``common assault''
- stemming from a bar incident the previous week.
- ``It's a really minor offense -- the lowest on the totem role,''
- said Staff Sgt. Robert Peacock of the Durham Region police, where the 19-
- year-old Lindros was booked and released without bail.
- Peacock said that Lindros was finger-printed, photographed and
- given a Dec. 14 court date.
-
- Spectrum II will open in Philadelphia in 1994. Spectrum II will
- have 109 luxury boxes.
-
- Pittsburgh Penguins
-
- The Pittsburgh Penguins have secured a release from the Skoda
- Plzen Hockey Club of the Czechoslovakian Senior League for center Martin
- Straka, their first-round choice in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. Straka, 20,
- played during the exhibition season for the Penguins, but he was unable to
- play during the regular campaign until his release was obtained.
-
- Quebec Nordiques
- **
- 1-800-463-3333
-
- Quebec have increased season ticket prices by about 15% with a
- promised refund if the team misses the playoffs.
-
- St. Louis Blues
-
- San Jose Sharks
-
- Tampa Bay Lightning
- **
- 1-800-881-2639
- **
- Sent left wing Dan Vincelette to Philadelphia for center Steve Kasper.
- **
- Recalled goaltender Jean-Claude Bergeron from Atlanta of International
- Hockey League.
-
- **
- An assault charge against Phil Esposito, the Tampa Bay Lightning's
- general manager and president, was dropped in Toronto. Toronto Star hockey
- writer Bob McKenzie told the court he was satisfied with an apology he
- received last week from Esposito. McKenzie had said Esposito attacked him
- after an Oct. 15 game.
-
- At least two investor groups are poised to build a sports arena in
- downtown Tampa if the delay-plagued company that holds a lease from the
- Tampa Bay Lightning bows out.
- Tampa Coliseum Inc. has a lease with the National Hockey League
- team to develop an entertainment and sports arena next to Tampa Stadium,
- but has been unable to raise enough money for the project.
- TCI has until Dec. 7 to get its arena money together or pay a
- $500,000 penalty payment to the Lightning. If TCI doesn't make the
- payment, the Lightning would be free to talk to other arena developers.
-
- Toronto Maple Leafs
- Acquired center John Cullen from Hartford for 1993 or 1994 second-round
- draft pick.
-
- Vancouver Canucks
- Received center Anatoli Semenov from Tampa Bay for forward Dave Capuano
- and a 1994 fourth-round draft choice.
-
- Vancouver taxpayers will be assisting on the goal of a new hockey
- arena for the Vancouver Canucks. It will cost about 40-thousand dollars
- for city hall to ``fast track'' the project. The new facility, to be built
- near the B.C. Place Stadium, will be ready for the opening game of the
- 1995-96 season.
-
- Washington Capitals
- Stefan Ustorf, an 18-year-old wing, may join the Washington Capitals
- next spring after the German season.
-
- Winnipeg Jets
- The Winnipeg Jets have won their arbitration case against center Alexei
- Zhamnov, as NHL president Gil Stein ruled that the Russian rookie had
- signed a valid contract.
-
- Winnipeg Jets have been allowed economic assistance in order to
- keep them in the Smythe division as a result of expansion.
-
- -----
-
- - League news:
-
- **
- Gary Bettman, vice president and general counsel of the National
- Basketball Association, was named commissioner of the National Hockey
- League, Friday, December 11, 1992.
- ``The NHL has a great future and I want to be part of building the
- league into the future,'' Bettman said. ``My first priority is a
- collective bargaining agreement and then television exposure.''
- Bettman joined the NBA in 1981 as assistant general counsel. He
- became the league's chief legal officer in September of 1984. A New York
- resident, Bettman graduated from Cornell University in 1974 and from New
- York University School of Law in 1977.
-
- **
- Owners Friday, December 11, 1992, deferred making a decision on
- suspending play next season to allow NHL players to compete in the 1994
- Winter Olympics. They will hold a special meeting in January to decide the
- issue.
-
- **
- The owners announced the 1994 draft will be in Hartford and the
- 1995 draft in Winnipeg. The 1994 draft was scheduled for Boston, but a
- delay in the construction of a new arena required the draft be moved.
-
- **
- The NHL announced Thursday, December 10, 1992, that the league
- will add teams in Orange County, California and South Florida. The Orange
- County franchise was awarded to the Walt Disney Company, while the South
- Florida franchise was awarded to Wayne Huizenga and Blockbuster
- Entertainment Corporation. It is expected that the two teams will play
- their home games in Anaheim and Miami.
- The NHL's two newest franchises are scheduled to begin play next
- season. They will bring the league's number of teams to 26.
- Disney and Blockbuster will pay $50 million each for the new
- franchises. A portion of Disney's franchise fee will go to the Los Angeles
- Kings in exchange for sharing territorial rights in Southern California.
- The South Florida franchise is expected to begin operations in the
- 14,410-seat Miami Arena, which hosted Wednesday's NHL game between the
- Lightning and New York Rangers. A new arena will be built for the team.
- Disney is in discussions with the operators of the Anaheim Arena,
- but final agreements have not yet been reached.
-
- Henri Richard, Bernie Parent and Billy Smith have been named
- special ambassadors for the Stanley Cup Centennial, a season-long
- celebration of the NHL championship trophy. The trio will appear at
- league-wide function such as the All-Star Game and Stanley Cup playoffs.
-
- Those looking to make a quick dollar on counterfeit merchandise
- will now have to contend with CAPS -- Coalition to Advance the Protection
- of Sports logos. Among those in the group are major league baseball, the
- NBA, NFL and NHL. CAPS will work with local, national and international
- law enforcement agencies to prosecute counterfeiters.
-
- NHL President Gil Stein said he received approval from USA Hockey
- for his proposal to field a dream team for the 1994 Olympics. The National
- Hockey League will make a final decision in December on whether to allow
- NHL stars to compete in the 1994 Winter Olympic Games in Lillehammer,
- Norway. An eight-member committee would make a recommendation to the
- board. The board will follow with a vote on whether to allow its star
- players to play in Norway.
- Stein has been an advocate of allowing the NHL's best athletes to
- participate in the 1994 Olympic Games since the start of his interim
- tenure as league president. The Olympic exposure might lead to a national
- network television contract and further international exposure, Stein has
- said.
- The league would have to close down the 1993-94 regular season for
- two or more weeks while the Olympics take place during its season. Members
- of the Board of Governors have expressed concern over that aspect.
- As many as six countries, including the United States and Canada,
- could field teams filled with NHL players if the league decides to allow
- its best to compete in Lillehammer.
-
- The National Hockey League said Friday, October 23, it will appeal
- a Canadian court ruling that awarded over $20 million in surplus pension
- fund money to those who played before 1982.
- On Thursday, October 22, an Ontario court judge decided in favor
- of a group of former NHL players, including Bobby Hull and Gordie Howe,
- who filed suit last year to get the surplus and accompanying interest.
- Justice George Adams ruled, in a 150-page decision, that the
- contract between the NHL and the players called for the players to receive
- all moneys. The ruling also ordered the NHL to use the pension fund
- exclusively for the benefit of those who played before 1982. The NHL had
- funneled money from the players' pension fund and put it into other NHL-
- related projects in the years 1982 and 1985.
-
- Los Angeles Kings owner Bruce McNall succeeded Blackhawks owner
- Bill Wirtz as chairman of the NHL's powerful Board of Governors. Appointed
- to join McNall on the Executive Committee were Ron Corey of the Montreal
- Canadiens, Mike Ilitch of the Detroit Red Wings, Peter Pocklington of the
- Edmonton Oilers and Ed Snider of the Philadelphia Flyers.
-
- The NHL Board of Governors has okayed advertising on the ice
- surface within the neutral zone. If successful, advertising will be
- allowed in the other zones. Sponsors may also appear on uniforms at that
- time.
-
- A federal grand jury in Boston is investigating skimming charges
- against R. Alan Eagleson, the founder and former executive director of the
- National Hockey League Players Association. The Boston Herald said Friday,
- September 25, 1992, the jury is looking into allegations Eagleson skimmed
- profits from international tournaments, including the Canada Cup series.
-
- -----
-
- - NHL TV
-
- Games are carried on TSN and CBC in Canada.
-
- The National Hockey League has struck a conditional five-year deal
- with ESPN to televise professional hockey through the 1996-97 season.
- The series of agreements grants ESPN exclusive national coverage
- of the NHL starting with the 1992-93 season, and the cable network has an
- option to extend the term of that domestic agreement for four more years.
- The deal also grants ESPN exclusive international television distribution,
- excluding Canada, for the next five years.
- The league's new TV contract calls for ESPN to televise up to 25
- regular-season games to its domestic audience this coming season and 37
- playoff games, including the entire Stanley Cup Final. The majority of
- ESPN's regular-season games will be televised on Friday nights.
-
- Stein revealed Thursday, October 22, that the league's new U.S.
- television contract with ESPN calls for the cable sports network to
- broadcast five playoff games this year on a major TV network.
- ``It's pretty much resolved it'll be ABC,'' he said.
-
- The NHL All-Star Game will be telecast on NBC for the fourth
- straight season.
-
- -----
-
- - Award winners, all-star teams, hall of fame inductees, and draft picks
-
- 91-92 Award Winners:
- Hart Trophy (MVP): Mark Messier (NYR)
- Vezina Trophy (best goalie): Patrick Roy (Mon)
- Norris Trophy (best defenseman): Brian Leetch (NYR)
- Calder Trophy (best rookie): Pavel Bure (Van)
- Selke Trophy (best defensive forward): Guy Carbonneau (Mon)
- Lady Byng Trophy (sportsmanship): Wayne Gretzky (LA)
- Jack Adams Award (best coach): Pat Quinn (Van)
- Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy (perseverance): Mark Fitzpatrick (NYI)
- King Clancy Trophy (contribution to community): Ray Bourque (Bos)
- Jennings Trophy (lowest team GAA): Patrick Roy (Mon)
- Art Ross Trophy (most scoring points): Mario Lemieux (Pit)
- Lester Patrick Trophy (service to US hockey): Al Arbour, Art Berglund,
- and Lou Lamoriello
-
- 91-92 1st All-Star Team: Patrick Roy (G, Mon), Ray Bourque (D, Bos),
- Brian Leetch (D, NYR), Mark Messier (C, NYR), Brett Hull (RW, StL), Kevin
- Stevens (LW, Pit)
-
- 91-92 All-rookie team: Gilbert Dionne (LW, Mon), Tony Amonte (RW, NYR),
- Kevin Todd (C, NJ), Vladimir Konstantinov (D, Det), Nicklas Lidstrom (D,
- Det), Dominik Hasek (G, Chi).
-
- 1992 Hall of Fame Inductees: Marcel Dionne, Bob Gainey, Lanny McDonald,
- and Woody Dumart.
-
- First round of the 1992 entry draft:
- # Player (pos, team)
- 1 Roman Hamrlik (D, TB)
- 2 Alexei Yashin (C, Ott)
- 3 Mike Rathje (D, SJ)
- 4 Todd Warriner (LW, Que)
- 5 Darius Kasparaitis (D, NYI)
- 6 Cory Stillman (C, Cal)
- 7 Ryan Sittler (LW, Phi)
- 8 Brandon Convery (C, Tor)
- 9 Robert Petrovicky (C, Har)
- 10 Andrei Nazarov (LW, SJ)
- 11 David Cooper (D, Buf)
- 12 Sergei Krivokrasov (LW, Chi)
- 13 Joe Hulbig (LW, Edm)
- 14 Sergei Gonchar (D, Was)
- 15 Jason Bowen (LW, Phi)
- 16 Dmitri Kvartalnov (LW, Bos)
- 17 Sergei Bautin (D, Win)
- 18 Jason Smith (D, NJ)
- 19 Martin Straka (C, Pit)
- 20 David Wilkie (D, Mon)
- 21 Libor Polasek (C, Van)
- 22 Curtis Bowen (LW, Det)
- 23 Grant Marshall (RW, Tor)
- 24 Peter Ferraro (C, NYR)
-
- -----
-
- - New NHL Rules
-
- Game ejection for instigating a fight.
- Helmets are optional.
- Grabbing an opponent's stick as a defensive move is a penalty.
- Diving to draw a penalty is a penalty.
- Coincidental minors when both teams are full-strength result in 4 vs. 4
- play.
- High sticking is from the waist up.
-
- - New CBA - ratified by NHLPA on 4/11/92
-
- Term: September 16, 1991 to September 15, 1993.
-
- Licensing and endorsements: Players own exclusive rights to their
- individual personality, including their likenesses.
-
- Salary arbitration: New rules negotiated; 8 salary arbitrators to be
- jointly agreed upon.
-
- Free agency: Compensation scale reduced for players age 30 and under.
- Group III free agent age reduced to 30 from 31. A player who has completed
- 10 or more professional seasons (minor or NHL) and who in last year of
- contract didn't earn more than the average NHL salary, can elect once in
- his career to become an unrestricted free agent at the end of his
- contract.
-
- Salary and awards: Players' playoff fund increased to $7.5M in 1991-92 &
- $9M in 92-93. New minimum salary of $100,000.
-
- Insurance: $200,000 disability coverage. Dental & broad-based medical
- improvements. 100% increase in life insurance for players; coverage for
- wives.
-
- Pension: Improved pension contributions of $8000 to $12500 per player per
- year, depending on the player's number of NHL games. Agreement on language
- to guarantee continuation of Security Plan negotiated in 1986.
-
- Regular season: Increased from 80 to 84 games in 92-93. For 2 games
- played at neutral sites, all arrangements and revenues to be shared.
-
- Rosters: Kept at 18 skaters and 2 goaltenders for 92-93.
-
- Entry draft: Reduced to 11 rounds from 12.
-
- Supplemental draft: One selection for each non-playoff team.
-
- Joint study group: Examine financial state of NHL & issue report to
- assist in preparing for 1993 negotiations
-
- -----
-
- NHL free agency categories (effective until 9/15/93)
-
- Group I:
- - players aged 24 and under
- - player's choice of player equalization or draft pick compensation
- - for compensation, old club has right to match offer from new club
- - for equalization, old club has no right to match offer
- - equalization, which can consist of players, draft picks, and/or cash,
- must be agreed upon between two clubs or submitted to arbitration
-
- Group II:
- - players aged 25 to 29
- - player's choice of player equalization or draft pick compensation
- - for equalization, old club has right to match offer only if it is
- at least $351,000
- - for compensation, schedule is:
- one first round pick if player signs for $350,000-$500,000/year
- two first round picks if player signs for $500,000-$1 million/year
- extra first round pick for each additional $1M over $1M/year
-
- Group III:
- - players aged 30 and over
- - old club gets no compensation, but has right to match offer
- - to receive right to match, old club must make qualifying offer of 15%
- over player's salary in prior season
-
- Group V:
- - player with 10 years of experience whose salary is below NHL average
- can choose to be a free agent without compensation once in his career.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 2. NHL Minor Leagues
-
- The NHL minor leagues are the International Hockey League, the American
- Hockey League and the East Coast Hockey League. Information on the
- Central Hockey League and the American Hockey Association can be found in
- section 4.
-
- -----
-
- IHL
-
- contacts:
- IHL: Rob Springall <rgs7077@ultb.isc.rit.edu>
- Cincinnati Cyclones: Joseph Combs <jgcombs@uceng.UC.EDU>
- Cleveland Lumberjacks: Rob Gasser <CSRAG@uoft02.utoledo.edu>
- Ft. Wayne Komets: Rob Gasser <CSRAG@uoft02.utoledo.edu>
- Salt Lake Golden Eagles: Roland Behunin <behunin@logdis1.oo.aflc.af.mil>
-
- IHL's 1992 Turner Cup: The Kansas City Blades defeated Muskegon
- Lumberjacks 4 games to 0.
-
- Dmitri Kvartalnov ('92 Bruins' draft) of the San Diego Gulls is 1992
- winner of James Gatschene Memorial Trophy as IHL MVP.
-
- -----
-
- AHL
-
- contacts:
- AHL: Rob Springall <rgs7077@ultb.isc.rit.edu>
- Bri Farenell <farenebt@craft.camp.clarkson.edu>
- Mark Anania <ananim@rpi.edu>
-
- See Section 5 for newsletter information.
-
- Atlantic Division: Cape Breton, Fredericton, Halifax, Moncton, St. John's
- Northern Division: Adirondack, Capital District, Providence, New Haven,
- Springfield
- Southern Division: Baltimore, Binghamton, Hershey, Rochester, Utica,
- Hamilton
-
- AHL's 1992 Calder Cup: The Adirondack Red Wings beat the St. John's Maple
- Leafs 4 games to 3. The home-ice curse held true as all games in the final
- were won by the visiting team.
-
- John Anderson (New Haven) is 1992 winner of Les Cunningham Plaque as AHL
- MVP.
-
- -----
-
- ECHL
-
- contacts:
- ECHL, Toledo Storm: Rob Gasser <CSRAG@uoft02.utoledo.edu>
-
- ECHL's 1992 Riley Cup: Hampton Roads beat Louisville 4 games to 0.
-
- See Section 5 for newsletter information.
-
- -----
-
- Minor League Affiliates for NHL teams:
-
- Bos: Providence Bruins (AHL), Johnstown Chiefs (ECHL)
- Buf: Rochester Americans (AHL), Erie Panthers (ECHL)
- Cal: Salt Lake Golden Eagles (IHL), Roanoke Valley Rebels (ECHL)
- Chi: Indianapolis Ice (IHL), Columbus Chill (ECHL), St. Thomas (Col. HL)
- Det: Adirondack Red Wings (AHL), Toledo Storm (ECHL)
- Edm: Cape Breton Oilers (AHL), Winston-Salem Thunderbirds (ECHL)
- Har: Springfield Indians (AHL), Louisville Icehawks (ECHL)
- LA : Phoenix Roadrunners (IHL), Raleigh Icecaps (ECHL)
- Min: Kalamazoo Wings (IHL), Dayton Bombers (ECHL)
- Mon: Fredericton Canadiens (AHL), Winston-Salem Thunderbirds (ECHL),
- Flint (Col. HL)
- NJ : Utica Devils (AHL), Birmingham Bulls (ECHL)
- NYI: Capital District Islanders (AHL), Richmond Renegades (ECHL)
- NYR: Binghamton Rangers (AHL)
- Ott: New Haven Senators (AHL), Thunder Bay (Col. HL)
- Phi: Hershey Bears (AHL)
- Pit: Cleveland Lumberjacks (IHL), Knoxville Cherokees (ECHL)
- Que: Halifax Citadels (AHL), Greensboro Monarchs (ECHL)
- SJ : Kansas City Blades (IHL), Nashville Knights (ECHL)
- StL: Peoria Rivermen (IHL), Dayton Bombers (ECHL), Flint (Col. HL)
- TB : Atlanta Knights (IHL)
- Tor: St. John's Maple Leafs (AHL), Raleigh Icecaps (ECHL), Brantford
- (Col. HL)
- Van: Columbus Chill (ECHL), Hamilton Canucks (AHL)
- Was: Baltimore Skipjacks (AHL), Hampton Roads Admirals (ECHL)
- Win: Moncton Hawks (AHL), Thunder Bay (Col. HL)
-
- Ind: Cincinnati Cyclones (IHL)
- Fort Wayne Komets (IHL)
- Michigan Falcons (Colonial HL)
- Milwaukee Admirals (IHL)
- San Diego Gulls (IHL)
- St. Thomas (Colonial HL)
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 3. College Hockey
-
- contacts:
- NCAA: Mike Machnik <nin15b34@merrimack.edu>
- Wisconsin Badgers: Jeff Horvath <horvath@cs.wisc.edu>
- CCHA, Bowling Green State: Keith Instone <instone@euclid.bgsu.edu>
- ECAC, Clarkson: Bri Farenell <farenebt@craft.camp.clarkson.edu>
-
- - e-mail lists:
- Wayne Smith <wts@maine.maine.edu> maintains 2 lists, one for discussions
- (HOCKEY-L) and one for news (HOCKEY-D):
-
- send e-mail to <listserv@maine.maine.edu> with body:
- SUBSCRIBE HOCKEY-L <name & favorite team>
- or
- SUBSCRIBE HOCKEY-D <name>
- (a read-only list containing news from HOCKEY-L)
-
- - ftp site: andy.bgsu.edu
- The directory "pub/Hockey" contains CCHA press releases, scores,
- standings, and rosters. The sub-directory "Archives" has archives of the
- Division I college hockey mailing list since 1989. Also, archives from the
- Division III list since May 1992 are available.
-
- 1992 NCAA Final Four Results:
- Semifinals: Wisconsin 4 Michigan 2
- Lake Superior State 4 Michigan State 2
- Finals: Lake Superior State 5 Wisconsin 3
-
- Scott Pellerin ('89 Devils' draft) of Maine won the Hobey Baker Award for
- 1992
-
- SUNY-Plattsburgh won the 1992 NCAA Division III Championship over
- Wisconsin-Stevens Point, which was going for its 4th straight title.
-
- Providence College won the 1992 ECAC Division I Women's Championship and
- assumes the title of unofficial national champion.
-
- 1991-1992 Division I conference regular season and playoff champs are:
- Regular Season Playoffs
- CCHA Michigan Lake Superior
- ECAC Harvard St Lawrence
- Hockey East Maine Maine
- WCHA Minnesota Northern Michigan
-
- - NCAA Division I Teams
-
- CCHA (Central Collegiate Hockey Association):
- Bowling Green, Ferris State, Illinois-Chicago, Lake Superior, Miami,
- Michigan, Michigan State, Ohio State, Western Michigan, Notre Dame, Kent
- State, Alaska-Fairbanks (affiliate member )
-
- CCHA Playoff structure: The top 6 will host the bottom 6 (1 vs
- 12, 2 vs 11, etc) in a two-of-three weekend series The six winners will
- advance to Joe Louis Arena for single elimination the rest of the way. The
- top 2 remaining seeds get a bye while 3 plays 6 and 4 plays 5 on the first
- night. On the second night, the 4 remaining teams battle it out, leaving
- only two to play for the championship, on the third night. Alaska-
- Fairbanks, as an affiliate member, will be seeded from #7 to #12 by the
- league office.
-
- ECAC (Eastern College Athletic Conference) (men's):
- Brown, Clarkson, Colgate, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, RPI, St.
- Lawrence, Union, Vermont, Yale
-
- ECAC (Eastern College Athletic Conference) (women's):
- Brown, Colby, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, New Hampshire, Northeastern,
- Princeton, Providence, Rochester Institute of Technology, St. Lawrence,
- Yale
-
- The Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference unveiled the nation's
- first intercollegiate women's ice hockey league and announced the 12 teams
- will begin play in the 1993-94 season.
- The top eight finishers in the ECAC Women's Ice Hockey League will
- qualify for a post-season tournament.
- The league replaces an informal 15-team conference of nine
- Division I and six Division III schools, which held their own respective
- division tournaments at the end of the regular season.
- The ECAC said it would discontinue its Division III women's
- tournament after this season.
-
- Hockey East:
- Boston College, Boston University, UMass-Lowell, Maine, Merrimack, New
- Hampshire, Northeastern, Providence
-
- WCHA (Western Collegiate Hockey Association):
- Colorado College, Denver, Michigan Tech, Minnesota, Minnesota-Duluth,
- North Dakota, Northern Michigan, St Cloud, Wisconsin
-
- Alaska-Anchorage has joined the WCHA as a full-fledged member for 93-94
-
- Independents:
- Air Force, Alabama-Huntsville, Alaska-Anchorage, Alaska-Fairbanks, Army
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 4. Other Hockey Leagues
-
- - 1992 World Championships in Czechoslovakia
-
- Sweden defeated Finland 5-2 (gold medal match)
- Czechoslovakia defeated Switzerland 5-2 (bronze medal match)
-
- Final Standings (round robin):
-
- GROUP A W T L GF GA Pts GROUP B W T L GF GA PTS
- Finland 5 0 0 32 8 10 Russia 4 1 0 23 10 9
- Germany 4 0 1 30 14 8 Czech 4 0 1 18 7 8
- USA 2 1 2 14 15 5 Switz 2 2 1 12 11 6
- Sweden 1 2 2 14 12 4 Canada 2 1 2 15 18 5
- Italy 1 1 3 10 18 3 Norway 1 0 4 8 16 2
- Poland 0 0 5 8 41 0 France 0 0 5 8 22 0
-
- Austria will replace Poland in Pool A of 1993 WC in Germany
-
- As of Jan. 1, Czechoslovakia will split into two independent
- states and after the 92-93 season is over, its ice hockey teams will do
- likewise. The 10 teams of the yet-to-be-named Czech Republic will inherit
- the right to remain in the A group in the world ratings but the small
- group of four Slovak clubs will be forced to lay the foundations of their
- own league and step down to the C-group.
-
- -----
- - Izvestia hockey tournament
-
- Czechoslovakia may withdraw from the Izvestia hockey tournament in Moscow
- because of the cost of air fare and entry fee to the organizers.
-
- -----
-
- - Olympic Games
-
- CIS won the gold, Canada the silver, and Czechoslovakia the bronze
- (defeated USA).
-
- Yale hockey coach Tim Taylor was named coach for the '94 US Olympic Team.
-
- Dany Dube from the UQTR Patriotes (CIAU) and Tom Renney from the Kamloops
- Blazers (WHL) are co-coaches of Canada's national program.
-
- **
-
- The 1998 Nagano Winter Olympic Organizing Committee said Thursday it
- has approved the addition of women's ice hockey and curling to the list of
- official medal events at the Games. The decision, which came at the
- organizing committee meeting here, followed an accord reached in Nagano
- between the committee and the IOC Coordination Committee earlier this
- month. The decision will be formally ratified by an Executive Board
- meeting of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and its Session. As
- a result, the number of total events at Nagano will increase to 64 in
- seven sports.
-
- -----
-
- - Canada Cup
-
- Team Canada defeated Team USA 2 games to 0.
-
- -----
-
- - Germany Cup
-
- Russia defeated Team Canada 6-3 to win the $170,000 four-team
- Germany Cup for the third time. The Russian team, coached for the first
- time by the legendary Boris Michailov, assured itself of the $67,000
- winner's check after a 3-1 over Czechoslovakia. The former Soviet Union
- and Commonwealth of Independent States captured the tournament in 1988 and
- 1991 under Viktor Tikhonov.
-
- -----
-
- - Junior Leagues
-
- contact:
- WHL: Randy Coulman <coulman@skdad.usask.ca>
- Mitch McGowan <hamlet@u.washington.edu>
-
- The site for the 75th Memorial Cup Tournament has yet to be
- chosen. It will be staged in Ontario but the exact location won't be
- determined until next spring.
- In March of '93, the two regular-season division champions from
- the Ontario Hockey League will meet in a best-of-seven series at the start
- of the playoff season. The winner of the series earns the right to host
- the Memorial Cup, traditionally held in May.
- The eventual OHL champion will also participate in the tourney.
- But if the league champs also happen to be the club hosting the Memorial
- Cup, then the league finalists will advance as well."
-
- Charles Poulin (Mon draft) of St-Hyacinthe (QMJHL) is '92 Canadian Hockey
- League Player of the Year.
-
- 1992 Memorial Cup at Seattle
-
- Round-robin standings W L GF GA
- Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds (OHL) 3 0 14 8
- Kamloops Blazers (WHL) 2 1 10 7
- Seattle Thunderbirds (WHL host) 1 2 9 10
- Verdun College Francais (QMJHL) 0 3 5 13
-
- Semifinal Kamloops 8 Seattle 3
- Final Kamloops 5 Sault Ste. Marie 4
-
- -----
-
- - American Hockey Association
-
- The American Hockey Association, a new professional hockey league,
- has signed a contract with the Brown County Arena to bring professional
- hockey to Green Bay.
- The AHA franchise will be called the Green Bay Ice.
- Other franchises in the league are in Hibbing and St. Paul, Minn.,
- and Bismarck and Fargo, N.D. All five franchises are owned by the three
- league founders and other investors.
- The season runs from Nov. 20 through March.
-
- -----
-
- - Central Hockey League
-
- contact:
- Marc Foster <mfoster@metgem.gcn.uoknor.edu>
- <mfoster@alliant.backbone.uoknor.edu>
- **
- Ted Wollnik <twollnik@rdxsun11.aud.alcatel.com>
-
- See Section 5 for newsletter information.
-
- CHL:
- Fort Worth Fire, Wichita Thunder, Dallas Freeze, Tulsa Oilers, Memphis
- River Kings, Oklahoma City Blazers
-
- Six non-affiliated teams play a 60 game schedule extending from
- early November to mid March. Each team is owned by the league, with local
- interests controlling day to day operations. Each team has a $100,000
- salary cap for 17 total players (16 dress up). Unlike the ECHL, players
- are not limited to three years in the league.
- Future expansion plans include Houston, San Antonio, New Orleans,
- Omaha, Albuquerque, and Little Rock. Houston and San Antonio are nearly a
- lock for the 1993-94 season.
-
- -----
-
- - British Premier Division:
-
- contacts:
- Neil A. McGlynn: <nmcglynn@axion.bt.co.uk> (from NA)
- <nmcglynn@uk.co.bt.axion> (from Europe)
- Steve Salvini: <steve@cs.hw.ac.uk>
-
- Contact Steve for the GB USENET draft.
-
- e-mail list: send e-mail to <uk-hockey-request@uk.ac.hw.cs> to subscribe.
-
- Durham Wasps defeated Nottingham Panthers 7-6 in '92 British championship
- game.
-
- -----
-
- - Finnish Elite League (SM-LIIGA):
-
- contacts:
- Juha Koivisto & Kimmo Kauranen <hockey@tac.fi>
- Vesa J Pyyluoma <veikko@vipunen.hut.fi>
-
- Final standings 91-92:
- 1) Jokerit, Helsinki 2) JyP HT, Jyvaskyla 3) HIFK, Helsinki
- 4) Assat, Pori 5) TPS, Turku 6) Lukko, Rauma
- 7) KalPa, Kuopio 8) HPK, Hameenlinna 9) Ilves, Tampere
- 10) Reipas, Lahti 11) Tappara, Tampere 12) JoKP, Joensuu
- JoKP dropped and Kiekko-Espoo from Espoo qualified to the SM-LIIGA
-
- Individual stats leaders 91-92:
- Points: Makela Mikko, TPS 25+45=70 (+ playoffs: 2+3=5 )
- Scoring: Selanne Teemu, Jokerit 39+23=62 (+ playoffs: 10+7=17)
-
- All Stars 91-92:
- Briza Petr (Lukko), Virta Hannu (TPS), Laurila Harri (JyP HT),
- Makela Mikko (TPS), Janecky Otakar (Jokerit), Selanne Teemu (Jokerit)
-
- -----
-
- - German Hockey League:
-
- contact:
- Andreas Stockmeier <stocki@cs.tu-berlin.de> or <stocki@tub.UUCP>
-
- Duesseldorfer Eishockey-Gemeinschaft defeated SB Rosenheim in '92 German
- final
-
- -----
-
- - Swedish Elite League (Elitserien):
-
- contact:
- Staffan Axelsson <etxonss@ufsa.ericsson.se>
-
- The Swedish hockey league (Elitserien) consists of 12 teams. Each
- team plays 22 games (each team twice) before Christmas. When 22 rounds of
- play is complete, teams #11 and #12 get eliminated and have to continue
- play against teams from lower divisions for two spots in next year's
- Elitserie. The ten remaining teams then play 18 games (again, each team
- twice) for 8 playoff spots. Teams #9 and #10 are then done for the season.
- In the playoffs, there are first quarterfinals (best of three games).
- Teams #1 and #2 play teams #7 and #8 depending on random selection. Also,
- teams #3 and #4 play teams #5 and #6 by the same principle. After this
- comes the semifinals (best of three) and then finals (best of five).
-
- Malmo defeated Djurgarden 3 games to 2 for the '92 Swedish hockey
- championship
-
- Hakan Loob of Farjestad is the 91-92 MVP in the Swedish Elite League.
-
- -----
-
- - Swiss First Division:
- **
- Andy Murray, Europe's highest-paid ice hockey coach, was fired by Swiss
- first division club HC Lugano. The 41-year-old Murray, a former assistant
- coach of the Philadelphia Flyers and Minnesota North Stars, had taken over
- the club this summer for a reported record salary of $300,000.
-
- Berne defeated Fribourg 3 games to 2 for the 1992 Swiss hockey
- championship.
-
- -----
-
- - 1992 Women's World Championships at Finland
- 1 Canada, 2 USA, 3 Finland, 4 Sweden, 5 China, 6 Norway, 7 Denmark,
- 8 Switzerland
-
- -----
-
- 1991-92 World Junior Hockey Championships in Germany
-
- W L T Pts GF GA
- Gold CIS 6 1 0 12 39 13
- Silver Sweden 5 1 1 11 41 24
- Bronze USA 5 2 0 10 30 22
- Finland 3 3 1 7 21 21
- Czech 3 4 0 6 28 24
- Canada 2 3 2 6 21 30
- Germany 1 6 0 2 15 40
- *Switz 1 6 0 2 19 40
- * Switzerland drops to Pool B next year.
- Japan replaces Switzerland in A Pool next year.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 5. Info available via e-mail
-
- When requesting items via e-mail please include your preferred address
- in the body of the message. Sometimes the reply-to address is not a good
- thing to go by.
-
- - ftp site: wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4)
- In directory /doc/misc/sports/nhl there are some new hockey files.
- Get the README file for information and contents.
-
- ---
-
- - E-mail lists:
-
- List Topic (Freq.) To Subscribe
- Boston Bruins bruins-request@cs.Usask.CA
- List Address bruins@cs.Usask.CA
- Buffalo Sabres sabres-request@potter.csh.rit.edu
- List Address sabres@potter.csh.rit.edu
- Los Angeles Kings willis@empire.dnet.hac.com
- Montreal Canadiens habs-request@sdsu.edu
- List Address habs@sdsu.edu
- Pittsburgh Penguin gp2f+@andrew.cmu.edu
- List Address gp2f@andrew.cmu.edu
- San Jose Sharks sharks-request@medraut.apple.com
- List Address sharks@medraut.apple.com
- Tampa Bay Lightning wilson@cs.ucf.edu
- Vancouver Canucks chim@sfu.ca
- List Address van-canucks@sfu.ca
- Washington Capitals david@eng.umd.edu
- List Address caps@monster.umd.edu
- NHL Boxscores (M-F) bks@cbnewsh.cb.att.com
- NHL Boxscores (S-S) jpc@philabs.philips.com
- NHL Goalie Stats (d) coulman@cs.Usask.CA
- NHL Scores (n) wilson@cs.ucf.edu
- NHL Team Stats (w) wilson@cs.ucf.edu
- AHL Newsletter ahl-news-request@hamlet.cmu.edu
- List Address ahl-news@hamlet.cmu.edu
- ECHL Newsletter echl-news-request@andrew.cmu.edu
- List Address echl-news@andrew.cmu.edu
- US College Hockey (see section 3)
- **
- Division III College Hockey hockey3-request@hooville.mitre.org
- CHL Newsletter mfoster@geohub.gcn.uoknor.edu
- British League uk-hockey-request@uk.ac.hw.cs
-
- Freq: M-F=Monday-Friday, S-S=Saturday-Sunday, d=daily, n=nightly,
- w=weekly
-
- If you have something interesting, make it available. When requesting,
- use the keyword in the body or subject. Also, specify team, date, etc.,
- where applicable.
-
- Available from Eric Rickin <ab870@cleveland.freenet.edu>:
- Keyword Description
- AHLADDR AHL team addresses
- CANJUNIORS Canada junior teams
- NHLTV TV stations for each team
- NHLRADIO Radio stations for each team
- USJUNIORS US junior teams
- XXXXDRAFT XXXX (for XXXX=1989-1992) NHL Entry Draft
- 1991EXP 1991 NHL Expansion & Dispersal Draft
-
- Available from Rob Springall <rgs7077@ultb.isc.rit.edu>:
- Keyword Description
- AHL Up-to-date info on the AHL
- IHL Up-to-date info on the IHL
- NHL.C A C program that prints the 91-92 NHL schedule for a specified
- day
-
- Available from Stan Willis <willis@empire.dnet.hac.com>:
- Keyword Description
- ATTEND 91-92 NHL team home attendance report by quarters
- PSLOGOS NHL team logos in PostScript
-
- Available from David Anthony Wyatt <wyatt@ccu.umanitoba.ca>:
- Keyword Description
- ALLLIST All-time List of Professional Hockey Franchises
-
- Available from Roland Behunin <behunin@logdis1.oo.aflc.af.mil>:
- Keyword Description
- SATINFO Satellite info for NHL teams
-
- Available from Mike Machnik <nin15b34@merrimack.edu>:
- Keyword Description
- DIV1SCHED 92-93 NCAA Division I scores
- Mike can also provide a schedule for any of the 46 Division I teams to
- people who ask. E-mail him for details.
-
- Available from Bill Clare <Clare@Kodak.COM>:
- Keyword Description
- RETIRED List of retired numbers for NHL players
-
- Available from Staffan Axelsson <etxonss@ufsa.ericsson.se>:
- Keyword Description
- WCMEDALS World Championships Medalists 1920-1992
- WCSTAND World Championships All-Time Standings, Pool A 1920-1992
- WCALSTAR World Championships All-Star Teams 1961-1992
- WCROSTXX World Championships Gold Winning Teams' Rosters 1958-1992
- (Specify XX=58-92)
- WJHC History of medals given at the World Junior Hockey
- Championships
-
- Available from Paul Brownlow <paul@data-io.com>:
- Keyword Description
- CHLPOY Past Canadian Hockey League players of the year
- MEMCUP Past Memorial Cup winners
-
- Available from <wilson@cs.ucf.edu>:
- To use the statsmailer, send e-mail to "wilson@cs.ucf.edu" with subject
- "statsmailer" and a body containing the word HELP to receive a list of
- allowable commands. Things available: NHL team/league schedules/calendars,
- a plethora of team statistics, scores of games, and some assorted hockey
- files.
- Seasons 1988-1992 available.
-
- Available from Mitch McGowan <hamlet@u.washington.edu>
- Keyword Description
- NHLLEAD 1991-92 NHL Leaders (Scoring, Goals, Assists, Power-play
- goals, Short-handed goals, Game-winning goals, Shots, Goals-
- against average, Victories, Save percentage, Shutouts)
- ZAMBONI Alan Thicke's "Book of Zamboni" opening from the 1991 NHL
- Awards broadcast
-
- Available from Matt Militzok <mmilitzo@skidmore.edu>
- Keyword Description
- STATS Up-to-date NHL statistics
-
- Available from Harry Peltz <hbpeltz@mailbox.syr.edu>
- Keyword Description
- SCORES Compliation of NHL scores for the current month (in compressed
- and uuencoded format)
- Dates can also be specified for speicific box scores, but try not to
- request too many at one time (Max 5 box scores or three days).
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 6. USENET Hockey Pool
-
- send e-mail to <andrew@idacom.hp.com>.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 7. Up-coming Dates
-
- Dec 26-Jan 4: 1993 IIHF World Junior Hockey Championships at Sweden
- Feb 6: 92-93 NHL All-Star Game in Montreal
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 8. Answers to some frequently asked questions:
-
- Q: Why are the Montreal Canadiens called the Habs?
- A: Most of the team during the 40-50's was made up of people who lived in
- and around Montreal. Hence they were called "Les Habitants" (natives of
- Montreal). This was then shortened to the Habs.
-
- Q: Why is the Montreal Canadiens logo a large C with an H within it?
- A: In 1914-15, the Canadiens logo consisted of C with an A within it to
- signify Club Athletique Canadien (CAC). The next year, CAC no longer
- existed and it was changed to what it is now to signify Club de Hockey.
-
- Q: What is the most informative hockey publication?
- A: The Hockey News is preferred by most North American hockey fans. It is
- a weekly journal with up-to-date info.
-
- Q: How does a 5-minute power-play count in the penalty killing stats in
- the NHL?
- A: If X goals are scored, then the team gets credit for X goals in X+1
- chances.
-
- Q: How is +/- computed in the NHL?
- A: First, +/- only applies to skaters. Except for a power-play goal, when
- a goal is scored, each skater on the ice for the scoring team is given a
- +, and each skater on the ice for the other team is given a -. Short-
- handed goals do count for +/-.
-
- Q: What is the five-hole?
- A: The space between a goalie's pads. There are five major scoring zones:
- (1) upper left corner of goal, (2) upper right, (3) lower left, (4) lower
- right, and (5) five-hole.
-
- Q: What is the meaning of throwing an octopus on the ice?
- A: This tradition began in Detroit in the 1950's when two best-of-seven
- series were required to win the Stanley Cup. Every time Detroit won a
- game, an octopus with one less arm was thrown on the ice.
-
- Q: Who was the first woman to play in an NHL game?
- A: Manon Rheaume, a 20-year-old goaltender, became the first woman ever
- to play in an NHL game on September 23, 1992 when she started in net for
- the expansion Tampa Bay Lightning in an exhibition against the St. Louis
- Blues. Rheaume played the first period before 8,223 at the 10,400-seat
- Expo Hall on the Florida State Fairgrounds and allowed two goals on nine
- shots. She left with the score tied 2-2, although the Lightning ultimately
- lost the game, 6-4.
-
- Q: Who is Gil Stein and where has he been?
- A: Stein is an attorney that served in the John Ziegler administration
- for 15 years as an NHL vice president and general counsel. He was born in
- Philadelphia in 1928 and is a former prosecutor. Before joining the NHL
- front office, Stein was vice president and chief executive officer of the
- Philadelphia Flyers and president of the Maine Mariners of the American
- Hockey League.
-
- Q: What is the richest contract in NHL history?
- A: Mario Lemieux, the superstar center of the Pittsburgh Penguins, signed
- the richest contract in NHL history, a seven-year deal believed to be
- worth about $42 million. Lemieux will earn between $6 million and $7
- million a year, nearly twice as much as any other player in the league.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 9. Miscellaneous:
-
- For field hockey discussions, go to the newsgroup rec.sport.hockey.field.
- For skating discussions, go to the newsgroup rec.skate.
-
- Some sites get another hockey group, called clari.sports.hockey. c.s.h
- consists of the UPI feed for all UPI news articles that are related to
- hockey, including game results, summaries, scores, standings, etc. Much
- of the information in the NHL team news section comes from this newsgroup.
-
- The rec.sport.hockey Frequently Asked Questions posting is posted semi-
- monthly, usually on the 1st and 15th of each month, during the hockey
- season. This file was originally created by Tom Wilson, who posted it
- during the 1991-92 season. It was taken over by Mitch McGowan for the
- 1992-93 season.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Please make corrections via e-mail, indicating "r.s.h FAQ" in some
- manner in the subject line. Feel free to start a discussion on any
- previously mentioned topic (but use an appropriate subject line).
-
- Mitch McGowan <hamlet@u.washington.edu>
-
-
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu misc.consumers.house:40824 news.answers:4708
- Newsgroups: misc.consumers.house,news.answers
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!stanford.edu!agate!spool.mu.edu!uunet!psinntp!dg-rtp!jester!house-archive
- From: house-archive@jester.rtp.dg.com (Topher Eliot)
- Subject: misc.consumers.house FAQ (frequently asked questions)
- Sender: usenet@dg-rtp.dg.com (Usenet Administration)
- Message-ID: <posting_724827605@dg-rtp.dg.com>
- Supersedes: <posting_723618039@dg-rtp.dg.com>
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Date: Sun, 20 Dec 92 05:00:12 GMT
- Expires: 17 Jan 1993 05:00:05 GMT
- Reply-To: house-archive@dg-rtp.dg.com
- Organization: Data General Corporation. RTP, NC.
- Followup-To: poster
- Lines: 24
-
- Archive-name: house-faq
- Last-Modified: Wed Apr 22 10:30:32 EDT 1992
-
- Welcome to misc.consumers.house. Many of the questions that come up here,
- quite possibly including yours, have been covered before.
- A collection of discussions on various topics is available from the
- misc.consumers.house archive server. To learn about the archive server, send
- an empty piece of mail to:
- house-archive@dg-rtp.dg.com
- (You should be able to just reply to this posting.)
-
- If for some reason you have problems, send mail the address that you get by
- substituting 'admin' for 'archive' in the above address. (Why do I state
- this in such an odd way, rather than just writing out the address? I'm
- tired of people carelessly sending mail to the wrong place!)
- If you have to send mail to 'admin', be sure to include every conceivable
- piece of information that I might need to reply to you, up to and including
- a phone number where you will accept collect calls. If the daemon can't
- figure out how to get mail back to you, I probably won't be able to, either.
-
- Topher Eliot Data General DG/UX Systems Administration Development
- (919) 248-6371 eliot@dg-rtp.dg.com {backbone}!mcnc!rti!dg-rtp!eliot
- Obviously, I speak for myself, not for DG.
- misc.consumers.house archivist. Send mail to house-archive@dg-rtp.dg.com
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu comp.sys.hp:25007 news.answers:4692
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.hp,news.answers
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!xn.ll.mit.edu!ames!haven.umd.edu!uunet!news.mentorg.com!dracula!gcagle
- From: gcagle@dracula.mentorg.com (Greg Cagle)
- Subject: comp.sys.hp FAQ
- Message-ID: <1992Dec17.161756.10641@news.mentorg.com>
- Sender: gcagle@dracula (Greg Cagle)
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Date: Thu, 17 Dec 1992 16:17:56 GMT
- Reply-To: greg_cagle@mentorg.com
- Nntp-Posting-Host: dracula.mentorg.com
- Organization: Mentor Graphics
- Keywords: faq
- Followup-To: gcagle@dracula.mentorg.com
- Lines: 1250
-
- Archive-name: hp-faq
- Last-modified: 1992/12/17
- Version: 1.5
-
- comp.sys.hp FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
- --------------------------------------------
- This article contains the answers to some Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- often seen in the USENET newsgroup comp.sys.hp relating to Hewlett-Packard
- computer systems running the HP-UX operating system on all platforms,
- although the focus tends to be on the series 700 workstations. It
- is posted approximately monthly.
-
- Questions marked with a "+" are new to this issue, and questions with changes
- since the last issue are marked by a "!".
-
- If you would like to make any submissions or corrections to the FAQ,
- contact greg_cagle@mentorg.com (Greg Cagle).
-
- Disclaimer:
- -----------
- The content of this article is the sole responsibility of the author and
- contributors, and does not necessarily represent their employers
- or Hewlett-Packard.
-
- TABLE OF CONTENTS:
- ------------------
- FINDING INFORMATION
- 1)! Where can I get a copy of this FAQ file?
- 2) Statistics for the traffic on the comp.sys.hp newsgroup.
- 3) Courses on HP-UX.
- 4) INTEREX, The International Association of HP Computer Users.
- 5)! InterWorks, The International HP Workstation Users Group.
- 6) INTEREX HP Users Conference 1993.
- 7)! InterWorks Conference 1993.
- 8)! HP-UX publicly available software from InterWorks.
- 9)! Anonymous FTP Sites for HP-UX, and UNIX related software.
- 10) Where can I get a "Demo CD" with software for HP-UX?
- 11)! HP-UX patch availability, summary catalog, and mailing list.
- 12) How can I send mail to an "hpdesk" address?
- 13) What are the known issues with porting BSD based programs to HP-UX?
- THIRD PARTY VENDORS
- 1) Third party vendors for RAM.
- UTILITIES
- 1) ASCII to Postscript converter.
- 2) How do I make Perl on HP-UX?
- 3) What is the status of the various gnu items on HP-UX?
- X WINDOW SYSTEM, OSF/MOTIF, AND HP-VUE
- 1)! X11R4 Libraries (Athena, etc.) and utilities (imake, etc.).
- 2) How can I display an image on the root window with HP-VUE.
- 3) How do I get a scroll bar on hpterms?
- 4) How can I put a title in my hpterm titlebar?
- 5) How come my hpterms keep going away by themselves?
- 6)+ How come my HP X/Motif clients take a LONG time to display on a Sun?
- OPERATING SYSTEM
- 1) Can I have filenames longer than 14 chars?
- 2) How can I tell what filesets have been loaded on my system?
- 3) How do I safely remove software from my system?
- 4) What's the scoop on HP-UX 9.0?
- 5) How come HP-UX doesn't support root NFS access?
- 6) Can I get HP-UX to try DNS before NIS?
- 7) How come the LOGnnnn files in /usr/adm keep growing and growing?
- 8)! How come I can't lock mail or other files on a Sun?
- 9) What are the known issues with HP-UX 8.07?
- 10) Why are mail files in /usr/mail are owned by daemon instead of the
- recipient?
- 11)+ How can I tell if I need more than a 2-user license?
- COMPILERS AND LINKERS
- 1) What's a P-FIXUP error mean?
- 2) Where is regcmp on HP-UX?
- 3)+ How come the default C compiler is brain dead?
- HARDWARE AND PERIPHERALS
- 1) Are alternate keyboards available for HP workstations?
- 2)! How can I play audio CDs on an HP workstation?
- 3) How can I enable the LAN interface on a 700?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: FINDING INFORMATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1) Where can I get a copy of this FAQ file?
-
- The comp.sys.hp FAQ file is posted monthly to the comp.sys.hp
- and news.answers newsgroups. It is archived on pit-manager.mit.edu
- in the pub/usenet directory, and also on the InterWorks archive machine
- (see below), in the comp.hp directory.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2) Statistics for the traffic on the comp.sys.hp newsgroup.
-
- The following is from the "USENET Readership report for Oct 92" posted to the
- "news.lists" newsgroup, and archived on pit-manager.mit.edu in the
- pub/usenet/news.lists directory.
-
- +--Rank out of 1640 groups.
- | +-- Estimated total number of people who read the group, worldwide.
- | | +-- Actual number of readers in sampled population
- | | | +-- Propagation: how many sites receive this group at all
- | | | | +-- Recent traffic (messages per month)
- | | | | | +-- Recent traffic (kilobytes per month)
- | | | | | | +-- Crossposting percentage
- | | | | | | | +-- Cost ratio: $US/month/rdr
- | | | | | | | | +-- Share: % of newsrders
- | | | | | | | | | who read this group.
- V V V V V V V V V
- 169 33000 1022 83% 1175 2247.2 8% 0.11 2.1% comp.sys.hp
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 3) Courses on HP-UX.
-
- Call the following numbers for information or the latest HP Education Catalog.
-
- U.S.: 1-800-HPCLASS {1-800-472-5277}
-
- Canada: (416)678-9430
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 4) INTEREX, The International Association of HP Computer Users.
-
- INTEREX
- 585 Maude Court
- Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3839 USA
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 5) InterWorks, The International HP Workstation Users Group.
-
- InterWorks, formerly the Apollo Domain User's Society (ADUS), was formed to
- provide a users group specifically for HP _workstation_ users.The group publishes a quarterly
- newsletter, "The Works", holds an annual conference (see below), and maintains
- a library of HP-UX (and DOMAIN) software (see below). Membership is free;
- please contact Carol Relph for more information:
-
- Carol Relph
- Manager, Member Services
- InterWorks, Inc.
- c/o Hewlett-Packard Company
- Workstation Business Unit
- 300 Apollo Drive, Mailstop IWORKS
- Chelmsford, MA 01824-3623
-
- (508)256-6600
-
- E-Mail: relph_c@apollo.hp.com
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 6) INTEREX HP Users Conference 1993.
-
- For more information, please contact the INTEREX Conference Department.
-
- INTEREX Conference Department
- 585 Maude Court
- P.O. Box 3439
- Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3439, USA
- (800)INTEREX (U.S. & Canada only)
- (408)738-4848
- Telex: 4971527
- Fax: (408)736-2156
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 7) InterWorks Conference 1993.
-
- InterWorks and Hewlett-Packard's Workstation Systems Group invite all
- HP Workstation System Users to InterWorks '93, which is scheduled for
- April 25-28, 1993 at the Pointe Hotel on South Mountain in Phoenix, AZ.
- This 3-day informational and educational forum boasts technical breakout
- and focus group sessions, R&D directive sessions, tutorials, Q&A sessions,
- a Tech Lab and Vendor Exhibit Show, Software Library, 1-on-1 desks, and pre
- and post conference educational training seminars. It's an opportunity to
- get answers to all workstation-related questions in a casual, informal
- environment. For more information, contact Andrea Woloski, InterWorks
- Manager at 508/436-5213 or e-mail Andrea at woloski_a@apollo.hp.com.
-
- (P.S.: Anyone interested in presenting a paper and receiving a reduced
- conference registration fee should contact us promptly -- the Call for
- Papers deadline is January 15!)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 8) HP-UX publicly available software from InterWorks.
-
- [ Dave Shaw maintains a library of publicly available HP-UX related software
- on behalf of the InterWorks User Group. Dave Shaw can be reached at
- (303)443-9413, or via E-Mail at librarian@iworks.ecn.uiowa.edu.
- The following is provided by Dave Shaw, the InterWorks Librarian. This
- is the last full list he posted (#10) plus the latest updates (to #13).
- I've removed the detailed descriptions for space; see the README
- mentioned below for details. ]
-
- The following is a list of new (or updated) entries (since my last posting),
- of UX-related software on the InterWorks library node (iworks.ecn.uiowa.edu--
- 128.255.18.10). Note that everything is available via anonymous ftp-- in
- "comp.hp"). The README there contains a complete list of the available
- software. Nearly all of the following is also available on a CD for
- $75.00. For ordering information contact Carol Relph.
-
- All the following is suitable for the 700 series machines, and I
- have started to verify that. Executables are included in some packages.
- If you take a package and find that you must build an executable (or do
- some porting) for your machine and/or OS level, I would appreciate
- hearing about your work and receiving a copy of the executable you built.
-
- Note that I have had very little involvement in the writing or packaging
- of any of the items on the list-- they are the result of the work of many
- other people. In particular, note that the available binaries have not
- been compiled by me. If you are concerned about running binaries compiled
- by someone else, build them yourself with the available source. Also note
- that individual authors may include text regarding the rights of others
- to use and distribute their code.
-
- Thanks to all the contributors.
-
- bytes
- 810479 C-News.tar.Z
- 80589 EasyEdit.tar.Z
- 643301 Elm2.3.tar.Z
- 18531320 GNUEmacs.tar.Z
- 329877 GNUmake-3.55.tar.Z
- 236715 GNUtar-1.10.tar.Z
- 982443 ImageMagick.tar.Z
- 2508135 MH.tar.Z
- 226233 NNTP.tar.Z
- ? Scheme
- 117115 SOS.tar.Z
- 12387119 TeX3.14.tar.Z
- 27043840 TeXSRC.tar
- 1620992 X11R4.stuff
- 39399777 X11R5_source.tar.Z
- 258885 acm.2.4.tar.Z
- 282312 amd-5.2.tar.Z
- 508089 amd5.3-beta1.tar.Z
- 109753 arc-5.21e.hp.tar.Z
- 91373 bzonec.hp.tar.Z
- 52252 calls.tar.Z
- 25898 capslock.Z
- 37852 cproto.tar.Z
- 342135 dtrek.tar.Z
- 210935 ee.tar.Z
- 197225 expect3.tar.Z
- 167878 ezedit.tar.Z
- 367653 flex-2.3.7.tar.Z
- 122813 ftpd.tar.Z
- 14010135 gcc-2.2.2.tar.Z
- 3141289 ghostscript-2.4+fonts.hp.tar.Z
- 163840 ghostview-1.3-hp300bin.tar
- 235520 ghostview-1.3-hp700bin.tar
- 172103 ghostview.tar.Z
- 799047 gnuplot.tar.Z
- 1342487 groff-1.06.tar.Z
- 2105453 groff1.06_s300.tar.Z
- 3007377 groff1.06_s700.tar.Z
- GUI_classic
- 12444 io.benchmark.tar.Z
- 25481 lc.tar.Z
- 165961 less177magic.tar.Z
- 75707 lharc102a.tar.Z
- 40968 lsof.tar.Z
- 111139 mkid2.tar.Z
- 16803 mkptypes.tar.Z
- 36043 mmv.tar.Z
- 54598 monitor_8.0x-s300.tar.Z
- 74555 monitor_8.0x-s700.tar.Z
- 56968 nenscript.tar.Z
- 1448256 nethack3pl10.tar.Z
- 960 nocore.c
- 42152 ntalk.tar.Z
- 578051 p2c-1.20.hpux.tar.Z
- 74049 pang.tar.Z
- 112671 patch-2.0.12u7.tar.Z
- 3023333 pbmplus10dec91_tar.Z
- 2596635 perl-4.035-HP700-8.05.tar.Z
- 3102139 pine3.03.tar.Z
- 479055 plp.hp.tar.Z
- 85219 popper-1.7.HP.tar.Z
- 1504044 ray4.6_tar.Z
- 1956 renice.tar.Z
- 6781 resize-hp.c.Z
- 177838 spider.tar.Z
- 34498 spy.tar.Z
- 13588 ssh-1.3.tar.Z
- 545729 tcl6.2.tar.Z
- 774801 tcsh-6.02.tar.Z
- 114403 timed.tar.Z
- 653844 tk1.4.tar.Z
- 409001 tn3270.hpux.tar.Z
- 154350 top-3.0.tar.Z
- 32182 traceroute_1.17.tar.Z
- 568713 transfig.tar.Z
- 109985 unzip4.1.tar.Z
- 2469994 urt-3.0_tar.Z
- 1851392 urt-img.tar
- 139653 x3270-1.2.tar.Z
- 9518721 x8.0s300.tar.Z
- 11358550 x8.0s800.tar.Z
- 12356454 x8.0s700.tar.Z
- 74773 xcalc_tar.Z
- 41128 xcalendar.tar.Z
- 180779 xcd.tar.Z
- 33461 xdaliclock.tar.Z
- 9609 xdiff.tar.Z
- 40323 xdtree.tar.Z
- 167194 xdvi-2.15.tar.Z
- 539041 xfig.tar.Z
- 988465 xfig-2.1.tar.Z
- 1644635 xfract104_tar.Z
- 1045507 xgo.tar.Z
- 61385 xmahjon.hp.tar.Z
- 140077 xmc.tar.Z
- ? xmgr
- 208953 xmps.1.01.tar.Z
- 19682 xneko.hp700.bin.Z
- 1240970 xntp.tar.Z
- 71333 xperf.tar.Z
- 762406 xntp.hp.tar.Z
- 179658 xpilot.tar.Z
- 357865 xrn-6.17.tar.Z
- 77453 xstones.tar.Z
- 39714 xswarm.2.3.tar.Z
- 56846 xtalk.tar.Z
- 2847307 xv-2.21.tar.Z
- 80833 xwebster_motif_tar.Z
- 33380 ytalk.tar.Z
- 8431 zutils.tar.Z
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 9) Anonymous FTP Sites for HP-UX, and UNIX related software.
-
-
- Name: iworks.ecn.uiowa.edu
- Address: 128.255.18.10
- Contents: The InterWorks HP-UX Library in the directory "comp.hp" as
- described above. The iworks node also keeps the last 4-6
- months of comp.sys.hp online (via an InterWorks member logon
- (see question #5 above). An archive going back to June 1990
- is available-- contact the InterWorks librarian for details.
- Additionally, a large (~1300 line) "HP-UX Troubleshooting
- Guide" is available under the InterWorks member logon.
-
- Name: ftp.csc.liv.ac.uk
- Address: 138.253.42.172
- Contents: Large amount of stuff in directory /hpux.
-
- Name: ftp.prz.tu-berlin.de
- Address: 130.149.62.68
- Contents: Much of the Liverpool archive.
-
- Name: export.lcs.mit.edu
- Address: 18.24.0.12
- Contents: The X Window System and contributed clients.
-
- Name: hpcvaaz.cv.hp.com
- Address: 15.255.72.15
- Contents: X Window System libraries and utilities.
-
- Name: lut.fi
- Address: 157.24.10.8
- Contents: Various in /pub/hpux and /pub/unix/hp-ux
-
- Name: nic.funet.fi
- Address: 128.214.6.100
- Contents: Various in /pub/unix/arch/hpux
-
- Name: prep.ai.mit.edu
- Address: 18.71.0.38
- Contents: The Free Software Foundation's GNU utilities, etc.
-
- [ Thanks to Gary Fong for the information on the comp.sys.hp archive. ]
- [ Thanks to Kimno Suominen (Kimmo.Suominen@lut.fi) for lut.fi and nic.funet.fi ]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 10) Where can I get a "Demo CD" with software for HP-UX?
-
- HP has a free "Demo CD" called LaserPro that contains demo versions of several
- software products for HP-UX in addition to some publicly available software
- such as emacs, epoch, and xcd. Call 1-800-323-1846 ext. 200, or in
- Massachusetts call 1-800-847-1011 ext 200.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 11) HP-UX patch information and mailing list.
-
- Here is the unofficial HP-UX patch summary list (last update, 12/14/92):
-
- Summary of HP-UX 700 series OS patches.
-
- HP-UX 8.0x
- ----------
- PHSS_0369 - X server, superseded by PHSS_1060.
- PHSS_0393 - 08.63 C compiler (8.05 only). This is superseded by
- the standard C compiler in 8.07.
- PHSS_0417 - fixes for glbd and netncsrc (8.05 only).
- PHCO_0505 - cron problems (8.05 only).
- PHCO_0538 - memory use, DDS/MO, and more for fbackup/frecover.
- Supersedes PHCO_0472.
- PHSS_0560 - bitmap CRX problems (8.05 only).
- PHSS_0574 - X server, superseded by PHSS_1060.
- PHNE_0690 - rpc.statd (8.05 and 8.07). This is a statd that doesn't
- bog the net trying to talk to Apollos.
- PHNE_0724 - automounter that doesn't core dump when -hosts
- is used (8.07 only). Superseded by PHNE_0936.
- PHNE_0734 - patch for SIO support. Allows selection of the trigger level
- on the serial port.
- PHKL_0743 - kernel patch to "restore traditional vfork() semantics".
- PHSS_0779 - Regularly-scheduled cumulative patch for Motif/X11
- PHSS_0780 - Regularly-scheduled cumulative patch for Motif/X11
- PHSS_0784 - X server, xterm.
- PHSS_0788 - S700/Performance enhancement for CRX-24Z shared driver.
- PHSS_0803 - 08.56 linker (8.05 and 8.07).
- PHSS_0806 - X server, superseded by PHSS_1060.
- PHNE_0818 - fix for rpc.lockd to avoid crashing and multiple locks.
- PHKL_0836 - kernel patch that allows the automounter to be restarted
- without hanging (8.07 only). Superseded by PHKL_1102.
- PHKL_0876 - kernel patch that increases the number of NFS request
- buffers. Circumvents a large proportion of automounter hangs.
- Superseded by PHKL_1102.
- PHNE_0899 - Latest update to TTY subsystem.
- PHKL_0900 - virtual memory performance patch. Superseded by PHKL_1065.
- PHKL_0901 - GCLOCK_BLOCKSIG ioctl can cause graphics process hang.
- PHKL_0902 - GCLOCK_BLOCKSIG ioctl can cause graphics process hang.
- PHSS_0904 - Another X server. Superseded by PHSS_1060.
- PHNE_0936 - automounter, supersedes PHNE_0724.
- PHKL_0942 - NFS kernel patch, supersedes PHKL_0836, PHKL_0876. Superseded by
- PHKL_1102.
- PHSS_0945 - fix for data corruption problem on internal 660 and 1.3 disks.
- PHNE_0974 - patch for C++ IDL includes.
- PHNE_0985 - fixes to the tty subsystem.
- PHNE_1009 - Fixes socket/port disappearance
- PHNE_1010 - on -e hangs
- PHNE_1044 - fixes sendmail problems with long address lists.
- PHSS_1060 - Latest X server. Supersedes all previous ones.
- PHKL_1065 - supersedes PHKL_0900, adds fix for "node lockup" problem.
- PHNE_1070 - lan2 driver fixes for udp problems.
- PHKL_1102 - NFS rollup patch. Supersedes PHKL_0836, PHKL_0876, PHKL_0942.
- PHCO_1131 - fixes for the pathname,memory,SCSI magtape related problems
- PHCO_1138 - elm fixes. 8.05 and earlier only.
- PHSS_1183 - Motif patch.
- PHKL_1193 - kernel DMEM protection fault, file locking, nfs, diskless
- PHKL_1194 - SDS fixes for C2425 disk arrays.
- PHNE_1222 - ypmatch case insensitive matching.
- PHSS_1263 - various Omniback fixes.
- PHSS_1231 - X server.
- PHNE_1268 - EISA X25 card crash fix.
- PHSS_1301 - scopeux patch.
- PHSS_1304 - more scopeux patches.
- PHSS_1305 - X server.
- PHNE_1330 - rpc.statd, update to PHNE_0690.
- PHSS_1331 - X server.
- PHSS_1334 - libsbrr.a and .sl.
- PHSS_1342 - X server.
- PHC0_1343 - curses patch to fix typeahead.
- PHSS_1349 - Starbase patch for CRX24[Z]
- PHSS_1354 - Starbase patch for device independent polyhedron_with_data.
- PHNE_1360 - ypbind that only accepts ypset from local host
- PHSS_1378 - Motif 1.1.2 and X patches.
- PHCO_1423 - avoid unnecessary stat calls by ls.
- PHSS_1495 - various VUE patches.
- PHCO_1502 - fix for grep -f/-x.
- PHNE_1525 - gated EGP update packet fix.
- PHSS_1589 - glance/MI patch, conflict with Oracle.
- PHSS_1590 - same?
- PHCO_1611 - fbackup/frecover patch, supersedes PHCO_1131.
- PHKL_1602 - NFS mega-patch. Supersedes: PHKL_0736,PHKL_0836,PHKL_0876,PHKL_0942,PHKL_1102.
- PHCO_1624 - curses 8-bit character fix.
- PHSS_1628 - xterm inverse video problem. Supersedes PHSS_0784.
- PHSS_1634 - TVRX fix for SDRC.
- PHKL_1637 - NFS memory leak patch for 8.05.
- PHSS_1638 - Motif 1.2 internationalization locale problem.
- PHKL_1649 - absolute cursor position on ITE fix.
- PHSS_1651 - more scope ux patches.
- PHNE_1654 - X.400 megapatch.
- PHSS_1657 - Xt problems. Replaces PHSS_1510, requires PHSS_0956.
- PHSS_1660 - hpterm periodic patch. Replaces PHSS_1186, PHSS_0529.
- PHCO_1666 - ksh loop when SIGHUP trapped and window closed.
- PHSS_1679 - xterm periodic patch. Replaces PHSS_1628, PHSS_0784.
- PHNE_1682 - X.400 fixes.
- PHKL_1696 - Diskless cluster panic "Premature end of packet"
- PHNE_1710 - x.29 fixes.
- PHSS_1727 - phigs/PVRX fix.
-
- 9.0/9.01 patches
- ----------------
- PHCO_1539 - Bourne shell problem with Kanji.
- PHSS_1627 - C compiler fixes (includes fixes to optimizer).
- PHSS_1644 - NLIO fixes.
- PHCO_1689 - getpwnam problem with NIS-exluded names.
- PHSS_1699 - Timber graphics core dump.
- PHKL_1745 - diskless STREAMS support.
-
- In order to get HP-UX OS patches, you must be on HP software support.
- You can get them by calling the Response Center, or by using the "hpsl"
- tool on support.mayfield.hp.com. It will allow you to FTP patches.
- As of 10/6/92, the following patches are available on 192.6.148.19 or
- support.mayfield.hp.com:
-
- PHCO_0505 PHCO_0538 PHSS_0560 PHNE_0734 PHKL_0743 PHSS_0779 PHSS_0780
- PHSS_0784 PHSS_0788 PHNE_0818 PHNE_0899 PHKL_0901 PHKL_0902 PHNE_0936
- PHNE_0985 PHNE_1009 PHNE_1010 PHKL_1011 PHKL_1065 PHNE_1070 PHKL_1102
- PHCO_1131 PHSS_1183 PHKL_1193 PHSS_1305 PHNE_1330 PHNE_1360 PHCO_1423
-
- An HP-UX patch mailing list exists. Information is traded between
- the members about patches of interest. Note that patches themselves
- are not to be e-mailed, and there is no FTP archive of patches. To
- join the mailing list, send mail to:
-
- hpux-patch-request@cv.ruu.nl
-
- including your email address. Not all mailers generate proper return
- addresses.
-
- [ Thanks to Bart Muyzer (bartm@cv.ruu.nl) for running the mailing list ]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 12) How can I send mail to an "hpdesk" address?
-
- For a person whose DESK address is:
- JANE DOE /HP1234/XY
-
- Ignore the subentity (XY) and use the form:
- jane_doe@hp1234.desk.hp.com
-
- Send them a test message and tell them to make a note of the return address,
- as forming internet addresses on DESK is a little more complicated. If
- there is an X.400 system between you and the DESK person, what you get back
- may look like a very strange internet address, but it generally works.
-
- [ Thanks to Bob Niland (rjn@hpfcso.FC.HP.COM) for this information. ]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 13) What are the known issues with porting BSD-based programs to HP-UX?
-
- Mike Peterson (system@alchemy.chem.utoronto.ca) periodically posts
- his list of BSD-HP tricks to comp.sys.hp.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: THIRD PARTY VENDORS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1) Third party vendors for RAM.
-
- The following vendors are listed in alphabetical order. No guarantees
- are made regarding compatibility or relative merit of the vendors.
-
- Camintonn Clearpoint Research Corporation
- 22 Morgan 1000 E. Woodfield Road, Suite 102
- Irvine, CA 92718 Schaumburg, IL 60173
- (800) 843-8336 (708) 619-9227
- (714) 454-6500
-
- Concorde Technologies Dataram
- 7966 Arjons Dr. B-201 PO Box 7528
- San Diego, CA 92126 Princeton, NJ 08543-7528
- (800) 359-0282 (800) DATARAM
- (619) 578-3188 (800) 799-0071
-
- Digitial Micronics Eventide
- 2075 Corte Del Nogal 1 Alsan Way
- Unit N Little Ferry, NJ 07643
- Carlsbad, CA 92009 (201) 641-1200
-
- Helios Systems Herstal Automation
- 1996 Lundy Ave 3171 West Twelve Mile Rd.
- San Jose, CA 95131 Berkley, MI 48072
- (408) 432-0292 (313) 548-2001
- (800) 366-0283
-
- IEM Infotek Systems
- P.O. Box 1889 625 South Lincoln
- Fort Collins, CO 80522 Suite 204
- (800) 321-4671 Steamboat Springs, CO 80487
- (303) 221-3005 (800) 767-1084
-
- Intelligent Interfaces ISA Ltd
- P.O. Box 1486 1-1-5 Sekiguchi
- Stone Mountain, GA 30086-1486 Bunkyo-Ku
- (800) 842-0888 Tokyo 112 Japan
- 81-3 (5261) 1160
- US Office (Texas)
- (713) 493-9925
-
- Kelly Computer Systems Kingston Technology Corporation
- 1101 San Antonio Rd. 17600 Newhope Street
- Mountain View, CA 94043 Fountain Valley, CA 92708
- (415) 960-1010 (714) 435-2600
-
- Martech Merida Systems
- 1151 W. Valley Blvd. (617) 933-6790
- Alhambra, CA 91803-2493
- (800) 582-3555
- (818) 281-3555
-
- Newport Digital R Squared
- 14731 Franklin Avenue 11211 E. Arapahoe Rd., Suite 200
- Suite A Englewood, CO 80112
- Tustin, CA 92680 (303) 799-9292
- (714) 730-3644 (800) 777-3478
-
- [ Thanks to Roy McMorran (mcmorran@ll.mit.edu) for the info on RAM suppliers. ]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: UTILITIES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1) ASCII to Postscript converter.
-
- You can get an ASCII to Postscript converter from ftp.uu.net in the file
- /usenet/comp.sources.misc/volume10/a2ps3.Z.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2) How do I make perl on HP-UX?
-
- Reply like this to Configure:
-
- 1. When it asks for optimization flags answer
- +O1 if you have HP-UX 7.05 or less
- -O if you have HP-UX 8.0 or later.
- 2. When it asks for additional flags to cc answer
- -DJMPCLOBBER
- 3. When it asks for additional libraries answer
- -lndbm -lm (ignore the other libraries Configure finds).
- You can also safely add -lBSD if you wan't BSD signal semantics.
- 4. When it asks if you wan't to use perl's malloc answer
- y
- If you have HP-UX 8.07 or later you may choose to answer no to this since
- that malloc is OK.
- 5. When perl asks on which boundarie a double must be aligned answer
- 8 if you are on a 9000/800 or 9000/700 series machine (HP-PA
- architecture).
- 2 otherwise (Motorola 68k architecture)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 3) What is the status of the various gnu items on HP-UX?
-
- Here's a summary for HP-UX 8.07:
-
- All of the results are based on compilation with GCC 2.3.1 and not on the
- use of the HP C compiler. A section is included in the list for
- applications that did not compile with GCC but did with HP C.
-
- The last part of the listing contains the applications I can't get to
- compile. If you got them to compile with GCC 2.3.1 and can send
- me fixes, I'll include them in this list.
-
- Note: To compile GCC 2.3.1 with debugging support, you must have the
- UTAH GAS 1.36 version from jaguar.cs.utah.edu: pa-gas.u3.tar.Z.
-
- GNU products that compile fine:
- ------------------------------
- bison-1.19
- cpio-2.1
- diff-2.0
- emacs-18.58
- emacs-18.59 (had troubles with installation although it compiles OK)
- fileutils-3.4
- find-3.7
- flex-2.3.7
- gas-1.36.utah (from jaguar.cs.utah.edu pa-gas.u3.tar.Z)
- gcc-2.3.1
- gdb-4.6 (with pa-gdb-4.6.tar.Z patches from jaguar.cs.utah.edu)
- ghostscript-2.5.2 (and fonts)
- gmp-1.2
- gptx-0.2
- grep-1.6
- hello-1.1
- indent-1.6
- patch-2.0.12u8
- perl-4.035
- rcs-5.6
- sed-1.11
- shellutils-1.8
- tar-1.11
- termcap-1.1
- texi2roff-2.0
- texinfo-2.16
- textutils-1.3
-
- GNU products that don't support (yet?) HP9000/700:
- -------------------------------------------------
- dld-3.2.3
- gas-1.38.1
- gdb-4.7
- glibc-1.05
-
- GNU products that don't compile because another product doesn't:
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
- autoconf-1.2 (m4-1.0)
- groff-1.06 (libg++-2.2)
- iostream-0.50 (libg++-2.2)
- nihcl-2.2 (libg++-2.2)
-
- GNU products not yet examined (don't have time right now):
- ---------------------------------------------------------
- ae
- finger-1.37
- gnuchess-4.0
- gnugo-1.1
- gnuplot-3.2
- ispell-2.0.02
- ms-0.06
- mtools-2.0.7
- smalltalk-1.1.1
- tile-forth-2.1
- xboard-2.0
-
- GNU products not examined (and I don't plan to):
- -----------------------------------------------
- button.3.00
- c-torture-test
- dirent
- elvis-1.6 (fine on PC; don't care on HP)
- f2c-3.2.90 (compilation is more trouble than it's worth)
- fax-3.2.1 (don't have a FAX modem)
- fgrep-1.1 (too old to be interesting)
- malloc-0.1
- oleo-0.03.2 (too old to be interesting)
- readline-1.1 (GDB 4.6 readline lib compiles just fine)
- uucp-1.03 (UUCP on HP is Honey-Danber)
- vh-1.3
-
- GNU products that don't compile with GCC 2.3.1 but do with HP C:
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
- bash-1.12
- bc-1.02
- binutils-2.0
- m4-1.0
- make-3.62
- screen-3.2b
- time-1.4
- tput-1.0
-
- [thanks to Pierre Mathieu, mathieu@geod.emr.ca]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: X WINDOW SYSTEM, OSF/MOTIF, AND HP-VUE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1) X11R4 Libraries (Athena, etc.) and utilities (imake, etc.).
-
- There is a HP maintained, but UNSUPPORTED, set of X11R4 libraries and utilities
- for the HP 9000 Series 300, 400, 700, and 800. You can get the libraries,
- include files, and config files (imake) via anonymous FTP from
- hpcvaaz.cv.hp.com (15.255.72.15) in the directory pub/MitX11R4/libs.s*00.tar.Z.
- This is also archived on the iworks node as mentioned above. HP has
- also submitted X11R5 sources to the iworks node as mentioned above.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2) How can I display an image on the root window with HP-VUE?
-
- Set Vuewm*backdrop*image: none. Note that there is an explicit
- pick for this in the Style Manager with HP-VUE 3.0. When the backdrop
- is clear, you can use xloadimage, xsetroot, xv, or the like to display
- the image of your choice.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 3) How do I get a scroll bar on hpterms?
-
- Set the following resources:
-
- HPterm*scrollBar: TRUE
- HPterm*saveLines: 1024
-
- or some other other arbitrarily large number. To do this interactively, use
- "hpterm -sb -sl 1024".
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 4) How can I put a title in my hpterm titlebar?
-
- Here is a two line program that you might find useful:
-
- /* Quick and dirty program to put argv[1] in the title bar of an hpterm
- Tom Arons March 1992
- */
- #include <string.h>
- main(argc,argv)
- int argc; char **argv;
- {
- printf("\033&f0k%dD%s", strlen(argv[1]), argv[1]);
- printf("\033&f-1k%dD%s", strlen(argv[1]), argv[1]);
- }
-
- [ Thanks to Tom Arons (arons@ash.eecs.ucdavis.edu) for this item. ]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 5) How come my hpterms keep going away by themselves?
-
- You are probably using the C Shell (/bin/csh) and have autologout set (it is
- set to 60 minutes by default). Put an "unset autologout" in your ".cshrc".
-
- If you are using the korn shell it is probably due to the value set for
- the shell variable TMOUT. Set it to 0 (infinite timeout).
-
- [ Thanks to Jim Sharpe (jms@spatial.com) for the Korn Shell information. ]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 6) How come my HP X/Motif clients take a LONG time to display on a Sun?
-
- The problem is with the OW3 server. You can request OW3 patch 100444
- (or whatever is the current replacement) from Sun to fix the problem.
- Supposedly this has been rolled into OW 3.0.1. A workaround is to
- set the X resource *useColorObj: False.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: OPERATING SYSTEM
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1) Can I have filenames longer than 14 chars?
-
- Yes, change to long filenames using /etc/convertfs. You can't
- go back, though.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2) How can I tell what filesets have been loaded on my system?
-
- Check the /etc/filesets directory. There is a file there for each fileset that
- has been loaded that summarizes the files in that fileset. This directory is
- used by the /etc/update, /etc/updist, /etc/netdistd, and /etc/rmfn utilities
- for loading and unloading software.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 3) How do I safely remove software from my system?
-
- The _only_ safe way to remove HP software is to use /etc/rmfn.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 4) What's the scoop on HP-UX 9.0?
-
- [ Thanks to Larry Thompson for this information ]
-
- |> Here's some information I promised awhile back that I finally got approved
- |> through channels (probably because most of this is known by now). This
- |> should not be taken as the final OFFICAL statement on what the differences
- |> are with 9.0 or all of the differences between the s700 and s800. I think
- |> this is fairly good list of features.
- |>
- |> This was written by the folks who did s700. You will probably notice a slight
- |> favoritism toward the s700 features.
- |>
- |> Anyway I hope someone finds this interesting. (Please don't mail me asking
- |> for any follow up info. Getting permission to post this was hard enough.)
- |>
- |> Oh yeah,
- |>
- |> #include <STD_DISLAIMERS> :-)
- |>
- |> This is not an offical statement by the Hewlett-Packard Company. It is posted
- |> with permission from management for the information of our users who read this
- |> notes group and who's inputs and comments we value greatly.
- |>
- |>
- |> HP-UX 9.0 Differences
- |>
- |>
- |> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- |> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- |>
- |> Major S700/9.0 (IF3) kernel features not in S800/9.0MU
- |>
- |> SW disk striping
- |> Industry standard I/O drivers
- |> AT&T style configuration
- |> DUX: There is no diskless capability on 800/9.0MU. DUX is supported on
- |> S700, S400 and S300 only. A S700 will not boot a S800 and a S800
- |> will not boot a S700, S400 or S300. Note: DUX is not MP-safe.
- |> Graphics support:(bitmap displays, etc.) Graphics is not supported
- |> on S800/9.0MU. HP 9000 models 835,845 have been obsoleted. Note:
- |> MP-safe graphics does not yet exist.
- |> OSF AES Level2 compliant: mmap, iomap,vfork, poll(2) and Berkeley timer
- |> commands in S700/9.0 but not in S800/9.0MU.
- |> Memory mapped Files: mmap is only supported in S700/9.0. There are
- |> several calls in libc for memory mapping. Using mmap in S700/9.0
- |> wipes out binary compatibility to S800/9.0MU. Note: MP-safe mmap
- |> does not yet exist.
- |> iomap(7): iomap is an OSF1 feature and an administrative difference that
- |> is supported in the S700/9.0 but is not supported in the S800/9.0MU.
- |> It doesn't effect binary compatibility.
- |> vfork: vfork is turned on, it was turned off in 8.0. If used, it will
- |> provide greater performance on the S700/9.0. However, using
- |> vfork in the S700/9.0 wipes out binary
- |> compatibility with the S800/9.0MU.
- |> poll(2): The use of poll will wipe out binary compatibility between the
- |> S700/9.0 and the S800/9.0MU. NOTE: poll will be available with the
- |> S800 Streams product on the 9.0 HTR, Q1 '93.
- |> Berkeley Timers: New command formats to obtain time-of-day, date, etc.
- |> Code using the new command format won't work on S800/9.0MU, only on
- |> the S700/9.0.
- |> Fast Symlinks: Fast Symlinks are an OSF1 feature providing greater
- |> performance on the S700/9.0. It is an administrative difference
- |> that is not supported on the S800/9.0MU. It doesn't effect binary
- |> compatibility.
- |> User Virtual Address Space = 1.9GB: The default user virtual address
- |> space on both the S700/9.0 and S800/9.0MU is 900MB (up from 640MB in
- |> the 8.x releases). However, there is new linker option, on the
- |> S700/9.0 only, that expands the user virtual address space to 1.9GB.
- |> Dynamic Buffer Cache: Dynamic buffer cache is a performance feature and an
- |> administrative difference that will not effect binary compatibility.
- |> SCSI immediate report enabled: A S700/9.0 disk performance feature that
- |> is not supported in the S800/9.0MU. It will effect binary
- |> compatibility.
- |> EISA I/O,VME I/O support
- |> Advise: ISU product only for Apollo Domain
- |>
- |>
- |> Major S800/9.0MU kernel features not in S700/9.0
- |>
- |> LVM
- |> Powerfail
- |> MP
- |> SVID3 features(labelit, sadp, sysdef, volcopy)
- |> Disk mirroring (datapair)
- |> Switchover
- |> SAR
- |> Hard disk partitions
- |> BSD style config (uxgen)
- |> Autoconfig
- |> mpctl (MP system call)
- |> Remote access port
- |> DBsend/DBreceive
- |> Async disk I/O (Sybase)
- |> Fairshare scheduler
- |> AT&T specials (e.g. datakit)
- |> HP-FL
- |> NIO, CIO HP-IB
- |> DTC
- |> CS-80 Disk support
- |> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- |>
- |> Other 9.0 and 9.0MU differences besides kernel features.
- |>
- |> New Math libraries: libm, libM, libcl and libvec all have new versions, PA1.1.
- |> The old versions, PA1.0, are still supported. PA1.1 gives more
- |> precise results than PA1.0(a.k.a. "different results in some cases").
- |> Plus, the system defaults are different:
- |> S700/9.0 has PA1.1 as a default with PA1.0 as an option and
- |> S800/9.0MU has PA1.0 as the default with PA1.1 as the option.
- |> If reproducing results in applications from release to release is
- |> more important than performance, then PA1.0 should be used.
- |>
- |> cksum(1) utility: The CRC checksum polynomial has changed in both 9.0 and 9.0MU.
- |> This results in a different number than calculated with older
- |> versions. Any application using cksum may be impacted. Also the
- |> cksum output is now - checksum, number of octets and pathname to
- |> standard output. In previous versions, the number of blocks were
- |> reported, not the number of octets. Any application using the number
- |> of blocks that was output along with the checksum will be impacted.
- |> Blocks = # of Octets/512(Block size).
- |>
- |> X11 R5 Server: The X11 R5 server is only supported on the S700 (also S300
- |> & S400). The X11 R5 server is not supported on S800 systems.
- |>
- |>
- |> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- |>
- |> HP-UX kernel release stream comparisons
- |> ========================================
- |>
- |> WSBU GSY
- |> ---- ---
- |> Design
- |> center: Technical workload Commercial workload
- |> tuning tuning
- |>
- |> Small # of Large # of
- |> processes processes
- |>
- |> Medium/large processes Small/medium size processes
- |>
- |> I/O & interactive OLTP
- |> performance performance
- |>
- |> Low-end size High-end scalability
- |> Graphical EOU Terminal EOU
- |>
- |> Very sensitive to Less sensitive to
- |> support costs (high volume) support costs (moderate vol)
- |>
- |> Technical applications Commercial applications
- |> & non-OLTP commercial
- |>
- |> Peer-to-peer client-server PC-to-mainframe client-server
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 5) How come HP-UX doesn't support NFS root access?
-
- HP-UX versions previous to 9.0 do not support NFS root access to mounted
- file systems. This because they are at an old revision of NFS. You *can* hack
- your kernel to provide it, but it's dangerous, unsupported, and a security
- hole. 9.0 supports full NFS 4.1 functionality, including NFS root.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 6) Can I get HP-UX to try DNS ahead of NIS?
-
- This is the "standard" answer given from the Response Center:
-
- If there is only one IP address in resolv.conf and
- if the address is the local node's IP add., then NIS or /etc/hosts
- is used because the IP is reachable and named is not running.
- if the address is the name server's IP add.,
- if the address is reachable but named is not running, then
- NIS or /etc/hosts is used (the same reason)
- if the address is not reachable (eg the node is down) then
- at 7.0 NIS or /etc/hosts is used;
- at 8.0 resolution fails.
-
- If there are more than one IP address in resolv.conf, no NIS or /etc/hosts
- fallback will be used after all addresses are tried and failed.
-
- In other word, if they only configure one IP address in resolv.conf and are
- running 7.0, they should be ok.
-
- As for additional configuration ... the answer is NO, you can't get it
- to try NIS before DNS etc ...
-
- [ Thanks to Jim O'Shea at the Atlanta RC for this information. ]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 7) How come the LOGnnnn files in /usr/adm keep growing and growing?
-
- The LOGnnnn files in /usr/adm (8.x except 8.02) or /usr/adm/diag (8.02
- and 9.0) are the diagnostic event log files. Kernel drivers send data
- to the diagnostic system when certain events, usually hw/sw problems,
- occur. The diagnostic daemons (DIAGMON, DEMLOG, MEMLOGP, DIAGINIT) log
- the data to these files. There is also a MEMLOG file in the same
- directories to which MEMLOGP logs memory errors. HP Support uses the
- logged data to diagnose problems and to predict hardware failure.
-
- If the LOGnnnn files are growing (other than creating a new 40 byte file
- each time the system reboots) then something is wrong with the system.
- Often what is wrong is that the diagnostics system was improperly
- installed. Check that the following files exist for each node:
-
- /etc/mknod /dev/config c 69 0x000000
- /etc/mknod /dev/dmem c 27 0x000000
-
- There are a number of other device files (see /system/CORE-DIAG/customize)
- but I don't believe they are needed for the logging aspect of diagnostics.
-
- If you examine the contents of the log files that may give a clue as to
- what's wrong. However, the output is intended for HP Support and factory
- consumption and may not be very intelligible to customers. To examine a
- log file:
-
- $ sysdiag
- DUI> logtool
- LOGTOOL> list log=nnnn
- LOGTOOL> exit
- DUI> exit
-
- where nnnn is the numeric part of the /usr/adm/diag/LOGnnnn file name.
- The utility logtool is safe to use as far as I know but don't run any
- other utilities at the DUI prompt--you could easily adversely affect
- your system. If you have a support contract I recommend you get them
- to review your log files. There is an extensive help command within
- sysdiag and logtool.
-
- If you want to turn off diagnostic logging just remove execution
- permission for the file /usr/diag/bin/DIAGINIT. Note that if you do
- this and your system has a problem later, not having the records logged
- to diagnostics by the kernel will hamper resolution of the problem.
-
- Existing log files can be deleted at the cost of losing the data they
- contain. The highest numbered log file is the active log file and
- should not be deleted.
-
- There is a sysdiag(1M) man page. As of 9.0 there is a diaginit(1M) man
- page which documents the various daemons.
-
- [ Thanks to Wayne Krone of HP. ]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 8) How come I can't lock mail or other files on a Sun?
-
- Believe it or not, Sun's lockd is broken at 4.1.x. The proper Sun patch
- number is Patch-ID# 100075-09, called the "lockd jumbo patch".
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 9) What are the known issues with HP-UX 8.07?
-
- abs() is defined in two places for C++, stdlib.h and math.h.
- the IDL includes do not support C++ (fixed with patch PHNE_0974).
- PostScript printing from datebook (week or month) fails.
- datebook "View Year" display font is goofy looking and doesn't line up.
- statd can hang when accessing Apollo objects (fixed with PHNE_0690).
- automounter crashes when -hosts is specified (fixed with PHNE_0936).
- virtual memory performance problems (fixed with PHKL_1065).
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 10) Why are mail files in /usr/mail are owned by daemon instead of the
- recipient?
-
- The mail delivery agent /bin/rmail needs to be able to chown(2) these files.
- It cannot do so if you have removed the privilege CHOWN (see setprivgrp(1m);
- removing CHOWN is recommended to prevent cheating on disk quotas). To get
- around this, noting that /bin/rmail runs setgid to group mail, you can grant
- privilege CHOWN to group mail only by inserting the line "mail CHOWN" in
- /etc/privgroup. The change takes effect on the next reboot, or immediately
- if you execute the command "setprivgrp -f /etc/privgroup".
-
- [ Thanks to Jim Richardson (jimr@maths.su.oz.au) for this submission. ]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 11) How can I tell if I need more than a 2-user license?
-
- There are several fundamental things to remember about HP-UX licensing:
-
- o Series 700 and Series 800 users are now counted the same way
- o Display console counts as one user
- o Each ASCII terminal counts as a user, regardless of how it is
- connected
- o The LAN connection counts as one user
-
- Ascii Terminals
-
- The simple rule to remember is any ASCII terminal that is logged in counts
- as a user.
-
- ASCII terminal connections can come in several different forms:
-
- o Direct-connected via a serial terminal multiplexer
- o Connected via Data Terminal Concentrators (DTCs) or via
- terminal servers
- o Personal Computers (PCs) acting in terminal emulation mode,
- whether connected via serial line or via Local Area Network (LAN)
-
- X-terminals and workstations
-
- When a customer buys an X-terminal or workstation from HP or from
- another vendor, HP acknowledges that the customer has also bought a
- single Unix license-to-use.
-
- Therefore, the customer has the right to an unlimited number of logins and
- terminal windows _over_the_LAN_ to a Series 700 or Series 800 from either
- X-terminals or workstations. These logins can be via X terminal windows
- (_hpterm_ and _xterm_), _telnet_, _rlogin_, or other means.
-
- PC's that use X-terminal emulation software such as XView each count the
- same as an X terminal. This is because the PC essentially becomes an
- X-terminal when it is running the X server software. Therefore, when a PC
- is running an X-terminal emulator, the PC has the right to an unlimited
- number of logins to an HP-UX system.
-
- Exceptions
-
- The policy of counting DTC users is new for the Series 700.
- Customers who purchased Series 700 systems prior to HP-UX 9.0 shipments
- (late calendar 1992) and use them as host systems for multiple DTC-
- connected terminals, may continue to use those configurations without
- buying a license upgrade. An update to HP-UX 9.0 will not lock out these
- configurations.
-
- [Thanks to Tony Hart, HP]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: COMPILERS AND LINKERS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1) What's a P-FIXUP error?
-
- Several questions on comp.sys.hp lately have involved the Gnu C compiler
- and the linker message below :
-
- gcc test_h.o -o test_h ../libg++.a -lm
- ld: R_DATA_ONE_SYMBOL fixup in file ../libg++.a(streambuf.o) for code unsat
- symbol "abort" - use P' fixup
- collect: /bin/ld returned 1 exit status
-
- This is caused by the code generator emitting assembly code in a data
- subspace to initialize a function pointer, equivalent to :
-
- .word foo
-
- where (in this case) foo() is an extern, and shared libraries are referenced
- by the executable being built (usually libc.sl).
-
- The linker is being helpful by pointing out a fatal error waiting
- to happen, as function pointers are different in the presence of shared
- libraries. A different fixup is needed to generate the kind of procedure
- label that can be called. This is explained under "Procedure Labels" in
- Chapter 7 of "Programming on HP-UX" (Part # B2355-90026 E0892) and at the
- end of "Expressions" in Chapter 1 of the Assembly Language Reference Manual
- (Part # 92432-90001 E0191).
-
- There are two ways to fix this :
- 1) Change the code generation to the equivalent of :
- .word P%foo
- or
- 2) Link the program using the "-a archive" linker option. The
- easiest way to do this is via the LDOPTS environment variable :
- setenv LDOPTS "-a archive"
- - or -
- LDOPTS="-a archive"; export LDOPTS
-
- The first fixes the problem directly, generating an R_DATA_PLABEL fixup
- which is unambiguous whether shared libraries are present or not. The
- second puts you back in time to the situation before shared libraries were
- added to HP-UX. Without shared libraries HP-UX drew no distinction between
- code addresses and procedure labels - an ambiguity that the P% fixup syntax
- resolves.
-
- The reason the linker can't just fix this situation is that there are
- cases where code addresses are implicitly or explicitly desired, cases that
- are part of the motivation for having an assembler to begin with.
- Unfortunately, in this case a message designed to be helpful to an errant
- assembly programmer is instead a symptom of an out-of-date code generator,
- and is too low-level to help the people seeing it. The other alternative
- (letting the program segmentation violate at runtime with no warning) would
- be more likely to result in the user blaming the Gnu code generator instead
- of HP's linker, but otherwise very little more satisfying.
-
- [thanks to Carl Burch, HP]
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2) Where is regcmp on HP-UX?
-
- from man regcmp:
-
- regcmp and regex are kept in /lib/libPW.a, and are linked by using the
- -lc and -lPW options to the ld or cc command. See WARNINGS below.
- ...
-
- WARNINGS
- regcmp and regex are kept in /lib/libPW.a. Unfortunately,
- /lib/libPW.a also contains some functions that have the same names as
- functions contained in the default C library, /lib/libc.a. To prevent
- unexpected results due to these name conflicts, always search libc
- before searching libPW. This is done with the ld (or cc) command line
- option sequence -lc -lPW which satisifies all standard C functions
- from libc then searches libPW for the regcmp and regex functions
- (there is also an implied -lc following the explicit -lPW to satisfy
- any additional C functions required by regcmp and regex).
-
- User programs that use regcmp might run out of memory if regcmp is
- called iteratively without freeing vectors that are no longer
- required.
-
- [thanks to Andre Srinivasan, andre@cs.pitt.edu]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 3) How come the default C compiler is brain-dead?
-
- The C compiler shipped with HP-UX is intended only to rebuild the kernel
- with, not for program development. To get a "real" C compiler, you must
- buy the ANSI C program development bundle.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: HARDWARE AND PERIPHERALS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1) Are alternate keyboards available for HP workstations?
-
- Yes, HP has two keyboards available for their workstations and X Terminals.
-
- - A1099B - Workstation style keyboard (Default on workstations.)
- - A2205A - PC-101 style keyboard (Default on X Terminals.)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2) How can I play audio CDs on an HP workstation?
-
- A contributed application ("xcd") exists that presents a X-window CD player
- front panel. XCD runs on HP-UX 7.0 and 8.0, on Series 300, 400 and 700, with
- either SCSI or HP-IB CD-ROM drives. The SCSI drives must be HP-supplied or
- Toshiba XM-3201B or XM-3301B. XCD does not yet work on HP-UX 9.0.
-
- XCD is available from the InterWorks workstation user group (see above),
- on their ftp site, CD-ROM, and via DAT tape."
-
- Bob Niland of HP has volunteered to supply xcd via email. To get it from him:
-
- 1. To supply Bob with at least one known-valid email address.
- Don't rely on the return path - it often fails.
-
- 2. To indicate whether you want the MC68000 (Series 300/400) and/or
- PA-RISC (Series 700) version of XCD. XCD does not work on Series 800,
- due to lack of SCSI pass-thru and low-level HP-IB command capability.
-
- 3. Make sure your mail path won't choke on 200+Kbyte shar files.
-
- Note that source is not available.
-
- For readers in Europe: XCD is available as a contributed application
- on the "LaserPro" cdrom disc.
-
- Copies can be obtained freely through your local HP Sales office.
- Ask for the "LPO" department.
-
- [ Thanks to Bob Niland of HP. ]
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 3) How can I enable the LAN interface on a 700?
-
- This can be problem when the LAN isn't connected at boot time. To
- resolve the problem, use the "reset" command in "landiag".
-
-
-
-
-
- --
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Greg Cagle Mentor Graphics Corporation
- greg_cagle@mentorg.com Platform Technology Division
- (503)685-1570 Member of the Cultural Elite
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu soc.culture.magyar:2004 soc.culture.europe:15009 news.answers:4798
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!usenet
- From: fekete@bcvax1.bc.edu
- Newsgroups: soc.culture.magyar,soc.culture.europe,news.answers
- Subject: Hungarian electronic resources FAQ
- Supersedes: <hungarian-faq_722757619@athena.mit.edu>
- Followup-To: soc.culture.magyar
- Date: 26 Dec 1992 06:02:15 GMT
- Organization: Massachvsetts Institvte of Technology
- Lines: 100
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 8 Feb 1993 06:02:10 GMT
- Message-ID: <hungarian-faq_725349730@athena.mit.edu>
- Reply-To: fekete@bcvms.bc.edu
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pit-manager.mit.edu
- X-Last-Updated: 1992/05/15
-
- Archive-name: hungarian-faq
- Last-modified: 1992/05/14
- Version: 0.1
-
- Updated versions of these Frequently Asked Questions of Hungarian interest
- (with some answers) are posted to Usenet and the email lists concerned
- about every two weeks.
-
- -Q: What services are available in Hungarian language?
- -A: a number of them from Hollosi Information Exchange. Email to
- gtoth@phoenix.princeton.edu with Subject: HIX and in the body of the mail put
- HELP or SUBS service-name, for getting help or subscribing, resp. The
- postings are sent out daily in digested form. The HIX server can also send
- out archived files - use HELP SENDDOC to learn about this feature.
- -----------------------------------------------------------
- HIRMONDO -- daily news (edited in Budapest)
- Radios Hirek -- news summary from the Hungarian Radio
- SZALON -- moderated political discussion forum
- FORUM -- unmoderated political discussion forum
- TIPP -- politics-free discussion, tips etc.
- ===========================================================
- - my server ZFIX handles user-configurable email discussion:
- AGORA; to get its description in Hungarian send email to fekete@bcvms.bc.edu
- with Subject: AGORA$SEGITS (the body of these messages gets ignored).
-
- -Q: Are there Hungarian-related services in (primarily) English?
- -A: HUNGARY@UCSBVM is a discussion group designed to provide a means of rapid
- communication between all those with interests in Hungarian issues. To
- subscribe to the discussion group, send an e-mail message, without any
- subject, to the list server address, "listserv@ucsbvm.bitnet" containing the
- single line:
- subscribe hungary your name
- with your own name inserted in place of the phrase "your name."
- Once you have subscribed, any messages which you want to send to the group
- should be sent to the group address, "hungary@ucsbvm.bitnet".
-
- -Q: what about Usenet?
- -A: [Glad you asked :-)] There is soc.culture.magyar - with discussion mostly
- in English, sometimes bilingual, and occasionally Hungarian posts. If you're
- not using Usenet, ask around your site - it's available on many (if not most)
- Internet hosts, normally known as network news service. If you're under Unix,
- try the newsreaders rn, nn, vn or trn; under other operation systems it may
- be newsreader or of similar name. If you don't have local access, try TELNET
- bbs.acs.unc.edu or freenet-in-a.cwru.edu, where you can request permanent
- guest account with Usenet privileges (among other things).
- If you want to receive soc.culture.magyar posts by email, you'd get them from
- AGORA (see above) - or can request separately emailing to fekete@bcvms.bc.edu
- with Subject: ZFIX$SUBS=SCM.
- To learn more about Usenet use the archive site pit-manager.mit.edu - start
- with the file /pub/usenet/news.answers/news-answers-intro ( that lists a
- number of alternative archives located in Europe as well).
- If you do not have anonymous ftp access, you can access the archives
- by mail server as well. Send an E-mail message to
- mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu with "help" and "index" in the body on
- separate lines for more information.
-
- -Q: Are there any other connections with Hungary, such as BBS networks
- (Fidonet etc.), Internet Relay Conferences (IRC) and so one?
- -A: I have no definite answer for these (although heard mentioning them),
- please someone enlighten us!
-
- -Q: How to contact someone in Hungary by email?
- -A: If you do not know the address, that may be an even taller order then for
- most of the Internet. Hint: the audience of TIPP (see above) is probably the
- best - and that of Usenet is the worse to ask for help given the distribution
- of readers.
-
- -Q: How to handle the Hungarian accented letters?
- -A: There is a number of solutions, mostly based on TeX. For starters check
- out SENDDOC programs etex.Z and hion.Z from HIX (see above) and also the
- babel system for LaTeX with Hungarian specific option, available from FTP
- sites kth.se or goya.dit.upm.es.
-
- -Q: What's the single most important tool in locating useful files in the
- wilderness of Internet archives (I realize it's not a Hungarian question)?
- -A: It's undoubtedly ARCHIE! Telnet to one of the following servers, login
- archie and type help to get you started (and amazed).
- archie.ans.net (USA [NY])
- archie.rutgers.edu (USA [NJ])
- archie.sura.net (USA [MD])
- archie.unl.edu (USA [NE])
- archie.mcgill.ca (Canada)
- archie.funet.fi (Finland/Mainland Europe)
- archie.au (Australia)
- archie.doc.ic.ac.uk (Great Britain/Ireland)
- Email access is possible thru archie@<INSERT ONE OF ABOVE ADDRESSES HERE>, put
- Subject: help
-
- -Q: How should I send suggestions, hatemail etc. concerning this FAQ?
- -A: I hereby solicit any additions, corrections, suggestions or questions. My
- primary email address is fekete@bcvms.bc.edu. *Please* note that due to the
- high volume of email I regularly have to sift messages without attentive and
- informative Subject: get deleted without reading (and putting "READ THIS"
- wouldn't do any good ;-) )! Begin the Subject: line with the string ZFIX$KERDES
- (followed by a descriptive subject of your choice) to enable automatized mail
- handling.
-
- -- Zoli Fekete fekete@bcvms.bc.edu
- "For my assured failures and derelictions, I ask pardon beforehand
- of my betters and my equals in my calling." - Rudyard Kipling
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu soc.culture.indian:108522 news.answers:4709
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!stanford.edu!ames!sun-barr!male.EBay.Sun.COM!exodus.Eng.Sun.COM!exodus.Eng.Sun.COM!news
- From: vikas@deolali.Eng.Sun.COM (Vikas Deolaliker)
- Newsgroups: soc.culture.indian,news.answers
- Subject: [soc.culture.indian] FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
- Supersedes: <scifaq_722278802@deolali>
- Followup-To: poster
- Date: 20 Dec 1992 16:59:27 GMT
- Organization: Sun Microsystems Inc., Mountain View, CA
- Lines: 1100
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu (Jonathan I. Kamens)
- Distribution: world
- Expires: 2 Feb 1993 17:00:02 GMT
- Message-ID: <scifaq_724870802@deolali>
- Reply-To: vikas@deolali.Eng.Sun.COM (Vikas Deolaliker)
- NNTP-Posting-Host: deolali
-
- Archive-name: india-faq
-
- ***** ANSWERS TO FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS *********
-
- READ THIS BEFORE YOU POST A QUERY.
-
- This message is automatically posted once a month. Hopefully this
- will reduce the amount of repetitive junk that is posted on sci.
- If you have answers to frequently asked questions that you would
- like included in this posting, Please send me mail. If you don't
- want to see this article ever again, Please add this subject line
- in your kill file.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- This posting was last Revised: "@(#)scifaq 1.29 20 Oct 1992"
- Revised/New Categories are marked with asterik(*) for your con-
- vienience.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- =================================================================
- NOTE:
- This FAQ posting is now in USENET digest format. If you are
- using "rn" (or it derivatives) to read news ^G (Ctrl- G) will
- take you to the next question. If you are using any other news
- reader search for the next line that begins with "Subject:".
- =================================================================
-
- *****************************************************************
- This periodic posting is now archived. It is available via
- anonymous ftp from
- pit-manager.mit.edu (18.172.1.27)
- OR
- sending email to
- mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu with
- Subject: send usenet/soc.culture.indian/FREQUENTLY_ASKED_QUESTIONS
- ******************************************************************
- If you find that you need some detail info on any of these topics
- Please post the article, complile the information and send it to
- me. If you find some information outdated/erroneous Please let me
- know.
-
-
-
- Thank You,
-
-
- Vikas Deolaliker
-
- vikas@sun.com
-
- *****************************************************************
-
-
- Contents:
-
- 1) Information on Passport Renewals
- 2) Addresses of Indian Consulates in US
- 3) Information on Remitting Money to India
- 4) Misc Junk..
- 5) Indian Books and Magazines
- 6) Indian Newspapers Subcriptions
- 7) Indian e-mail Addresses
- 8) Shortwave Radio Frequencies
- 9) Visitors Visa
- 10) Visitors Medical Insurance.
- 11) Custom Regulations
- 12) Tourist Information
- 13) Pal to Secam Conversion
- 14) Sending Flowers to India
- 15) Printing Indian Language Texts using TeX and/or PostScript
- 16) Addresses of U.S Consulates in India
- 17) Visa Cutoff Date
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 1) Information on Passport Renewal
-
- The Passport can be renewed anytime.
-
- It is very important to contact the Indian Consular Office which has
- jurisdiction over your state of residence. The PROCEDURES FOLLOWED BY
- DIFFERENT CONSULAR OFFICES DO VARY. Some consular offices accept personal
- checks.
-
- They charge $6.00.
-
- You also need to affix proper return postage on a self-addressed envelope
- for registered mail.
-
-
-
- PROCEDURES FOR RENEWING INDIAN PASSPORTS
- This is a summary of an ad placed by the Indian consulate, San Francisco
- in Jan 1991.
- You can get application forms by calling up 415-291-1403 at any time,
- leaving your name and address on the answering machine.
- Passports can be renewed any time between one year before and one year
- after the date of expiry. If the passport is already 10 years old, a new
- booklet is issued for which 3 photos are required along with the old
- passport. The fee for renewal or new booklet is $6. New passports are
- valid for 10 years.
- If your passport is lost or damaged, you have to make a special appli-
- -cation (6 copies and 7 photos)
- They accept personal checks.
-
- THE BOTTOM LINE
-
- CALL THE CONSULATE WHICH OFFERS NRI SERVICES TO YOUR REGION
- AND ASK THEM FOR THE DETAILS.
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 2) Addresses of Indian Consulates in US
-
- STATES ADDRESS
- ====== ===========================
- Alabama, Delaware, Dist. Of Columbia, Embassy Of India
- Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, 2536 Massachusetts Ave. NW,
- Maryland, Mississipi, Arkansas, Tenness Washington DC 20008.
- Virginia, W. Virginia & the Bahamas Tel. 202-939-7000/9839
- North Carolina, South Carolina.
-
- Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Consulate General Of India,
- New Hampshire, New Jersy, Newyork, Ohio, 3 East 64 Street,
- Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, New York, NY 10021
- Vermont, Virgin Islands. Tel. 212-879-7800
-
- Alaska, Arizona,Hawaii, Nebraska, New Mexico, Consulate General of India,
- New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, 540 Arguello Blvd.
- Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Kansas, Colorado, SAN FRANSISCO, CA 94118.
- Montana, Idaho, California. Tel. 415-668-0683
-
- Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Consulate General Of India,
- North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Missouri.150 North Michigan Ave. #1100
- CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60601
- Tel: 312-781-6280
-
-
- Phone Ext:
-
- Washington, D.C
-
- Indian Embassy: 202-939-7000 (Main Number)
- -7061 (I don't know for which dept.)
- -7066 (Passport Enquiries: after 2:00 pm)
- -7065 (To verify whether they have sent back the
- passport, after you send it to them for
- extension. Contact: Mrs. Nagarathnam)
- -7068 (Birth Certifcate: Contact Mr.Seti)
- -7060 (Contact Mr.Karry - I don't know for what)
- -9806 (For Customs/Duty Information)
- -9850 (For Passport Renewal)
-
-
- Chicago:
-
- 1. Consulate General of India-----312-781-6280
- 2. Consul Commerce----------------312-781-6274
- 3. Consul General-----------------312-781-6271
- 4. Passport Section---------------312-781-6268
- 5. Vice Counsel-Passport, Visa----312-781-6288
- 6. Visa Section-------------------312-781-6289
- 7. India Govt. tourist Office-----312-236-6899
- 312-236-7869
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 3) Information on Remitting Money to India
-
- There are three major banks which advertise regularly in India
- Abroad. These banks offer wide variety of services including CDs
- and money transfer facilities to India. Since the banking poli-
- cies change everyday, it is best that you get the latest informa-
- tion from the banks themselves. Their toll free numbers are list-
- ed as follows.
-
- i) State Bank of India
- New York California
- 1 (800) 227-4309 1 (213) 623-7250 (L.A.)
- 1 (212) 735-9600 (Park Ave) 1 (213) 865 5009 (Artesia)
- 1 (718) 445-3900 (Flushing)
-
-
- Chicago Washington
- 1 (800) 621-1299 1 (202) 296-4061
- 1 (312) 621-1200
-
-
- ii) Citibank India Investments
- Call 1 (800) CITI-NRI for NRE,FCNR accounts
- 1 (800) 248-4674
- Call 1 (716) 634-2390 for application for rupee draft.
- iii) American Express
- Call 1 (800) 688-5494
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 4) Misc. Junk
-
- i) If you need the toll free number of any company in USA PLEASE call
- 1 + (800) + 555-1212. They will even thank you for using their company.
- ii) If you need to call directory assistance of any state call
- 1 + (area code of the state ) + 555-1212. You should however know
- which city in that state your friend lives in.
- iii) For local assistance call 411. Again you should know the city.
- iv) If you need the STD code of any city in India call the AT&T operator
- dial 0+0 (In most of the places ).
-
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 5) Indian Books and Magazines
-
-
- There are a lot of good Indian magazines but I only have information on
- these . If you all know how to subscribe and how much damage it does to
- our pocket books, Please let me know .
-
-
- ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY OF INDIA
- The General Manager (RMD)
- The Times of India
- Dr. D.N. Road
- Bombay 400001
- India
- Rs. 1560-00 (by air)
- Rs. 620-00 (by sea)
-
-
-
-
- DHARMAYUG
-
- (1) 10-Dariyaganj, New Delhi - 110 002
- (2) 139, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-380 009
- (3) 13/1, Goverment Place East, Calcutta -69
- (4) Gangagruh, 3rd Floor, 6-D Nungambakkam High Road,
- Madras - 600 034
- (5) 40/1 S&B Towers, 88, M.G.Road, Bangalore 560 001
- (6) 407/1 Tirath Bhavan, Carter Gate, Pune-411 002
-
- UK Bch: P.O.Box 57, Gloucester GL2 6DS, UK.
- Tel (0452) 306546
-
-
- INDIA TODAY
- India Today International
- Living Media India Ltd.
- 404 Park Avenue South
- New York, NY 10016
- 212-481-0040
- 212-779-8206 (FAX)
- Subscription - $49 payable to Living Media India Ltd.
-
- EPW
- Economic and Political Weekly
- Hitkari House,
- 284 Shahid BhagatSingh Marg,
- Bombay 400 038
- India
- Cost: $80 p.a checks o.k
-
- BUSINESS INDIA
-
- Wadia Bldg,
- 17/19 Dalal Street,
- Fort, Bombay 400 001
- India
- Tel + 91 (22) 27-4161/27-1558
-
-
-
- MAIL ORDER BOOKS
-
- South Asia Books
- P.O. Box 502
- Columbia, Missouri 65205
- (314) 474 0116
-
- The Asia Society/"Bookmarks"
- 725 Park Ave.
- New York, NY 10021
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 6) Indian Newspapers
-
- If you want to stay in touch with events back home, the simplest
- alternative is to subscribe to one of the Indian papers published in the
- US. The two best known are INDIA ABROAD and INDIA WEST.
-
- INDIA ABROAD
- 43 West 24th Street,7th floor
- New York
- NY 10010
- 212-929-1762
- (There are three US editions, Eastern, Midwest and Western, besides
- Canadian and British editions. Specify which edition you want.)
- Subscription:6 months $15, 12 months $26
-
- INDIA WEST
- 5901 Christie Avenue, Suite 301
- Emeryville,CA 94608
- 415-652-3552
- Subscription: 6 months $15, 12 months $25, 24 months $45.
- They accept Visa/MC
-
- The following dealer advertises that they supply all Indian newspapers and
- magazines, as well as books. Ask them for their price list.
-
- INDO-US BOOKS AND JOURNALS INC.
- 35-52 73rd Street
- Jackson Heights
- NY 11372
- For Subscription info Call Mr Singh (7:00pm - 9:00pm EST)
- (718) 899-5590
-
-
- "The Hindu" International Edition can be obtained from
-
- The Hindu,
- Kasturi Bldg,
- 859/860 Anna Salai,
- Madras 600002
- India
-
- For USA and Canada
- M/s Peekay International Inc.,
- 4-40, 44th Drive, Long Island City,
- New York, NY, 11101, U.S.A.
- Tel : (718) 786-4460
- Telex : 4933794 SHREE
- Fax : (718) 786-5512.
-
- For U.K. and Europe
- Parry Murry & Co. Ltd.
- Prudential House, 9th Floor,
- Wellesley Road, Croydon,
- LONDON CRO 9XY, United Kingdom.
- Tel: 01-681-5441/2
- Telex: 266874-UBIQUE G.
-
- Annual Subscription rates (by Airmail from Madras) effective 9th June, 1990.
-
- U.S. $42-00 or Br. 26.00 pounds.
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 7) INDIAN E-MAIL ADDRESSES
-
-
- ***** A NOTE ABOUT "FINGER"ing INDIAN SITES*******
-
- NCST has not received information for shiva.ernet.in and thus
- finger @shiva.ernet.in FAILS.
-
- First of all, it is *NOT* like the finger of UNIX systems. It is just a
- database maintained at NCST - a database that has enough info.
-
- To get info and help about email addresses in India, type
-
- % whois -h sangam.ernet.in help
-
- For a list of all the nodes in India, type
-
- % whois -h sangam.ernet.in "" # The double quotes are essential
-
- This w'd give info regarding the nodes presently represented in the
- data base maintained by the NCST people at Bombay.
-
- For a list of the nodes present in a given city, type
-
- % whois -h sangam.ernet.in city_name
-
- where city_name can be part/whole of the city u wish to send mail to.
- for eg. for a list of all node names in bangalore, try
- % whois -h sangam.ernet.in bang
-
- Once the exact node name is known, to obtain the login name of the
- person you wish to contact,
-
- % whois -h sangam.ernet.in name_of_the_person@node_name
-
- where name_of_the_person can be part/whole of the person's last/first
- or middle name [ Nick names not allowed :-) ]
-
- All searches are case-insensitive.
-
- The NCST people are maintaining this database as a service to the public.
- It is not polite to flood the postmaster's mailbox with
- requests regarding the database and with requests for forwarding the mail.
- If the database FAILS to answer your query ONLY THEN send mail to
-
- postmaster@the_node_u_want_to_send_mail.ernet.in
-
- The internet address of shakti.ernet.in is 144.16.1.1
-
- ********************************************************
-
- SITES IN INDIA
-
-
- +============== ADDRESSING INDIAN SITES FROM OUTSIDE INDIA ==============+
- | |
- | If you are at a site that can | USER@SITE.ernet.in |
- | handle domains | |
- |------------------------------------------------------------------------|
- | If you are at a site that can't | ...!uunet!UUCP-PATH!USER |
- | handle domains | |
- |------------------------------------------------------------------------|
- | Where: UUCP-PATH - is the uucp path for the site. See list below. |
- | USER - recipient's mail name on the destination host. |
- | SITE - recipient's site name on the (ERNET) network. |
- | |
- | Note: Users using the C-shell under Unix systems may have to quote |
- | the "!" characters in the mail address. This can be done by |
- | using "\!" in place of "!". |
- +========================================================================+
-
- Each site is required to have a postmaster who can answer general
- inquiries about users and hosts at that site.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- SITE ORGANISATION/INSTITUTION UUCP-PATH
- ==== ======================== =========
-
- AHMEDABAD:
- iimahd Indian Institute of Management shakti!iimahd
- plasma Institute for Plasma Research shakti!plasma
- prl Physical Research Labs shakti!prl
-
- BANGALORE:
- cdacb Centre for Development of Advanced Comp shakti!vigyan!cdacb
- cdotb Centre for Development of telematics shakti!vigyan!cdotb
- cedtcal CEDT, REC - Calicut shakti!vigyan!cedtcal
- cmmacs Center for Math Modelling & Comp. Simln. shakti!vigyan!cmmacs
- crlbel Central Res. Lab., Bharat Elec. Ltd. shakti!crlbel
- csirb Council for Sci. & Industrial Research shakti!vikram!csird!csirb
- cdacb Centre for Development of Advanced Comp. shakti!cdacb
- erdc ER & DC, Trivandrum
- iiap Indian institute for Astrophysics shakti!vigyan!iiap
- iimb Indian Institute of Manangement, Bang
- iisc Indian Institute of Science
- isac ISRO Satellite Centre, Bang.
- isibang Indian Statistical Institute
- isro ISRO
- itibang Indian Telephone Industries, Bang
- kmc KMC
- mku Bio-Informatics Centre, Madurai Kamraj
- ncb NCST's Office in Bangalore shakti!ncb
- also Natl. Ctr. for Software Development shakti!ncb
- nttf Nettur Tech Training Foundation
- psgtech PSG College of Tech, Coimbatore
- psi PSI Data Products, Bang
- sjce SJ College of Eng, Mysore
- swabiman Aeronautical Development Agency
- tifrbng TIFR Centre, IIS Campus, Bang
- vigyan Indian Inst. of Sci. - Comp. Centre shakti!vigyan
- vidya Indian Inst. of Sci. - KBCS Group shakti!vigyan!vidya
- vidyut Indian Inst. of Sci. - EE Department shakti!vigyan!vidyut
- yantra Centre for AI and Robotics shakti!yantra
- vigyan Raman Research Institute shakti!vigyan!rri
-
- BOMBAY:
- agni IG Institute of Development Research shakti!agni
- barct1 Bombay Atomic Research Centre
- iitb Indian Institute of Technology, Powai shakti!iitb!cc
- iitb Indian Inst. of Technology - CC I cc.iitb.ernet.in
- iitb Indian Inst. of Technology - cse cse.iitb.ernet.in
- iitb Indian Inst. of Technology - ee ee.iitb.ernet.in
- cmcb CMC Ltd
- ncst National Centre for Software Tech
- nitie Natl. Inst. for Trg. in Industr. Engg. shakti!nitie
- sameer Soc. for Applied Microwave Electronic shakti!betaal!dhr
- Engineering and Research uv!sameer
- shakti Nat'l. Centre for Software Technology shakti
- tarang Society for Appl. Microwave Engg. shakti!betaal!tarang
- tifr Tata Institute of Fundamental Research shakti!tifr
- tifrvax Tata Institute of Fundamental Research shakti!tifrvax
- xtech St. Savier's Technical Institute
-
- CALCUTTA:
- bose SN Bose Natl. Ctr. for Basic Sciences shakti!bose
- isical Indian Statistical Institute shakti!isical
- kbcscal Indian Statistical Inst. (KBCS Group) shakti!kbcscal
- saha Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- veccal Variable Energy Cyclotron shakti!veccal
-
- CHANDIGARH:
- imtech Institute of Microbial Technology shakti!vikram!imtech
-
- DELHI:
- aiims All india institute of medical sciences shakti!vikram!aiims
- altos Altos Computers Pvt. Ltd.
- cdotd Centre for Development of Telematics shakti!vikram!cdotd
- cmcdel CMC, Delhi shakti!vikram!cmcdel
- cmetd Centre for railway information sys
- cris Centre for Railway Information System shakti!vikram!cris
- csird Council for Sci. & Industrial Research shakti!vikram!csird
- doe Department of Electronics
- doehq DOE HQ, Lok Nayak Bhavan
- ertle Ertl East, Calcutta
- ignca Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts
- iitd Indian Inst. Of Technology- CS
- insa Indian National Scientific Academy
- insdoc Indian National Scientific Documentation
- isid Indian Statistical Institute
- isidev Institute for Studies in Industrial Dev
- jnuniv Jawaharlal Nehru University
- netearth Indian Inst. Of Tech- CS
- nifm National inst for Financial Management shakti!vikram!nifm
- nmc National Microelectronics Council, DOE
- nsc Nuclear Science Centre
- piyush Controller General of Accounts
- pranjan Controller General of Accounts
- seco Seco &* CG Division, DOE
- tifac Tech., Infor and forecasting
- vikram Dept. of Electronics, Govt. of India shakti!vikram
- iitd Indian Inst. of Technology- CS Dept. I shakti!vikram!iitd
- iqbal Natl. Assn. of Software & Service Cos. shakti!vikram!iqbal
- wapcos Water and Power Consultancy
-
- HYDERABAD:
- cmch CMC Limited shakti!cmch
- uohyd University of Hyderabad
-
- KANPUR:
- iitk Indian Inst. of Technology - I shakti!iitk
- kalyan Indian Inst. of Technology - III shakti!vikram!kalyan
-
- KHARAGPUR:
- iitkgp Indian Institute of Technology shakti!iitkgp
- sys320 Indian Institute of Technology
-
- MADRAS:
-
- imsc The Institute of Mathematical Sciences shakti!shiva!imsc
- iitm Indian Inst. of Technology
- shiva Indian Inst. of Technology- CS Dept. shakti!shiva
- ssf SPIC Science Foundation shakti!shiva!ssf
- School of Mathematics
-
- NAGPUR:
- nerri National Env. Eng. Research Inst.
-
- PILANI:
- bits Birla Institute of Tech.
-
- PUNE:
- cwprs Centre Water and Power Research Station
- gmrt Giant Metre-Wave Radio Telescope shakti!gmrt
- iucaa Inter-Univ Ctr. for Astronomy & Asphys. shakti!iucaa
- ncl National Chemical Lab
- parcom Centre for Development of Advanced Comp. shakti!parcom
- unipune University of Poona, CS Department shakti!unipune
- trddc Tata Research
-
- SURATKAL
-
- krec Karnataka Regional Engineering College shakti!krec
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 8) Shortwave Radio Frequencies:
-
- Reception report based upon last two weeks in Tucson.
-
- * All times are GMT
- * ++ means station continue before/after given time.
-
- =======================================================================
- BBC
- =======================================================================
- Bengali 1330:1400 9605 ,11920 ,15245
- Hindi 1400:1445 7235 ,9605 ,11920 ,15245
- Pushto 1445:1515 15245
- Urdu 1515:1600 9605 15245
- Bengali 1630:1700 9605 ,11750 ,15245
- Hindi 1715:1730 9605 ,11750
- Urdu 1730:1745 9605 ,11750
-
- =======================================================================
- VOA
- =======================================================================
- Pushto 0000:0030 7105 11780
- Hindi 0030:0100 7105 , 11780 ,15210 ,17780 ,21475
- Hindi 0100:0130 17780 ,21475
- Urdu 0100:0130 7105 , 11780
- Urdu 1330:1430 11805 ,15435 ,17875 ,21520
- Pushto 1430:1515 7295 , 11845 ,15435 , 21520
- Dari 1515:1600 7295 , 11845 ,15435 , 21520
- Bengali 1600:1700 9590 ,11880
-
- ========================================================================
- Voice of Germany
- ========================================================================
- Urdu 1430:1515 9615 ,11785 ,15105 ,15240 ,15595 ,17825
- Hindi 1515:1600 9615 ,11785 ,15105 ,15240 ,15595 ,17825
-
- ========================================================================
- Radio Pakistan
- ========================================================================
- News 0230:0245 15114.5, 17640, 21730
- Islamabad 1000:1330++ 9644.5
- Urdu 1330:1530 13665 ,15605 ,17554.5
- News 1600:1630 13665 ,15605 ,17554.5
-
- >From 0230-0245 and 1615-1630 are news at slow speed.
- ========================================================================
- All India Radio
- ========================================================================
- 9910 0000:0115 English
- 9610 0130:0230++ Urdu Service
- 15120,11830 0130:0250++ News in various languages
- 15020,9700 1300:1500 Sinhalese
- 11620 1300:1610++ News in various languages
- 9565 1330:1500 English
- 10030,9950,7412 1330:1450++ News in various languages
- 11620 ++2030:2230 English
-
- =======================================================================
- Radio Afghanistan (Relayed from USSR)
- =======================================================================
- Pushto 0200:0300 9555 ,11770
- Persian 0300:0400 9555 ,11770
-
- Shaikh M Javed
-
-
- Also, here is the subscription blurb from London Calling monthly magazine
- (the programme journal of the BBC World Service in English). This is a
- neat little magazine with introductions to BBC programs for the month and
- also the frequencies chart for the whole world:
-
- LONDON CALLING is available in all parts of the world at an annual
- subscription rate of 12 pound (US$20). Write to Rosemarie Reid at this
- address:
-
- LONDON CALLING,
- PO Box 76, Bush House, Strand,
- London, England, WC2B 4PH
-
- For a free copy of London Calling call/write
- BBC,
- 630 5th Avenue,
- N.Y, N.Y 10111-0002
- (212) 581-7100
-
- A pointer to an anonymous ftp site for Radio programs/Freq listings:
-
- nic.funet.fi: /pub/dx/schedules
-
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 huopio ftp 17744 Sep 24 20:11 air.txt
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 huopio ftp 3602 Jan 4 22:06 australia.txt
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 huopio ftp 36052 Dec 2 06:32 bbc-english.txt
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 huopio ftp 17636 Aug 1 10:49 bbc-programs.txt
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 huopio ftp 5561 Oct 12 15:54 rpakistan.txt
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 huopio ftp 3708 Jan 4 22:46 sri.txt
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 huopio ftp 35878 Jan 4 22:51 voa-freq.txt
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 9) VISITOR VISA INFORMATION:
-
- Information on the documents required for visitor's visa to USA :-
-
- When the person you are inviting applies to the consulate for the
- visitor's visa, he/she has to show documents indicating your
- financial capability to support their visit for the specified
-
- duration.It seems the consulate people are more concerned about
- potential immigrants, rather then financial capability.
-
- (1) Form I-134.
- Affidavit of Support (this form is printed by U.S. Department
- of Justice. Immigration and Naturalization Service) The Form-134
- must be filled completely and Notarized.
- (2) Bank Balance statement (copy)
- (3) A letter of verification of employment. (copy)
- (4) A valid visa. (H-1 if working etc) (copy)
-
- You only need to send copies of items 2, 3 and 4. They are not
- a must, but they will prove that you have sufficient funds to take
- care of the visitors during their visit, which in turn will make
- getting the visa a little easier.
-
- ** Note **
- The INS office in San Francisco informed me that I need to send
- Form I-134 and a personal letter of invitation to my parents. They
- then have to take it to the American Embassy.
-
- To get the form I-134 call your local INS office.
-
-
- For information of Federal Government Services.
- eg. phone number of American Consulate in gondwanaland.
- Call
- 1 (800) 726-4995
-
- VISA BY MAIL!!!
- If the visitors are over 50 years of age they can MAIL all
- these things along with their passports to the nearest US consulate,
- else they will have to go in person.
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 10) VISITOR MEDICAL INSURANCE
-
- The Companies who provide such insurance are listed below. You simply must
- contact them for further information.
-
- INDIA
-
- Bombay:
-
- General Insurance Corporation of India
- Industrial Assurance Building
- Churchgate, Bombay 400 020
-
- Subsidiaries:
- National Insurance Co. Ltd.
-
- New India Assurance Co. Ltd,
- New India Assurance bldg,
- 87 M.G. Road, Fort, Bombay-400 023.
-
- Delhi:
-
- Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd.
- Oriental House,
- P.B. No. 7037,
- A-25/27 Asaf Ali Road,
- New Delhi-110002.
-
-
- Madras:
-
- United India Insurance Company
- 24 Whites Road
- Madras 600014
- The claims are handled by a company called Mercury in
- USA - tel# (800) 527-2586
-
- Calcutta:
-
- National Insurance Co. Ltd.
- 1, Shakespeare Sarani (AC Market)
- 6th Floor,
- Calcutta
- Head Office: 3 Middleton Street Calcutta.
-
-
- USA
-
-
- First Farwest Insurance
- 400 SW Sixth Ave
- Portland, OR 97204
- ph: (503)224-7740
-
-
- Travel Insurance Services
- Box 299, Walnut Creek, CA 94596
- 800-227-2432
- (415) 932-1387
-
-
- Community Insurance Agency
- Broker/President Ramesh Patel, 3116 W. Devon Ave., Suite 203,
- Chicago IL 60659.
- 1-800-344-9540
-
- Rupa Insurance Agency
- 1939 Lincoln Hwy,
- Edison NJ 08817
- 1-800-GET-RUPA
-
- International Visitor's Trust
- Washington D.C.
- (416) 928-4500
-
- International Health Insurance Trust
- Administered by the Smith-Sternau Organization, Inc.
- 1255 23rd St., N.W., Suite 300, Washington D.C. 20037.
- 1-800-368-5969
-
- Massachussets Indemnity and Life Insurance Co.
- 9200 WATSON ROAD, ST. LOUIS, MO 63126.
- (314)-849-5555.
-
-
- Blue Cross / Blue Shield.
-
- Nationwide
-
-
- *******************************************************************
- *******************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 11) CUSTOM REGULATIONS
-
-
- NEW BAGGAGE RULES
- Foreign tourists, NRIs and Indians travelling abroad can now bring in
- electronic diaries, video cameras, CD players, laptop computers and
- colour TVs of 15 cm screen by paying the usual customs duty.
- Travellers will now enjoy enhanced duty-free allowance worth Rs 3,000
- and Rs 150,000 in case of transfer of residence.
- The duty-free allowance for Indians travelling abroad for more than three
- days has been raised from Rs 2,400 to 3,000.
- The TR rules have been made more flexible by condoning a shortfall of the
- required stay of up to 1 year in special cases. A Collector of Customs
- can sanction this shortfall up to 2 months.
- 13 consumer durables like VCRs, color TV and airconditioners worth Rs 150,000
- would now be allowed under the TR rules and Rs 30,000 under mini-transfer
- rules. This will apply even if the items are purchased at the transit points
- while returning to India.
-
- OTHER CHANGES IN CUSTOMS REGULATIONS
- Import duties for allopathic drugs are reduced from 110% to 80%, and
- for homeopathic drugs from 65% to 40%.
- Self-assessment of goods would be permitted for established importers as well
- as government undertakings where there are no disputes about classification.
- This could be described as a "green channel" as the goods would usually
- be cleared without scrutiny, though there would be occasional spot checks.
- Chemical testing, where necessary, will now be done at various
- laboratories in the private and public sector as well as the existing
- customs laboratories.
-
- CARRYING GOLD TO INDIA
- Gold including ornaments, except those studded with stones or pearls,
- will be allowed to be imported as a part of baggage by passengers of
- Indian origin subject to certain conditions. The quantity of gold
- imported will not exceed 5 kg per passenger and he should have stayed
- abroad for a period of atleast six months. The import duty is, to be
- paid in convertible foreign currency, Rs. 220.00 for 10 grams of gold
- in any form (ornaments or coins).
-
- CALL YOUR NEAREST CONSULATE AND THEY WILL GLADLY MAIL YOU ACCURATE AND UP
- TO DATE INFORMATION .
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 12) Tourist Information
-
-
- The goverment of India, Department of Tourism has offices in many countries
- to provide tourist information to people who wish to take their vacation
- in India. They are called India Tourist Office. I found the address of some
- and I am sure there must be others in USA. If somebody knows let me know.
-
-
- New York
-
- India Tourist Office
- 30 Rockefellar Plaza,
- Suite 15,
- North Mezzanine,
- New York, NY 10012.
-
- L.A.
- India Tourist Office
- 3550 Wilshire Blvd.,
- Suite #204,
- Los Angeles,
- CA 90010-2485
- (213) 380-8855
- Chicago
- India Tourist Office
- (312) 236-6899
- (312) 236-7879
-
- Call this office for a brochure. They are some great plans that you probably
- never knew existed. Most of them are however for NRI or Foreign Citizens and
- require payment in Dollars.
-
- INDRAIL PASS
-
- The Indrail Pass gives unlimited rail travel within India in the
- specified time period. It is available to non-Indian citizens as well
- as Indians residing outside India. It can be purchased through the General
- Sales Agents (details below), though any competent travel agent should
- be able to fix you up. It can also be bought from major stations in India.
- Main plus points include eliminating the need to buy tickets for every
- trip, though reservations are necessary. There are special reservation
- quotas on some trains for Indrail holders.
- It is available in 3 categories: AC, First Class, Second Class. It is
- not advisable to take the AC pass since not many trains have AC First Class.
- The First Class pass also covers AC Sleeper and AC Chair Car.
- GSA details:
- Hariworld Travel, New York. 212-957-3000
- Also in Toronto, 416-366-2000
- Fares:
- AC First Second
- 1 day 65 29 12 (all in USD)
- 15 270 135 65
- 30 410 205 90
- 90 800 400 175
-
- (Also available for 7,21,60 days. Kids below 12 pay half)
- There are also odd rules like a foreigner can buy a pass for his/her
- spouse.
- Another plus point is that you can make reservations upto 360 days
- in advance, i.e. even through your travel agent in the US-though you
- would have to have the pass in hand before making reservations.
- Much useful information about the Pass regulations(in fact, about
- the Indian Railways as a whole) can be found in "India by Rail", by
- Roylston Ellis, published by Bradt Publishers. Some information is
- also available in "Eurail Guide" and "Thomas Cook's Overseas Timetable"
-
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 13) Pal to Secam Conversion
-
-
- The following businesses do Pal to Secam conversions.
-
-
- Kothari Video Taping Services Inc.
- 909 Apple Drive,
- Schaumburg,
- IL-60194
- (708) 884-0912.
-
-
- Roopsons SOMI International
- 1734 Oaktree Road 1115 Inman Ave, Suite 130
- Edison, NJ 08820 Edison, NJ 08820
- (908) 906-7976 (908) 548-3065
-
- Edison has two zip codes. (08820 & 08818) Check with them for correct one.
- Also, call them after 4pm (EST). The owner (the only person who understands
- what PAL or NTSC is!) is out taking care of supplies and other stuff during
- the daytime. They are open 7 days a week from 11am to 8pm.
-
- Does pal to ntsc, and 8mm or NTSC to pal also. Cost is $13 for 3 hrs plus
- 2.50 for supply of Panasonic Standard Grade tape.
-
- Maharaja Foods And Imports
- 4320 Suite E, University Drive
- Huntsville, Alabama 35816
- Phone # (205)830-4951.
-
- S. Krishnan
- 7136 Shawnee Way,
- Reynoldsburg OH 43068
- Ph: (614) 759-8341
-
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 14) Sending Flowers to India
-
- i) Mr. Motiwala, Oriental Florist,
- Taj Mahal Hotel,
- Apollo Bunder,
- Bombay - 400 039
- tel: 202 3366
- fax: 287 2734 (Rs. 400 + Rs. 25(delivery) )
-
- ii)INDOGRAM
-
- Indogram does not serve Madras anymore.
- tel: (800) 834-7274 (Calif)
- (800) 624-8007 (Others)
- Cost: ~$30.00
-
- iii) Any florists in U.S. who is member of FTD
- (800) FLO-WERS
-
- There is a charge of $28.00 added to all the orders.
- The order has to of a minimum of $35.00
- There are three kinds of orders that can be placed
- a) Assortment of Flowers, in a box: $35.00
- b) Flower Arrangement, in a vase: $45.00
- c) Plant: $45.00
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 15) Printing Indian Language Texts using TeX and/or PostScript
-
- TeX/PS:
- There are two transliteration packages for TeX that are
- available by anonymous ftp:
-
- 1. The first package, itrans, has been developed by Avinash
- Chopde avinash@contex.com, currently supports Devanagari and Tamil.
- It uses the Washington Tamil Metafont font (developed at U of
- Washington) and a Postscript Devanagari font (developed by Avinash).
- It also supports Frans Velthuis's Devnag font (see item 2 below).
-
- "itrans" is a package for printing transliterated
- indian language documents. The input may be in TeX format, or may
- be a dumb textual document (no word processing features). Version 2.1
- was released in October 1991.
-
- The package includes all C-sources, the PostScript Devanagari font,
- and the Metafont Tamil font. It is available as a compressed tar
- file, at these FTP sites:
- cs.duke.edu (128.109.140.1), in dist/sources/itrans21.tar.Z
- ftp.stolaf.edu, in pub/sci/itrans21.tar.Z
- This package DOES NOT include Frans's Devnag font, you have to get it
- separately.
-
- 2. The second package Devanagari for Tex has been developed by
- Frans J. Velthuis (velthuis@rc.rug.nl). It has Computer Modern fonts
- for Devanagri. It is available by anonymous ftp from
- june.cs.washington.edu in the directory ~/tex in devnag.tar.Z
-
-
- Macintosh:
-
- Macintosh fonts for Devanagari and Tamil are available by
- anonymous ftp from mac.archive.umich.edu. They are in the file
- indianfonts.sit.hqx in the directory
- mac/system.extensions/font/type.three.fonts The fonts are in a
- binhex/stuffit format. If you don't know how to decode these formats,
- see the postings on comp.sys.mac.announce or comp.sys.mac.misc. These
- fonts are absolutely free.
-
-
- Punjabi Fonts:
- You have to buy these fonts.
- Adobe Type 1 Punjabi fonts for use with IBM-PC (Windows 3.0)
- and Macintosh computers. They are also made available, as per special
- requests, for the NeXT machines.
-
- Address is:
- Jasbir Singh
- P.O. Box 32010
- Cleveland, OH 44132
- (216)731-6561
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 16) Addresses of U.S Consulates in India
-
- U.S Embassy U.S Consulate
- Shanti Path, 5/1 Ho Chi Minh Sarani,
- Chanakyapuri Calcutta 700071
- N.Delhi 110021 91+??+44-3611
- 91+11+600651
-
- U.S Consulate U.S Consulate
- Lincoln House Gemini Circle Mount Road
- 78 Bhulabhai Desai Road, Madras 600006
- Bombay 400026 91+44+473-040
- 91+22+8223611
-
- The U.S Consulate in Calcutta no longer handles Immigrant Visa
- Cases. The job is now taken up by the Bombay consulate.
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 17) Visa Cutoff Date Phone Numbers
-
- Visa Cutoff Date Announcement (202) 663-1541
- Visa Information (202) 663-1225
- Online Visa Information
- via PC (202) 647-92255
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu alt.bbs.internet:5969 news.answers:4755
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!biosci!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!alpha.ces.cwru.edu!edguer
- From: edguer@ces.cwru.edu (Aydin Edguer)
- Newsgroups: alt.bbs.internet,news.answers
- Subject: alt.bbs.internet Frequently asked Questions [FAQ] (with answers)
- Summary: FAQ
- Message-ID: <1h7jv8INNf54@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu>
- Date: 22 Dec 92 17:40:55 GMT
- Expires: Mon, 22 Feb 1993 05:00:01 GMT
- Reply-To: edguer@ces.cwru.edu
- Followup-To: alt.bbs.internet
- Organization: Computer Engineering and Science, Case Western Reserve University
- Lines: 815
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Supersedes: <1d6am1INNf5j@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: sentinel.ces.cwru.edu
- X-Copyright: Copyright 1992 Aydin Edguer
-
- Archive-name: inet-bbs-faq
- Last-modified: 21 Dec 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- alt.bbs.internet Frequently asked Questions [FAQ] (with answers)
-
- -1- What is the purpose of this newsgroup?
- -2- How can I search this FAQ to find the answers?
- -3- What is the Internet?
- -4- How can I get access to the Internet?
- -5- How do I get connected to the Internet?
- -6- I don't get alt.internet.access.wanted. What do I do?
- -7- How do I find out if Alpha Beta University is on the Internet?
- -8- Is there a list of all the sites on the Internet?
- -9- How do I send mail to users on Prodigy?
- -10- How do I send mail to users on Compuserve?
- -11- How do I send mail to users on Fidonet?
- -12- How do I find Jane Doe's e-mail address?
- -13- Where can I find a list of Internet accessible bulletin boards?
- -14- Where can I find a list of Internet accessible services?
- -15- What is FTP and how do I use it?
- -16- What is a MUD and where can I get more information on them?
- -17- Are there any books about using the Internet?
- -18- How can I find answers to other questions?
-
- Please send suggested corrections and additions to: edguer@ces.cwru.edu
- The latest version of this FAQ is available from:
- pit-manager.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/inet-bbs-faq
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Subject: -1- What is the purpose of this newsgroup?
- Date: 12 Jul 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- This newsgroup is for the announcement and discussion of Internet accessible
- Bulletin Board Systems and services offered on the Internet.
-
- This newsgroup is NOT for the discussion of dial-outs, electronic mail,
- public access UNIX sites, or dial-up bulletin board systems.
-
- Please DO NOT post articles asking for "Internet access in (xxx) area code?"
- Queries for such sites should be directed to alt.internet.access.wanted.
-
- If you are trying to send mail from one network to another and are unsure
- of how to do this [and you can't find the answer from your local system
- administrator or this document] then you should get a copy of the
- "Internetworking Guide". The Guide is posted regularly to comp.mail.misc.
- The Guide is maintained by John J. Chew <poslfit@gpu.utcs.utoronto.ca> and
- is available for anonymous FTP from Ra.MsState.Edu in the file
- pub/docs/internetwork-mail-guide. Other questions about electronic mail
- should be directed to the newsgroup comp.mail.misc.
-
- If you want to get a list of public access UNIX sites, please see the
- Nixpub bulletin board list that is posted regularly to alt.bbs. The
- list is maintained by Phil Eschallier <phil@ls.com> and is available
- for anonymous FTP from GVL.Unisys.COM in the file pub/nixpub/long.
- Questions or comments should be directed to alt.bbs.
-
- If you want to get a list of dial-up bulletin board systems, please
- get a copy of THELIST. THELIST is available for anonymous FTP from
- wuarchive.wustl.edu in the directory /mirrors/msdos/bbslists. See
- the 00-index file for the current name. Questions or comments should
- be sent to alt.bbs.lists.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -2- How can I search this FAQ to find the answers?
- Date: 1 Mar 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- This FAQ follows the RFC1153 recommendations for message digests and
- thus should easily be viewed by newsreaders that understand message
- digests.
-
- This FAQ also uses the Subject: lines with the answer to each question
- and thus it should be easy to step through the answers with the "^G" command
- of rn.
-
- This FAQ marks each question with a "dash number dash" so that using
- a regular expression search pattern you can easily get directly to any
- question on the document.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -3- What is the Internet?
- Date: 1 Mar 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- The Internet can be defined as the set of all interconnected TCP/IP sites.
- In the United States, this is usually taken to mean any site connected to one
- of the regional networks which are joined together by the NSFNET.
- In the past the Internet was defined as the set of all sites that were
- IP reachable, but due to the splintering of the Internet into Commercial
- and Research&Education networks, and the increase in the number of
- secure Internet gateways, this is becoming less and less a valid definition.
- This definition has also been a subject of great debate; however, this
- newsgroup is not valid place for such debates.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -4- How can I get access to the Internet?
- Date: 29 Oct 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- There are at least two ways you can gain access to the Internet.
-
- The first method to gain access to the Internet is by getting an account
- on a public access bulletin board system that is connected to the Internet.
- There are a growing number of such systems available (over 25).
-
- Information on dialup access to the Internet is available in the
- "Public Dialup Internet Access List (PDIAL)". The list is posted at regular
- intervals to alt.internet.access.wanted and is maintained by
- Peter Kaminski <kaminski@netcom.com>. A copy of the PDIAL is available
- via anonymous FTP from GVL.Unisys.COM under the name /pub/pubnet/pdial.
- PDIAL may be obtained by email from the Information Deli archive server.
- To receive the most recently published PDIAL, send email with the subject
- "Send PDIAL" to "info-deli-server@netcom.com".
- To subscribe to a list which receives future editions as they are
- published, send email with the subject "Subscribe PDIAL" to
- "info-deli-server@netcom.com". To receive both the most recent and
- future editions, send both messages.
-
- A second method to gain access to the Internet is by getting an account
- with a network service provider who offers a "Dialin" service. See the
- "How do I get connected to the Internet?" section for more information.
-
- Please note, although this is a Frequently asked Question, this newsgroup,
- alt.bbs.internet, is NOT for the discussion of how to get access to the
- Internet. This newsgroup makes the assumption that you already have access
- to the Internet. Queries about gaining access to the Internet should be
- directed to alt.internet.access.wanted.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -5- How do I get connected to the Internet?
- Date: 5 Oct 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- Traditionally, connections to the Internet were dedicated connections.
- This is still the most common type of connection. Monthly costs for the
- connection range anywhere from $250 per month [plus line charges] for a
- dial-up 9600 bps connection to $4,000 [plus line charges] for a T1 [1.44Mbps]
- connection. There is also an initial one time startup fee of anywhere
- from $100 to $8,000 [plus equipment charges].
-
- Some service providers are also offering part-time dial-up connections.
- Customers share a set of phone lines and dial-up when needed. This is
- usually less expensive than dedicated dial-up connections for customers
- who need a connection less than 80 hours per month. Monthly costs range
- from $40-100 per month [plus line charges] plus an hourly charge of $2-4.
-
- Some service providers have begun to offer a new "Dialin" service. The
- name for Dailin service varies from vendor to vendor. The Dialin service
- is usually provided as a way for Internet connected users to connect back
- to their home sites from remote locations. But most service providers do
- not limit their service to this audience, it is open to people not already
- on the Internet. The Dialin service provides either a terminal server
- connection [with password] or an account on the service provider's equipment
- [with password] which permits you to use telnet to connect to other sites
- on the Internet. This service differs from the normal "dial-up" IP services
- because it does not require the user to run any IP software like PPP
- (Point-to-Point Protocol) or SLIP (Serial Line IP). The cost for this
- service usually range from $35 to $250 per month [plus line charges].
- There is also an initial $35 to $500 connection fee [plus equipment charges].
-
- The following are a list of known commercial Internet service providers, along
- with the services they offer, an e-mail address to contact for more information,
- a phone number to contact for more information, or an FTP archive for more
- information.
-
- ALTERNET
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line y y y y n
- Dialup Line y y - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: no
- Dialin Service: TAC (Terminal ACcess)
- Region: national (USA)
- Contact: alternet-info@uunet.uu.net
- Phone: 1-800-4UUNET3
- FTP: ftp.uu.net:/uunet-info/
-
- ANSNET
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line n n y y y
- Dialup Line n n - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: no
- Region: national (USA)
- Contact: info@ans.net
- Phone: 1-914-789-5300 or 1-313-663-2482
- FTP: nis.ans.net:/pub/info/
-
- CERFnet
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line n y y y n
- Dialup Line y y - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: yes
- Dialin Service: DIAL'n'CERF (nationwide USA)
- Region: California
- Contact: help@cerf.net
- Phone: 1-800-876-CERF
- FTP: nic.cerf.net:/cerfnet/
-
- Colorado SuperNet
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line y n y y n
- Dialup Line y y - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: yes
- Dialin Service: Interactive Dialin
- Region: Colorado
- Contact: info@csn.org
- Phone: 1-303-273-3471
- FTP: csn.org:/CSN/reports
-
- CONCERT Network
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line n n y y n
- Dialup Line y n - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: yes
- Dialin Service: CONCERT-Connect
- Region: North Carolina
- Contact: info@concert.net
- Phone: 1-919-248-1999
- FTP: ftp.concert.net:/doc
-
- JvNCnet
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line n y y y y
- Dialup Line y y - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: yes (Dialin'Tiger)
- Dialin Service: Dialin'Terminal
- Region: NJ/USA
- Contact: market@jvnc.net
- Phone: 1-800-35TIGER
- FTP: nisc.jvnc.net:/???
-
- MSEN
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line y y n n n
- Dialup Line y y - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: yes
- Dialin Service: yes [*note* it is a local call from any 313 #]
- Region: Michigan
- Contact: info@msen.com
- Phone: 1-313-741-1120
- FTP: ftp.msen.com:/pub/vendor/msen/
-
- NEARnet
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line y y y n y
- Dialup Line y y - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: no
- Dialin Service: none
- Region: New England
- Contact: nearnet-join@nic.near.net
- Phone: (617) 873-8730
- FTP: nic.near.net:/docs
-
- NETCOM
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line y y y n n
- Dialup Line y y - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: yes
- Dialin Service: yes
- Region: California
- Contact: info@netcom.com
- Phone: (408) 554-8649
-
- OARnet
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line y y y y y
- Dialup Line y y - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: yes
- Dialin Service: none
- Region: Ohio
- Contact: nic@oar.net
- Phone: 1-614-292-0700
-
- PSINet
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line y y y y n
- Dialup Line y y - - -
- note: T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: yes
- Dialin Service: Global Dialup Service (GDS)
- Region: national (USA)
- Contact: info@psi.com
- Phone: 1-800-82PSI82
- FTP: ftp.psi.com:/press.releases/
-
- SURAnet
- Full time connections
- speed 9.6K 14.4K 56K T1 T3
- Leased Line y n y y y
- Dialup Line n n - - -
- note T1=1.544Mbs T3=45Mbps
- Part time connections: no
- Dialin Service: none
- Regional: Southeastern United States
- Contact: marketing@sura.net
- Phone: 1-800-SURA-NET
- FTP: ftp.sura.net:/nic
-
- A list of Internet service providers, including regional networks who support
- only Research and Education is available via anonymous FTP from
- ftp.nisc.sri.com as the file netinfo/Internet-access-providers-US.txt
- and netinfo/Internet-access-providers-non-US.txt.
-
- Please note, although this is a Frequently asked Question, this newsgroup,
- alt.bbs.internet, is NOT for the discussion of how to get connected to the
- Internet. This is the correct newsgroup to discuss your bulletin board
- system and what it offers once you are connected to the Internet.
- Queries about gaining access to the Internet should be directed to
- alt.internet.access.wanted.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -6- I don't get alt.internet.access.wanted. What do I do?
- Date: 12 Jul 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- Questions about newsgroups at a site are normally handled by the local
- news administrator. The news administrator can normally be reached
- by sending mail to "news" at your newshost (e.g. news@alpha.beta.edu).
- This does not always work and you may need to contact your system
- administrator or the user support or services group for your site.
-
- Even if your site does not plan to receive alt.internet.access.wanted
- you can still post your request to alt.internet.access.wanted by using
- the standard means.
-
- Anyone can post to a newsgroup even if they do not receive USENET
- newsgroups. As the "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions" guide
- for USENET [which can be found in news.announce.newusers] states:
-
- 43. Is it possible to post messages to the Usenet via electronic mail?
-
- There are a few sites on the Usenet that offer a full-scale mail
- to news gateway, so that you can post via E-mail to any newsgroup
- support.
-
- One of them is decwrl.dec.com. To use its gateway, you mail the
- message you wish to post to newsgroup.name.usenet@decwrl.dec.com.
- For example, to post to news.newusers.questions, you would send
- your message to news.newusers.questions.usenet@decwrl.dec.com.
-
- Please do not use this service if you have other posting access
- to the Usenet.
-
- Thus you can post your questions to USENET and specifically request
- users to only e-mail answers back to you [due to your inability to
- read the group].
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -7- How do I find out if Alpha Beta University is on the Internet?
- Date: 15 Dec 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- The most common way of finding this out is the "whois" command.
- For example to find out if Washington University is on the network
- the command "whois washington" will list all the sites and registered
- users with washington in their name. Please note that it must be a
- full word match - "whois wash" would not work.
-
- Once you have found the entry of interest you can use the "whois" command
- to get further information on contacts. For example, the command
- "whois !WUSTL-DOM" will give you names and USnail addresses to reach
- Washington University, St Louis.
-
- Another method to check on how to reach a college or university, is to
- check the college/university email directory maintained by David Lamb
- <dalamb@qucis.queensu.ca>. The directory lists the mail addresses of many
- schools. A copy is stored in the anonymous FTP files
- /pub/usenet/news.answer/college-email/part[1-3] on the site
- pit-manager.mit.edu (18.72.1.58). If you don't have anonymous ftp access,
- you can get it by sending a message to "mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu"
- with a body of:
- send usenet/news.answers/college-email/part1
- send usenet/news.answers/college-email/part2
- send usenet/news.answers/college-email/part3
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -8- Is there a list of all the sites on the Internet?
- Date: 15 Mar 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- No. The Internet [as of 01/92] is composed of more than 727,000 hosts.
- There are more than 1000 hosts added per day and the rate of growth is
- increasing. There is no canonical list of sites and by the time you
- could generate one it would be out of date.
-
- The DDN NIC maintains a list of all the hosts registered as primary domain
- hosts but does not try to maintain a list of all of the subdomains or
- secondary hosts. This list is available from nic.ddn.mil in the directory
- netinfo in the file hosts.txt. It contains only a small fraction of the
- hosts on the Internet and thus should not be used as a definitive reference.
-
- More information on the growth of the Internet is available in RFC 1296.
- Written by Mark Lottor <mkl@nisc.sri.com>, RFC 1296 describes 10 years
- of the history of the growth of the Internet and the program used to try
- to characterize its growth. This project produced a much more complete
- list of hosts, but it is over 10 megabytes compressed(!) and took days(?)
- to run. RFC 1296 is available via anonymous FTP from nic.ddn.mil in
- the file /rfc/rfc1296.txt.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -9- How do I send mail to users on Prodigy?
- Date: 27 Jul 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- By opening an account on Prodigy.
-
- Prodigy does not currently have any external connections. It is therefore
- impossible to send mail to a Prodigy user from any system other than Prodigy.
-
- Please note, although this is a Frequently asked Question, this newsgroup,
- alt.bbs.internet, is NOT for the discussion electronic mail addressing.
- Questions about electronic mail should be directed to the newsgroup
- comp.mail.misc.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -10- How do I send mail to users on Compuserve?
- Date: 8 Mar 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- The address should take the form of xxxxxx.yyyy@compuserve.com where
- xxxxxx,yyyy is the Compuserve account number. To create an address,
- convert the comma in the account name to a period and append @compuserve.com.
-
- You can also connect directly to Compuserve via the Merit Network, Inc.
- gateway to SprintNet (formerly Telenet). You will be billed as though you
- were connecting to Compuserve directly through SprintNet but there are
- [currently] no additional charges for the use of the gateway. To use this
- service, you must telnet to hermes.merit.edu and enter "compuserve" at the
- "Which Host?" prompt. For more information on getting an account, contact
- acctmgr@merit.edu
-
- Please note, although this is a Frequently asked Question, this newsgroup,
- alt.bbs.internet, is NOT for the discussion electronic mail addressing.
- Questions about electronic mail should be directed to the newsgroup
- comp.mail.misc.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- From: pozar@kumr.lns.com (Tim Pozar)
- Subject: -11- How do I send mail to users on Fidonet?
- Date: 1 Mar 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- First you need to know the name of the person and node number of the
- Fido-Net system that the person uses.
-
- The address of a FidoNode looks like this: 1:105/302.0. Usually the
- 1: and .0 are left off, but they are there by default. (In Europe the Zone
- is 2: and in the Pacific Basin it is 3:.) That address can be translated as
- "Zone 1, Net 105, FidoNode 302, Point 0." or p0.f302.n105.z1. Add the FidoNet
- domain of .fidonet.org to the end of that, chop off the p0 (it a default
- since the point number is zero) and you have f302.n105.z1.fidonet.org -
- the "Fully Qualified Domain Name" of a FidoNet BBS.
-
- Another example is 2:105/4.3 which would be written as
- p3.f4.n105.z2.fidonet.org
- Notice that we specified the point number since it was a number other
- than zero.
-
- FidoNet uses full names of the callers. Multi-part name folks
- (eg. First Last, ie. "Tim Pozar") will have a period '.' seperating
- their names. So, lets say you wanted to send mail to Tim Pozar at
- 1:125/555.0, you would address your letter to:
- Tim.Pozar@f555.n125.z1.fidonet.org.
-
- [and its corollary - How do I send mail to the Internet from Fidonet?]
-
- This is a bit more of a trick. You need to know your nearest
- Fidonet -> Internet gateway. A quick way of telling would be to send
- mail from the Internet to your FidoNet site. The mail will automagicly
- pop out your nearest gateway.
-
- Some times nets do not have a local gateway. In that case, the mail
- will pop out the default gateway. Currently the default gateway is in
- Arizona. So if you live in the New England states and you are not served by
- a local gateway, it may be a bit of a long time before the mail will get to
- your FidoNet site.
-
- Once you know who your gateway is, you need to address the mail as such:
- 1] In the "To" field enter "Uucp".
- 2] The destination FidoNet node will be the gateway.
- 3] On the first line of your message you will enter "To: <Internet address>"
- i.e. "To: pozar@kumr.lns.com"
- 4] Put a blank line after the Internet address line.
- 5] Enter the body of the message after the blank line.
-
- A message would look something like:
- To: Uucp 1:125/555
- From: Joe FidoNet User
- Date: January 31 1992
- Subject: Testing 1-2-3
-
- To: pozar@kumr.lns.com
-
- Hey Tim! What's shaking?
-
- Joe User
- <End of message>
-
- Please note, although this is a Frequently asked Question, this newsgroup,
- alt.bbs.internet, is NOT for the discussion electronic mail addressing.
- Questions about electronic mail should be directed to the newsgroup
- comp.mail.misc.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -12- How do I find Jane Doe's e-mail address?
- Date: 29 Jun 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- The short answer:
- The most widely accepted way of finding another user's electronic mail
- address is to pick up the phone and call them. This works wonders!!!
-
- The long answer:
- There is no one standard way of locating user mail box information.
- There are in fact more than one "standard" for storing this information
- and very few locations use even one of these "standards".
-
- One method of finding users is "whois". The DDN NIC keeps a database
- of all administrative, technical, and zone contacts for domains.
- Examples of other institutions who use this method are Stanford University
- and the University of Virginia. A list of known whois servers is
- available via anonymous ftp from sipb.mit.edu in the file
- pub/whois/whois-servers.list. The file is maintained by Matt Power
- <mhpower@athena.mit.edu>.
-
- A second method of finding users is "X.500". X.500 is the OSI directory
- service. It is the choice of the next generation. It is also huge, and
- an amazing resource hog.
-
- A third method of finding users is the WAIS "usenet-addresses" database
- of all users who post to USENET. This only works if the user has posted
- a message to USENET.
-
- A fourth method of finding users is "NetFind", a commercial program
- for discovering information. This program will actively try to search
- out a user given their organization and full name.
- For more information, contact netfind@xcaret.com.
-
- The netfind Internet white pages tool now supports a server.
- You can try it out by telnet'ing to bruno.cs.colorado.edu and
- logging in as "netfind" (with no password).
-
- A fifth method of finding users, if you're looking for somebody at a
- college or university, is to check the college/university email directory
- maintained by David Lamb <dalamb@qucis.queensu.ca>. The directory lists
- the mail addresses of many schools, and (when available) how you can
- look for people at those sites. A copy is stored in the anonymous FTP files
- /pub/usenet/news.answer/college-email/part[1-3] on the site
- pit-manager.mit.edu (18.72.1.58). If you don't have anonymous ftp access,
- you can get it by sending a message to "mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu"
- with a body of:
- send usenet/news.answers/college-email/part1
- send usenet/news.answers/college-email/part2
- send usenet/news.answers/college-email/part3
-
- More information on these and other methods is available in the
- "FAQ: How to find people's E-mail addresses" maintained by Jonathan I. Kamens
- <jik@mit.edu> and posted regularly to comp.mail.misc. This document is also
- available via FTP from pit-manager.mit.edu (18.72.1.58) in the file
- /pub/usenet/news.answers/finding-addresses.
-
- Please note, although this is a Frequently asked Question, this newsgroup,
- alt.bbs.internet, is NOT for the discussion electronic mail addressing.
- Questions about electronic mail should be directed to the newsgroup
- comp.mail.misc.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -13- Where can I find a list of Internet accessible bulletin boards?
- Date: 21 Dec 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- By reading the postings to this newsgroup - alt.bbs.internet.
- The current list of Internet accessible bulletin boards is maintained
- by Thomas A. Kreeger <zamfield@Dune.EE.MsState.Edu> and is irregularly
- posted under the title "Zamfield's Internet BBS List".
- The list does not currently have a permanent FTP home (volunteers?) but
- can be found on quartz.rutgers.edu in /pub/internet/sites/internet-bbslist.Z.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -14- Where can I find a list of Internet accessible services?
- Date: 1 Mar 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- By reading the postings to this newsgroup - alt.bbs.internet.
- The current list of Internet accessible services is maintained
- by Scott Yanoff <yanoff@csd4.csd.uwm.edu> and is regularly posted
- under the title "Updated Internet Services List". The list is also
- available via anonymous FTP from csd4.csd.uwm.edu in the file
- /pub/inet.services.txt
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -15- What is FTP and how can I use it?
- Date: 30 Mar 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) allows a person to transfer files between
- two computers connected to the Internet. Some systems on the Internet
- offer files through "anonymous" FTP. Anonymous FTP servers permits users
- to transfer files to/from the site even when they do not have an account
- at the site.
-
- Not every site permits anonymous tranfers and it is wrong to try systems that
- have not advertised the availability of such a service. This is similar to
- walking up to a strange house and trying the windows and doors to see if any
- are open.
-
- To find a list of sites that permit anonymous FTP, you can monitor the
- newsgroup comp.archives. You can also read the "Anonymous FTP List"
- maintained by Tom Czarnik <aftp-list@netcom.com>. The list is regularly
- posted to comp.sources.wanted and is available via anonymous FTP from
- pit-manager.mit.edu in the files /pub/usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/sites*.
-
- In general, the "Anonymous FTP List" should be used as a last resort
- when trying to locate information. There are a _large_ number of anonymous
- FTP sites on the Internet, and it is much too time consuming to try to
- search each site when trying to find information. There are other
- tools, such as Archie, that help you to locate sites that carry a specific
- package.
-
- It is beyond the scope of this FAQ to try to cover all the ways to locate
- sources on the Internet. More information about how to find sources and
- sites is posted in the comp.sources.wanted FAQ "How to find sources".
- It is available for anonymous FTP from pit-manager.mit.edu in the file:
- /pub/usenet/comp.sources.wanted/H_t_f_s_(R_T_B_P).
-
- Perhaps the best way to learn how to use FTP is the read the manual pages
- [if any] that are on your system. Lacking such documentation, the following
- summary should help. More information is available in other FAQs.
-
- To use FTP, a command similar to "ftp hostname" is used; where hostname
- is replaced by the name of host you wish to contact. If the computer knows
- how to contact that host, you will next be presented with a "Name:" prompt.
- At this point, if you are using anonymous FTP, you should enter the username
- of "anonymous". On some sites "ftp" will also work as an anonymous username.
- If the system recognizes the username as an anonymous entry then you should
- receive back a "331 Guest login ok" response followed by a "Password:" prompt.
- At this prompt you should enter your email address for the password.
- It's not necessary, but it's a courtesy for those sites that like to know who
- is making use of their facility. At this point you should be presented
- with a "230 Guest login ok" response or something similar. If for some
- reason things did not work you may receive a "530 Login incorrect" response.
- Type in "quit" at the "ftp>" prompt and try again. If it fails a second time,
- contact someone at your site for help.
-
- Once connected to the other site and authenticated, you have a number of
- commands available to you. Some FTP commands are the same on most computers,
- but others are not. Most versions of FTP will list the commands available
- if you type "help". The standard commands include:
-
- dir list the files in the current directory
- cd Change directory
- binary Switch to binary mode. For transferring binary files.
- ascii Switch to ascii mode. For transferring text files.
- It will automatically translate CR/LF and NL between
- systems. ASCII mode is the default mode.
- get copy a file from the remote computer to yours
-
- Typically, a directory called 'pub' is where the interesting things
- are stored. Some sites will have a file with a name like ls-lR,
- that contains a complete list of the files on that site.
- Different systems have different organizations for their files
- and you may need to do some exploring to find where the files of
- interest you are located.
-
- Once you have finished getting the files of interest you should issue the
- "quit" command to close the FTP connection and exit the FTP program.
-
- Please note, although this is a Frequently asked Question this newsgroup,
- alt.bbs.internet, is NOT for the discussion of anonymous FTP sites.
- Questions about FTP should be directed to the newsgroup comp.sources.wanted
- or comp.archives.admin.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -16- What is a MUD and where can I get more information on them?
- Date: 9 Nov 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- A MUD (Multi-User Dungeon) is a program which allows multiple people to
- interact with each other in a simulated environment. Because of the growing
- popularity of MUDs which are not dungeons, the acronym is slowly evolving
- to be Multi-User Dimensions.
-
- You may also get more information from the 3 part FAQ which is regularly
- posted to rec.games.mud.announce. The MUD FAQ is maintained by Jennifer
- "Moira" Smith <jds@math.okstate.edu> and is available via anonymous FTP from
- ftp.math.okstate.edu in the file pub/muds/misc/mud-faq.
-
- alt.bbs.internet is _not_ the newsgroup to discuss MUDs. There is a hierarchy
- of newsgroups specifically for the discussion of all aspects of MUDs called
- rec.games.mud.[admin|diku|lp|misc|tiny].
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -17- Are there any books about using the Internet?
- Date: 21 Dec 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- Yes. There are a growing number of reference books available on the subject
- of using the Internet.
-
- TITLE: Zen and the Art of the Internet: A Beginner's Guide, 2nd ed
- AUTHOR: Brendan P. Kehoe
- PUBLISHER: Prentice Hall
- ISBN: 0-13-010778-6
- PAGES: 112
- PRICE: 22.00 $US
- This guide should give you a reference to consult if you're curious
- about what can be done with the Internet. It also presents the
- fundamental topics that are all too often assumed and considered
- trivial by many network users. It covers the basic utilities
- and information reaching other networks.
-
- TITLE: The Whole Internet User's Guide & Catalog
- AUTHOR: Ed Krol
- PUBLISHER: O'Reilly
- ISBN: 1-56592-025-2
- PAGES: 400
- PRICE: 24.95 $US
- DESCRIPTION:
- This 400-page book covers the basic utilities used to access
- the network and then guides users through the Internet's
- "databases of datases" to access the millions of files and
- thousands of archives available. It includes a resource index
- that covers a broad selection of approximately 300 important
- resources available on the Internet.
-
- TITLE: The Internet Companion: A Beginner's Guide To Global Networking
- AUTHOR: Tracy LaQuey, Jeanne C. Ryer
- PUBLISHER: Addison-Wesley
- ISBN: 0-201-62224-6
- PAGES: 191+
- PRICE: 10.95 $US
-
- TITLE: Internet: Getting Started
- SERIES: Volume 1, Internet Information Series
- AUTHOR: [SRI International, Network Information Systems Center]
- PUBLISHER:
- ISBN: 0-944-604-15-3
- PAGES:
- PRICE: 39.00 $US
- DESCRIPTION:
- Internet: Getting Started explains how to join the Internet, the
- various types of Internet access, and procedures for obtaining a
- unique IP address and domain name. An extensive list of Internet
- access providers of all types is provided. Information regarding
- access for countries outside of the United States is included as
- well. Finally, the guide explains many concepts essential to the
- Internet, such as the Domain Name System, IP addressing, Internet
- protocols, and electronic mail. This is the comprehensive overview
- of what the Internet is and how to become a part of it.
-
- Please note that there are many free references available on using the
- Internet available via the Internet [including an earlier version of
- "Zen and the Art of the Internet"], but if you would rather own a bound
- book or do not yet have Internet access, then these books might be for
- you.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: -18- How can I find answers to other questions?
- Date: 8 Mar 92 00:00:01 EST
-
- By asking the questions in an appropriate manner in an appropriate newsgroup.
- To find out about appropriate manners and appropriate newsgroups please read
- all the postings in news.announce.newusers. You might also want to take a
- peek at some questions that already have answers in the news.answers group.
-
- This newsgroup is NOT for the discussion of dial-outs, electronic mail,
- public access UNIX sites, or dial-up bulletin board systems.
-
- DO NOT post an article asking for "Internet access in (xxx) area code?"
- This newsgroup is for how to reach systems once you are already on the
- Internet, not how to reach the Internet.
-
- If you have a question about Internet accessible bulletin boards then you
- have found the right place - alt.bbs.internet. Please post your question
- and ask people to send you the answer via e-mail. Once you have determined
- that you have a correct answer, please post a new message with a Subject:
- line that begins with "SUMMARY:" followed by your original subject line
- and post a BRIEF summarization of your question, the correct answer, and
- the people who helped you find the answer.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- < Due to readability complaints, the copyright notice has been placed
- here at the end. >
-
- Copyright 1992 Aydin Edguer
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, or distribute this document for
- no fee is hereby granted, provided that the copyright notice
- appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this
- permission notice appear. I make no representations about the
- suitability or accuracy of this document for any purpose.
- It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu comp.windows.x.i386unix:13 comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit:872 news.answers:4616
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!news.bbn.com!olivea!sun-barr!cs.utexas.edu!torn!skule.ecf!steve
- From: steve@ecf.toronto.edu (Steve Kotsopoulos)
- Newsgroups: comp.windows.x.i386unix,comp.unix.sysv386,news.answers
- Subject: X on Intel-based Unix Frequently Asked Questions [FAQ] (with answers)
- Summary: X options for Intel-based Unix (SYSV/386, 386BSD, Linux, Mach)
- Message-ID: <BzB46n.K3B@ecf.toronto.edu>
- Date: 15 Dec 92 15:25:35 GMT
- Expires: Fri, 1 Jan 1993 05:00:00 GMT
- Sender: steve@ecf.toronto.edu (Steve Kotsopoulos)
- Reply-To: steve@ecf.toronto.edu
- Followup-To: poster
- Organization: University of Toronto, Engineering Computing Facility
- Lines: 545
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
-
- Archive-name: Intel-Unix-X-faq
- Last-modified: 15 Dec 1992
-
- Note: This is a major re-organization (and replacement) of my
- "Frequently Asked Questions About X386" FAQ list.
-
- This article includes answers to:
-
- I) What options do I have for X software on my Intel-based Unix system?
- 1. Free options
- 2. Commercial options
- II) What is XFree86 and where do I get it?
- 3. What is XFree86?
- 4. What OSs are supported?
- 5. What video hardware is supported?
- 6. What about accelerated boards?
- 7. Why doesn't XFree86 support 16-color VGA modes?
- 8. What other hardware or software requirements are there?
- 9. Where can I get source for XFree86?
- 10. Where can I get binaries for XFree86?
- IV) What general things should I know about running XFree86?
- 11. Installation directories
- 12. Configuration files
- 13. Determining VGA dot clocks and monitor modes
- 14. Rebuilding/reconfiguring the server from the link kit
- V) What OS-specific things should I know about running XFree86?
- 15. SVR4
- 16. SVR3
- 17. 386BSD
- 18. Linux
- 19. Mach
- VI) What general things should I know for building XFree86 from source?
- 20. Disk space requirements
- 21. README files to take note of
- 22. Compiler recommendations
- VII) What OS-specific things should I know for building XFree86 from source?
- 23. SVR4
- 24. SVR3
- 25. 386BSD
- 26. Linux
- 27. Mach
- VIII) Is there anything special about building clients with XFree86?
- 28. BSD compatibility library
- 29. ANSICCOPTIONS
-
- This article does NOT include answers to general X questions, since these
- are already covered by the X FAQ that is regularly posted by David B. Lewis
- <faq%craft@uunet.uu.net>.
-
- If you have anything to add or change on the FAQ just let me know.
- (especially if you had a problem that someone else was able to help you with)
- Send changes to steve@ecf.toronto.edu, please put 'FAQ' somewhere
- in the subject line so that my mail filter will put it in the correct
- mail folder.
-
- Please DO NOT ask me questions that are not answered in the FAQ. I do not
- have time to respond to these individually. Instead, post your question
- to the net, and send me the question and answer together when you get it.
-
- Frequently Asked Questions About X on Intel-based Unix (with answers)
- =====================================================================
-
- I) What options do I have for X software on my Intel-based Unix system?
-
- 1. Free options
- The BEST option is XFree86, which is an enhanced version of X386 1.2.
- Any other version of X386 will have slower performance, and will
- be more difficult to compile. Information on how to obtain XFree86
- is listed below.
-
- X386 is the port of the X11 server to System V/386 that was
- done by Thomas Roell (roell@sgcs.com).
- It supports a wide variety of SVGA boards.
- There are 2 major free versions: X386 1.1 is based on X11R4,
- X386 1.2 is included in MIT's X11R5 distribution (ie. you
- don't need to patch it into the MIT source any more).
- X386 1.3 is the current commercial offering from SGCS (see below).
-
- 2. Commercial options
-
- 1) Metro Link
- 2213 W. McNab Road
- Pompano Beach, FL 33069
- (305) 970-7353
- Fax: (305) 970-7351
- email: sales@metrolink.com
-
- Summary: OS: SVR3.2, SVR4, Venix
- HW: EGA, VGA, SVGA, TIGA, TARGA, 8514/A, S3
- Other: Motif, OpenLook/XView, XIE Imaging Extension
-
- 2) SGCS (Snitily Graphics Consulting Services)
- 894 Brookgrove Lane
- Cupertino, CA 95014
- (800) 645-5501, (408) 255-9665
- Fax: (408) 255-9740
- email: info@sgcs.com or ...!mips!zok!info
-
- Summary: OS: SVR3.2, SVR4
- HW: 8514/A (ATI Ultra), S3 (Diamond Stealth), SVGA
- Other: Motif, Dual-headed server
-
- 3) Consensys Corporation
- 1301 Pat Booker Rd.
- Universal City, TX 78148
- Phone: 1-800-388-1896
- FAX: 1-416-940-2903
- email: info@consensys.com
-
- Summary: OS: Consensys V4.2, Consensys' version of
- Unix System V Release 4.2
- HW: X11R4 server support for VGA, SVGA
- Other: MoOLIT, Motif, X11R5 Clients
-
- 4) The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.
- p.o. box 1900
- Santa Cruz, California 95061
- (408) 425 7222, (800) SCO UNIX,
- FAX: (408) 458 4227
- email: info@sco.com
-
- Summary: OS: ODT 1.1, ODT 2.0, SCO Unix 3.2v4
- HW: X11R4 server support for SVGA, 8514/A, S3, TMS340x0,
- WD90C31, XGA2, assorted local bus (see SCO Hardware
- Compatabilty Guide for actual card vendors).
- Other: Motif
-
- NOTE: Other commercial vendors (including OS vendors describing
- bundled software) are welcome to submit summary information
- summary information such as the above.
-
- II) What is XFree86 and where do I get it?
-
- 3. What is XFree86?
-
- XFree86 is an enhanced version of X386 1.2, which was distributed with
- X11R5. This release consists of many bug fixes, speed improvements, and
- other enhancements. Here are the highlights of the enhancements:
-
- 1) The SpeedUp package from Glenn Lai is an integral part of XFree86,
- selectable at run-time via the Xconfig file. Some SpeedUps require
- an ET4000 based SVGA, and others require a virtual screen width of
- 1024. The SpeedUps suitable to the configuration are selected by
- default. Depending on the underlying hardware, these enhancements
- can provide as much as a 50% improvement in xStones.
- 2) The fX386 packages from Jim Tsillas are included as the default
- operating mode if SpeedUp is not selected. This mode is now
- equivalent in performance to X386 1.1b (X11R4).
- 3) Support for LOCALCONN, compile-time selectable for server, clients,
- or both. This support is for both SVR3.2 and SVR4. For SVR4.0.4
- with the 'Advanced Compatibility Package', local connections from
- SCO XSight/ODT clients are supported.
- 4) Support for the newer ET4000-based SVGAs which have high clocks and
- reported incorrect clock values with the standard version. This
- support is automatic and does not require any Xconfig options.
- Note that the Diamond SpeedStar 24 (as opposed to the 24X) is an
- ET4000 board that is NOT compatible with XFree86 (in addition, the
- SpeedStar 24X does not use an ET4000, and is also not supported).
- 5) Support for compressed bitmap fonts has been added (Thomas Eberhardt's
- code from the contrib directory on export.lcs.mit.edu).
- 6) Integrated support for 386BSD, Mach, and Linux.
- 7) A monochrome version of the server which will run on generic VGA
- cards is now included. This server uses just 64k of the memory on
- the VGA, and hence is limited to a virtual screen of approx. 800x600.
- 8) New configuration method which allows the server's drivers and font
- renderers to be reconfigured from both source and binary
- distributions.
-
- Also included are a tutorial on monitor timing by Bob Crosson, and the
- current X386 mode database and a sample xdm configuration by David Wexelblat.
-
- 4. What OSs are supported?
-
- XFree86 supports:
- SVR4: Microport, Dell, Esix, ISC, AT&T, MST, Consensys, UHC
- SVR3: ISC 2.2 & 3.0, AT&T 2.2
- Linux, Mach, 386BSD
-
- BSD/386 is not supported, but it should work. The most active
- BSD/386 person is Greg Lehey <grog%lemis@germany.eu.net>.
-
- Note that Esix 3.2D and SCO are not supported yet,
- but anyone should feel free to submit patches.
- If you are interested in tackling this, send mail to
- xfree86@physics.su.oz.au
-
- 5. What video hardware is supported?
-
- ET4000 (Tseng)
- ET3000 (Tseng)
- PVGA1 (Paradise)
- WD90Cxx (Western Digital - Paradise PVGA1 Supersets)
- GVGA (Genoa)
- TVGA8900C (Trident)
- ATI18800,28800 (ATI SVGA - not 8514!)
-
- If you are purchasing new hardware for the purpose of using XFree86, it
- is suggested that you purchase an ET4000-based board such as the
- Orchid ProDesigner IIs. Avoid recent Diamond boards; XFree86 will not
- work with them, because Diamond won't provide programming details.
- In fact, the XFree86 project is actively not supporting new Diamond
- products, as long as such policies remain in effect. Contributions
- of code will NOT be accepted (because of the potential liabilities).
- If you would like to see this change, tell Diamond about it.
-
- 6. What about accelerated boards?
-
- At this time, there is no support for accelerated boards like the
- S3, ATI Ultra (8514/A), TIGA, etc. This support is available in
- commercial products from SGCS and MetroLink (for SVR3 and SVR4).
-
- A beta S3 server is available for 386BSD. Contact <hasty@netcom.com>
- A beta 8514/A server is available for Linux. Contact <martin@cs.unc.edu>
- or <jon@robots.ox.ac.uk>. Note: these servers are NOT part of XFree86.
-
- 7. Why doesn't XFree86 support 16-color VGA modes?
-
- The reason that this is not supported is the way VGA implements the
- 16-color modes. In 256-color modes, each byte of frame buffer memory
- contains 1 pixel. But the 16-color modes are implemented as bit-
- planes. Each byte of frame- buffer memory contains 1 bit from each
- of each of 8 pixels, and there are four such planes. The MIT frame-
- buffer code is not designed to deal with this. If VGA handled
- 16-color modes by packing 2 4-bit pixels into each byte, the MIT code
- could be modified to support this (or it already may; I'm not sure).
- But for the VGA way of doing things, a complete new frame-buffer
- implementation is required. And it's not something the XFree86
- Core Team wants to tackle.
-
- 8. What other hardware or software requirements are there?
-
- Obviously, a supported SVGA board and OS are required. To run
- X efficiently, 12-16MB of memory should be considered a minimum.
- The various binary releases take 10-40MB of disk space, depending
- on the OS (e.g. whether or not it supports shared libraries).
- To build from sources, at least 80MB of free disk space will
- be required, although 120MB should be considered a comfortable
- lower bound.
-
- 9. Where can I get source for XFree86?
-
- Source patches for the current version (1.1, based on X11R5 PL17
- from MIT), are available via anonymous FTP from:
- export.lcs.mit.edu (under /contrib/XFree86)
- ftp.physics.su.oz.au (under /XFree86)
- ftp.win.tue.nl (under /pub/XFree86)
- (For the rest of this FAQ, these 3 location will be called $FTP)
-
- Refer to the README file under the specified directory for information
- on which files you need to get to build your distribution.
-
- 10. Where can I get binaries for XFree86?
-
- Binaries are available via anonymous FTP from:
- ftp.physics.su.oz.au - SVR4 binaries
- under /XFree86/SVR4
- ftp.win.tue.nl - SVR4 binaries
- under /pub/XFree86/SVR4
- ferkel.ucsb.edu - SVR4 binaries
- under /pub/SVR4/XFree86
- stasi.bradley.edu - SVR4 binaries
- under /pub/XFree86/SVR4
- blancmange.ma.utexas.edu - SVR3 (ISC) binaries
- under /pub/ISC/XFree86-1.1
- tsx-11.mit.edu - Linux binaries
- under /pub/linux/packages/X11/xfree86-1.1
- agate.berkeley.edu - 386BSD binaries
- under /pub/386BSD/0.1-ports/XFree86
- nova.cc.purdue.edu - 386BSD binaries
- under /pub/386bsd/submissions/XFree86
- ftp.cs.uwm.edu - Mach binaries
- under /i386
-
- Each binary distribution will contain a README file that describes
- what files you need to take from the archive, and which compile-time
- option selections were made when building the distribution.
-
- IV) What general things should I know about running XFree86?
-
- 11. Installation directories
-
- The top-level installation directory is specified by the ProjectRoot
- (/usr/X386, by default) variable in config/site.def. Binaries, include
- files, and libraries are installed in $ProjectRoot/{bin,include,lib}.
-
- This can be changed when rebuilding from sources, and can be modified
- via symbolic links for those OSs that support them. This directory is
- nonstandard, and was chosen this way to allow XFree86 to be installed
- alongside a commercial/vendor-supplied X implementation.
-
- 12. Configuration files
-
- The XFree86 server reads a configuration file ("Xconfig") on startup.
- The search path, contents and syntax for this file are documented in
- the server manpage, which should be consulted before asking questions.
-
- 13. Determining VGA dot clocks and monitor modes
-
- David E Wexelblat (dwex@mtgzfs3.att.com) maintains a database of known
- clock settings for VGA cards and monitor settings.
- The database is installed in /usr/X386/lib/X11/etc/modeDB.txt, and
- is in the source tree under mit/server/ddx/x386/etc. This database is
- also available from him (for the latest copy), and is kept on
- export.lcs.mit.edu in ~/contrib/X386.modeDB.Z, which is updated
- occasionally. Obtain a copy of this database. It just might have the
- settings you need. If you create new settings, please send them to
- David for inclusion in the database.
-
- If this doesn't help you, the CONFIG and Xconfig.Notes files with
- XFree86 contains tutorials on how to come up with these timings. It
- may be helpful to start with settings that almost work, and use this
- description to get them right. When you do, send the information to
- David Wexelblat for inclusion in the database.
-
- NOTE: The old 'clock.exe' program is not supported any more, and
- is completely unnecessary. If you need to determine dot
- clock values for a new board, remove the 'Clocks' line from
- your Xconfig file (if present), and start the server. The
- server will probe for clocks itself and print them out.
- You can use these values to put a 'Clocks' line into your
- Xconfig file, which is not necessary, but will speed up
- starting the server in the future.
-
- 14. Rebuilding/reconfiguring the server from the link kit
-
- If you have installed the server Binary Link Kit, it is possible to
- reconfigure the drivers and font renderers in the server. This is
- fully explained in the README file that is available with the link kit.
-
- V) What OS-specific things should I know about running XFree86?
-
- First of all, the server must be installed suid-root (mode 4755).
-
- 15. SVR4
- Why won't my xterm run properly?
-
- If your kernel is not built with the consem module, you should define
- CONSEM=no in you environment. Otherwise xterm won't run.
- csh users should use 'setenv CONSEM no'
-
- The Esix console driver patch 403019 is known to cause keymapping
- problems with XFree86. It recommended that this patch not be
- installed. Alternatively they keymap can be fixed with xmodmap.
-
- 16. SVR3
-
- Make sure you look at $FTP/README.ISC, if that's what you are running.
-
- 17. 386BSD
-
- Make sure you look at $FTP/README.386BSD.
-
- 1) What if after xdm, twm and xterm start up and run ok, the keyboard
- freezes and i have to reboot?
-
- If the server crashes and fails to put the keyboard back in ascii
- mode (e.g. your keyboard is dead but remote logins are fine), you
- can reset it by 'kbd_mode -a' from a remote login. Likewise, if a
- rogue program put the keyboard in ascii mode while the server is
- running, the keyboard will need to be reset using 'kbd_mode -u'.
-
- 2) What do I do if xdm reports 'Crypt not present in system' or xdm
- won't accept my password?
-
- If you are using the xdm binary from core-bin-1.1.tar.Z on agate,
- make sure your passwords are unencrypted. Use vipw to check the
- password file -- you should see the unencrypted passwords there.
- If so, ignore the 'Crypt not present in system' message.
-
- Why? 386BSD 0.1's stock crypt routine is a dummy (crypt_dummy.c)
- that prints this message whenever you invoke it. This message
- merely tells you that passwords are unencrypted.
-
- This dummy crypt is staticly linked into xdm in core-bin-1.1.tar.Z
- on agate, and export restrictions prevent us from providing
- binaries with a real crypt. If you need xdm with a working crypt,
- you will have to get the XFree86 distribution and rebuild xdm.
- Chris Demetriou's /usr/386bsd.errata/crypt.instructions tells you
- how to install a real crypt.
-
- [ thanks to rich@lamprey.utmb.edu for these suggestions ]
-
- 18. Linux
-
- You must be running Linux 0.97pl4 or greater, and have the 4.1 gcc
- jump libraries installed.
-
- Make sure the binaries X386, X386mono, xload and xterm are setuid root.
-
- If your kernel doesn't have TCP support compiled in, you'll have to
- run the server as "X -pn". The default startup configuration assumes
- that TCP is not available. If it is, change the two files
- /usr/X386/bin/startx and /usr/X386/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers, removing the
- -pn argument to X386.
-
- Make sure /dev/console is either a link to /dev/tty0 or has the major
- number 4, minor number 0. Also note that if /dev/console is not
- owned by the user running X, then xconsole and xterm will not permit
- console output redirection. Xdm will properly change the owner, but
- startx won't.
-
- When running xdm from rc.local, you will need to provide it with
- a tty, for example "xdm < /dev/console &".
-
- For more detailed information, please read the file README present
- with the distribution on tsx-11.mit.edu.
-
- 19. Mach
-
- Make sure you look at $FTP/README.Mach.
-
- VI) What general things should I know for building XFree86 from source?
-
- 20. Disk space requirements
-
- - about 60-70MB of free disk space is required for building XFree86. An
- additional 20-30MB is required to install the built binaries,
- - If you don't want to build PEX and/or want to minimize disk usage,
- you can remove some or all of the following directories:
-
- mit/doc mit/hardcopy
- mit/demos/auto_box mit/extensions/lib/PEX
- mit/demos/beach_ball mit/extensions/server/PEX
- mit/demos/gpc mit/extensions/test/InsPEX
- mit/fonts/PEX mit/lib/CLX
- mit/server/ddx/dec mit/server/ddx/ibm
- mit/server/ddx/macII mit/server/ddx/mips
- mit/server/ddx/omron mit/server/ddx/snf
- mit/server/ddx/sun mit/server/ddx/tek
- mit/util/PEX
-
- The following large fonts in mit/fonts/bdf/misc can also be removed:
-
- k14.bdf hang*.bdf jiskan*.bdf
-
- 21. README files to take note of
-
- $FTP/README, as well as any system-specific README file.
- Also read through 'site.def'. There are lots of documented options
- that can be changed from their defaults by editing this file.
-
- 22. Compiler recommendations
-
- gcc 2.? is *strongly* recommended for building server, libs, clients.
- In most cases it generates faster code than the standard compiler, and
- for those with a 486, its -m486 flag can provide an additional 5%
- improvement. The resulting executables will be larger, but can still
- be run on a 386 CPU with no loss in performance.
-
- VII) What OS-specific things should I know for building XFree86 from source?
-
- 23. SVR4
-
- You may need to re-tune your kernel (see the README file).
- Don't use csh, use ksh instead.
-
- 24. SVR3
-
- Make sure you look at $FTP/README.ISC, if that's what you are running.
-
- 25. 386BSD
-
- Make sure you look at $FTP/README.386BSD.
-
- 26. Linux
-
- Some Makefiles in the server are automatically generated based on
- configuration options. Under Linux, these automatic makes do not
- perform the "make depend" step. To turn that back on, change the
- definition of "Depend" in x386.cf from "emptyrule" to "depend".
-
- Makedepend is a shell script that uses ed. The public domain version
- of ed used in linux has a line length limit of 512 characters,
- and mit/lib/X has one line of 1500 characters, causing make to fail.
- Recompiling ed with a line limit of 2048 will avoid this problem.
- [ Thanks to <jon@robots.ox.ac.uk> for this suggestion ]
-
- To create private jump libraries, use the tools in the gcc shlib
- subdirectory. Change the Makefile appropriately and type "make X11".
-
- For more detailed information, please read the file README present
- with the distribution on tsx-11.mit.edu.
-
- 27. Mach
-
- Make sure you look at $FTP/README.Mach.
-
- VIII) Is there anything special about building clients with XFree86?
-
- 28. BSD compatibility library
-
- A lot of clients make use of BSD functions like bcopy(), etc.
- The default configuration files are set up to link with libXbsd.a
- which contains emulation for bcopy(), bzero(), bcmp(), ffs(), random(),
- seed(). A better way of providing the 'b' functions is to include
- <X11/Xfuncs.h> in source files that call them. Xfuncs.h provides macro
- definitions for these in terms of the SYSV 'mem' functions. If you are
- linking with a vendor supplied library which calls some of these
- functions, then you should link with libXbsd.a
-
- 29. ANSICCOPTIONS
-
- This is something that was added to allow a developer to get rid of the
- ANSI-ness defined in the default CCOPTIONS without having to rewrite
- the entire CCOPTIONS line. For example, with stock MIT, you'd see
- something like
- CCOPTIONS="-ansi -O2 -fwritable-strings"
- and to get rid of the ANSI-ness, the developer would have to put
- CCOPTIONS="-O2 -fwritable-strings"
- in his Imakefile. With this change, you would see a default of
- ANSICCOPTIONS="-ansi"
- CCOPTIONS="-O2 -fwritable-strings"
- and all the developer would have to put in the Imakefile is:
- ANSICCOPTIONS=
- to get rid of the ANSI-ness (many X clients will die a horrible death
- with -ansi). The effect is even more dramatic in practice, because
- CCOPTIONS is actually quite complex. The other issue is that one must
- add 'ANSICCOPTIONS=$(ANSICCOPTIONS)' to a PassCDebugFlags definition.
-
- CONTACT INFORMATION
-
- Ongoing development planning and support is coordinated by the XFree86
- Core Team. At this time the Core Team consists of:
-
- The original "gang of four":
- David Dawes <dawes@physics.su.oz.au>
- Glenn Lai <glenn@cs.utexas.edu>
- Jim Tsillas <jtsilla@damon.ccs.northeastern.edu>
- David Wexelblat <dwex@mtgzfs3.att.com>
-
- Those supporting non-SYSV operating systems:
- Robert Baron <Robert.Baron@ernst.mach.cs.cmu.edu> [Mach]
- Rich Murphey <rich@lamprey.utmb.edu> [386BSD]
- Orest Zborowski <obz@raster.kodak.com> [Linux]
-
- e-mail sent to <xfree86@physics.su.oz.au> will reach all of the core team.
-
- --------------------------------------------------
-
- Thanks to all the people who already sent me corrections or additions.
- --
- Steve Kotsopoulos mail: steve@ecf.toronto.edu
- Systems Analyst bitnet: steve@ecf.UTORONTO.BITNET
- Engineering Computing Facility uucp: uunet!utai!ecf!steve
- University of Toronto phone: (416) 978-5898
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- From: yanoff@csd4.csd.uwm.edu (Scott A. Yanoff)
- Newsgroups: alt.internet.services,comp.misc,biz.comp.services,alt.bbs.internet,news.answers
- Subject: Updated Internet Services List
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- Message-ID: <1g9975INN956@uwm.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: 129.89.7.4
- Summary: -Gopher (umich), -Archie (McGill-CA), -Reader's Guide, +Archie (German), +Gopher (German), +LawNet, +Gopher (CAN.), +QUERRI, +Almanac mail servers, +QRD, -C64 Mail Server, +INFO (Rutgers), +CancerNet (email),
-
- Archive-name: internet-services
-
- * SPECIAL INTERNET CONNECTIONS: Last Update: 12/8/92 *
- * Compiled By: Scott Yanoff - yanoff@csd4.csd.uwm.edu *
- * A + by an entry designates new entries/changes to the list since last update *
-
- * Finger yanoff@csd4.csd.uwm.edu to find ways to receive this list!
-
- -Agricultural Info. telnet psupen.psu.edu or telnet 128.118.36.5
- PENpages (Login: PNOTPA)
- telnet caticsuf.csufresno.edu or telnet 129.8.100.15
- CSU Freso ATI-NET (Login: super)
- telnet eureka.clemson.edu or telnet 130.127.8.3
- CUFAN (Clemson U Forestry & Ag. Net.) (Login: PUBLIC)
- ftp ftp.sura.net (get file pub/nic/agricultural.list,
- it contains agricultural email lists & services.)
- mail almanac@oes.orst.edu
- body-of-message: send guide also: send mail-catalog
-
- offers: Agricultural info (livestock reports, current market prices, etc.)
-
- +Almanac mail servers mail almanac@esusda.gov
- mail almanac@ces.ncsu.edu
- mail almanac@oes.orst.edu
- mail almanac@ecn.purdue.edu
- mail almanac@silo.ucdavis.edu
- offers: USDA market news, articles about the use of computer in agricultural
- science, and Extension Computing Technology Newsletters.
- In body of letter: send guide
-
- -Am. Philos. Assoc. telnet atl.calstate.edu or telnet 130.150.102.33
- offers: BBS for APA. (Login: apa)
-
- -Amateur Radio mail info@arrl.org
- offers: Ascii files about Amateur Radio and electronics.
- Body of letter: help, info, send <filename> or quit (ie send prospect)
-
- -Archie telnet archie.funet.fi or 128.214.6.100 (Finland/Eur.)
- telnet archie.au or 139.130.4.6 (Aussie/NZ)
- telnet archie.cs.huji.ac.il or 132.65.6.5 (Israel)
- telnet archie.doc.ic.ac.uk or 146.169.11.3 (UK/Ireland)
- telnet archie.sura.net or 128.167.254.179 (USA [MD])
- telnet archie.unl.edu or 129.93.1.14 (USA [NE])
- telnet archie.ans.net or 147.225.1.2 (USA [NY])
- telnet archie.rutgers.edu or 128.6.18.15 (USA [NJ])
- telnet archie.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp or 130.54.20.1 (JAPAN)
- telnet archie.nz or 130.195.9.4 (New Zealand)
- +telnet archie.th-darmstadt.de or 130.83.128.111 (GER.)
- offers: Searches all ftp sites for any program you want. (Login: archie)
-
- -Archie Mail Servers mail archie@<INSERT ONE OF ABOVE ADDRESSES HERE>
- Subject: help Offers: alterative Archie access to those w/o ftp or telnet.
-
- -Auroral Activity finger aurora@xi.uleth.ca or finger aurora@142.66.3.29
- offers: Auroral activity warnings/watches/sightings, updated hourly.
-
- -Baseball Scores finger jtchern@ocf.berkeley.edu for scores/standings OR
- mail jtchern@ocf.berkeley.edu w/Subject: MLB
- offers: The latter will subscribe you to receive Major League scores daily!
-
- -Backgammon Servers telnet 134.130.130.46 4321
- telnet solana.mps.ohio-state.edu 3200 or 128.146.37.78
- offers: Play Backgammon! (Login: guest)
-
- -Billboard Charts finger buckmr@aix.rpi.edu
- offers: U.S. Top Pop singles for the week.
-
- +CancerNet mail cancernet@icicb.nci.nih.gov
- offers: Obtain cancer info. statements through email. Body-of-letter: help
-
- -CARL telnet pac.carl.org or 192.54.81.128
- offers: Online database, book reviews, magazine fax delivery service.
-
- -CHAT telnet debra.dgbt.doc.ca or telnet 142.92.36.15
- offers: Interactive AIDS & Epilepsy documents & simulated conversation (Login: chat)
-
- -Chess Server telnet valkyries.andrew.cmu.edu 5000 or 128.2.232.4 5000
- offers: Play/watch real-time chess with human opponents. Type 'help' for help
-
- -Dante Project telnet library.dartmouth.edu or 129.170.16.11
- offers: Divine Comedy and reviews. (Login: connect dante)
-
- -Diplomacy mail judge@milton.u.washington.edu
- offers: Play the SSI game Diplomacy via email. Body-of-letter: help
-
- -DUATS telnet duat.gtefsd.com or telnet 131.131.7.105
- telnet duats.gtefsd.com or telnet 131.131.7.106
- offers: Aviation weather, flight planning. (Login: <last name>)
- The first address is for certified pilots, the second for uncertified.
-
- -Earthquake Info. finger quake@geophys.washington.edu or 128.95.16.50
- offers: Recent quake info (location, time, magnitude, etc.)
-
- -E-Math telnet e-math.ams.com or 130.44.1.100
- offers: Am. Math. Soc. bbs w/ software and reviews. (Login/Password: e-math)
-
- -FaxGate mail FaxGate@elvis.sovusa.com
- offers: Send a Fax via computer. In body-of-message: help
-
- -FDA BBS telnet fdabbs.fda.gov or telnet 150.148.8.48
- offers: FDA bbs (News releases, Aids info, consumer info...) (Login: bbs)
-
- -FEDIX telnet fedix.fie.com or telnet 192.111.228.33
- offers: info. on scholarships, minority assistance, etc. (login: fedix)
-
- -Freenet telnet freenet-in-[a,b,c].cwru.edu or 129.22.8.47
- telnet yfn.ysu.edu or 192.55.234.27 (Login: visitor)
- offers: USA Today Headline News, Sports, etc...
-
- -Fileserver via Email mail smiley@uiuc.edu
- In body-of-message: Filesend: help and on a separate line: Filesend: list
-
- -FTP Mail mail ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
- Subject:(hit return) Body-of-letter: help (return) quit Offers:ftp via email
-
- -FTP Mail mail bitftp@pucc.princeton.edu
- Body-of-letter: help or ftplist for a list of anon. ftp sites.
-
- -FTP Sites/Archives ftp ocf.berkeley.edu or ftp 128.32.184.254
- offers: Docs, 5 puritytests, the Bible, Dec. of Ind, lyrics..cd /pub/Library
- ftp wuarchive.wustl.edu or rainbow.cse.nau.edu or
- offers: Gif archive, pc software. plaza.aarnet.edu.au or erratic.bradley.edu
- ftp ftp.uu.net
- offers: You name it, it's here!
- ftp archive.umich.edu or sumex-aim.stanford.edu
- offers: Software for MS-Dos computers, Mac, Amiga, Apple2, Apollo...
- ftp oak.oakland.edu
- offers: A huge software archive for PCs and UNIX.
- ftp ftp.sura.net
- offers: How-to's about internet (how to email, ftp, telnet, etc.) in /pub/nic
-
- -Genetics Bank mail gene-server@bchs.uh.edu
- mail retrieve@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- mail blast@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Subject: help Offers: genetic database/nucleic acid/protein sequence.
-
- -Geographic Server telnet martini.eecs.umich.edu 3000 or 141.212.99.9 3000
- offers: Info by city or area code (Population, Lat./Long., Elevation, etc).
-
- ?Georgetown Med. Lib. telnet mars.georgetown.edu or telnet 141.161.40.4
- (Login: medlib Password: dahlgren Last name: netguest)
-
- -Global Land Info Sys. telnet glis.cr.usgs.gov or telnet 152.61.192.54
- offers: Land use maps of U.S., graphs/data of geological info.(Login: guest)
-
- -GO Server icsib18.icsi.Berkeley.EDU 6969 or 128.32.201.46 6969
- telnet cnam.cnam.fr 6969 or telnet 192.33.159.6 6969
- offers: Join others and play a game of GO. (Login/Password: choose your own)
-
- -Gopher telnet consultant.micro.umn.edu or telnet 134.84.132.4
- telnet panda.uiowa.edu or telnet 128.255.40.201
- telnet gdunix.gd.chalmers.se or 129.16.221.40 (SWEDISH)
- telnet gopher.uiuc.edu or telnet 128.174.33.160
- telnet tolten.puc.cl or telnet 146.155.1.16 (CHILE)
- telnet wsuaix.csc.wsu.edu (Login: wsuinfo)
- telnet gopher.ora.com or telnet 140.186.65.25
- +telnet gopher.th-darmstadt.de or telnet 130.83.55.75
- +telnet nstn.ns.ca or 137.186.128.11 (login: fred)
- Offers: access to other services, gophers, documents, etc. (Login: gopher)
-
- -Guitar Chords/TAB ftp ftp.nevada.edu or ftp 131.216.1.11
- offers: Tablature/Chords for guitar in /pub/guitar.
-
- -Ham Radio Callbooks telnet callsign.cs.buffalo.edu 2000 or 128.205.32.2 2000
- telnet ham.njit.edu 2000 or telnet 128.235.1.10 2000
- offers: National ham radio call-sign callbook.
-
- -Handicap/Medical Site ftp handicap.shel.isc-br.com or ftp 129.189.4.184
- offers: anonymous ftp of software and medical info.
-
- -HP Calculator BBS telnet hpcvbbs.cv.hp.com or telnet 15.255.72.16
- offers: BBS for HP Calc. users, with chat mode. (Login: new)
-
- -Hpcwire telnet hpcwire.ans.net or telnet 147.225.1.51
- offers: Excellent menu-driven information searches. (Login: hpcwire)
-
- -Hytelnet Server telnet access.usask.ca or telnet 128.233.3.1
- offers: univ. & library catalogues around the world. (Login: hytelnet)
-
- +INFO - Rutgers CWIS telnet info.rutgers.edu or telnet 128.6.26.25
- offers: (Dictionary, Thesurus, Quotations Database) Recommend select LIBRARY
-
- -Info/Software Server telnet rusmv1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de or 129.69.1.12
- offers: journals, unix stuff, etc. login: infoserv or softserv
-
- ?Inter-Ntwk Mail Guide telnet 192.134.69.8 1643
- offers: List known networks and connections to/from them, help emailing.
-
- -Internet Resrce Guide ftp nnsc.nsf.net
- offers: compressed/tar'd list of net resources in /resource-guide.txt.tar.Z
-
- -Iowa Politcl. Stk Mkt telnet ipsm.biz.uiowa.edu or 128.255.44.2
- offers: Buy & sell shares in political candidates. (Non profit research proj.)
-
- -IP Address Resolver mail resolve@cs.widener.edu
- mail dns@grasp.insa-lyon.fr (body of letter: help)
- usage: in body-of-letter: site <address here> Mails you IP address of site.
-
- -IRC Telnet Client telnet bradenville.andrew.cmu.edu or telnet 128.2.54.2
- telnet ircserver.itc.univie.ac.at 6668
- offers: Internet Relay Chat access, like a CB on the computer.
-
- -ISAAC telnet isaac.engr.washington.edu or 128.95.32.61
- offers: Info. System for Advanced Academic Computing, for IBM users.
-
- -Law Library telnet liberty.uc.wlu.edu or telnet 137.113.10.35
- ftp sulaw.law.su.oz.au (cd /pub/law)
- offers: Law libraries and legal research. (Login: lawlib)
- Offers copies of laws for each state, computer laws, and more!
-
- +LawNet telnet sparc-1.law.columbia.edu or telnet 128.59.176.78
- offers: Law/Judicial info and catalogs access. (Login: lawnet)
-
- -Library Catalogs ftp dla.ucop.edu (pub/internet/libcat-guide)
- offers: "Library Catalogs on the Internet: Strategies for Selection
- and Use" document (how, but not where; also get one of the following).
- ftp ftp.unt.edu (library/libraries.txt)
- offers: "Accessing Bibliographic Databases" document.
- ftp ariel.unm.edu (library/internet.library)
- offers: "Internet-Accessible Catalogs and Databases" document.
-
- -Library of Congress telnet dra.com or 192.65.218.43
- offers: COPY of Library of Congress (Assumes terminal is emulating a vt100).
-
- -List of Lists ftp ftp.nisc.sri.com or ftp 192.33.33.22
- mail mlol-request@wariat.org (music list of lists)
- offers: List of interest groups/email lists in /netinfo/interest-groups.
-
- -Lunar/Planet. Instit. telnet lpi.jsc.nasa.gov or telnet 192.101.147.11
- offers: Resources on Geology, Geophys, Astron., Astrophys. (Login: lpi)
-
- -Lyric/Music Server ftp ftp.uwp.edu
- ftp ftp.iastate.edu (/pub/lyrics)
- offers: Lyrics, chords/tablature, and music pictures. (/pub/music/...)
-
- -Mail Srver/Usr Lookup mail mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu
- in body of mail message: send usenet-addresses/[name searching for]
-
- -MicroMUSE telnet michael.ai.mit.edu or telnet 18.43.0.177
- offers: Educational Multi-User Simulated Environment. (Login: guest).
-
- -MOLIS telnet fedix.fie.com or telnet 192.111.228.33
- offers: Minority Online Information Service. (Login: molis)
-
- -Music Newsletter mail listserv@vm.marist.edu (internet) or
- mail listserv@marist (bitnet)
- Body-of-letter: SUBSCRIBE UPNEWS <your full name> Offers: Reviews, intviews.
-
- -NASA Headline News finger nasanews@space.mit.edu
- offers: Daily press releases from NASA.
-
- -NASA SpaceLink telnet spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov or 192.149.89.61
- offers: Latest NASA news, including shuttle launches and satellite updates.
-
- -Nat'l Education BBS telnet nebbs.nersc.gov or telnet 128.55.160.162
- offers: Education BBS (Login: guest)
-
- -NED telnet ned.ipac.caltech.edu or telnet 134.4.10.118
- offers: NASA Extragalactic Database. (Login: ned)
-
- -Netfind User Lookup rlogin/telnet bruno.cs.colorado.edu or 128.138.243.151
- offers: Given a name and org./school, finds a user for you (login: netfind)
-
- -NetLib mail netlib@ornl.gov
- mail netlib@uunet.uu.net
- Subject:(hit return) Body-of-letter: send index Offers: Software thru email
-
- -News Mail Servers mail [newsgroup]@cs.utexas.edu
- offers: Post to Usenet news via email. (eg. [newsgroup] = alt-bbs)
-
- -NICOL telnet nisc.jvnc.net or telnet 128.121.50.7
- offers: Access to internet resources, Elec. Publishing Service (Login: nicol)
-
- -NICOLAS telnet dftnic.gsfc.nasa.gov or telnet 128.183.10.3
- offers: Network Info. Center On-Line Aid System (Login: dftnic)
-
- -NNTP News Servers telnet sol.ctr.columbia.edu 119 or 128.59.64.40 119
- telnet rusmv1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de 119 or 129.69.1.12
- telnet news.fu-berlin.de 119 or 130.133.4.250 119
- offers: Telnetable access to post to the Usenet news.
-
- -NOAA telnet nodc.nodc.noaa.gov or telnet 140.90.235.10
- offers: Nat'l Oceanic and Atmos. Admin. Lots of data! (Login: NOAADIR)
-
- -NODIS telnet nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov or telnet 128.183.36.25
- telnet nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov or telnet 128.183.36.23
- offers: Menu-driven access to Nat'l Space Science Data Center (Login: nodis)
-
- -Nuclear Data Center telnet bnlnd2.dne.bnl.gov or telnet 130.199.112.132
- offers: National nuclear data. (Login: nndc)
-
- -Oceanic Info. Center telnet delocn.udel.edu or telnet 128.175.24.1
- (Login: info)
-
- -Oracle mail oracle@cs.indiana.edu w/ subject: help
- offers: The Usenet Oracle answers all your questions!
-
- -OSS-IS ftp soaf1.ssa.gov
- mail info@soaf1.ssa.gov with "send index" as your msg.
- offers: Many FAQ's, ftp lists, library and service lists, gov't documents.
-
- -PaperGate mail PaperGate@elvis.sovusa.com
- offers: Send a letter via computer. In body-of-message: help
-
- -Public-Access Unix telnet nyx.cs.du.edu or 130.253.192.68
- offers: Free account, with access to various UNIX features. (login: new)
-
- -Public-Access Unix telnet hermes.merit.edu or telnet 35.1.48.150
- telnet m-net.ann-arbor.mi.us or telnet 35.208.17.4
- (Which host: um-m-net Enter 'g' for guest. login: newuser)
-
- +Queer Resource Dir. ftp nifty.andrew.cmu.edu
- offers: AIDS info/gay rights info. Recommen get file: README ( cd pub/QRD )
-
- +QUERRI telnet isn.rdns.iastate.edu or telnet 129.186.99.13
- offers: Questions on Univ. Extension. Regional Research Info (Login: querri)
-
- -Recipe Archives ftp gatekeeper.dec.com (cd pub/recipes)
- ftp mthvax.cs.miami.edu (cd /recipes)
- offers: Anonymous ftp site for MANY food recipes.
-
- -SDDAS telnet espsun.space.swri.edu 540 or 129.162.150.99 540
- offers: SW Research Data Display & Analysis Center.
-
- -SERVICES telnet wugate.wustl.edu or 128.252.120.1
- offers: Access to nearly every listed service! (Login: services)
-
- -Sid's Music Server mail mwilkenf@silver.ucs.indiana.edu
- Subject: BOOTHELP Offers: Lists of rare live recordings, cd's for sale.
-
- -Software Server (ASK) telnet askhp.ask.uni-karlsruhe.de or 192.67.194.33
- offers: On-line software search. (Login/password: ask)
-
- -Spacemet telnet spacemet.phast.umass.edu or 128.119.50.48
- offers: Science/space bbs.
-
- -SPAN telnet nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov or telnet 128.183.36.23
- offers: Space Physics Analysis Network (Login: SPAN_NIC)
-
- -StatLib Server mail statlib@lib.stat.cmu.edu
- Mail with line: send index. Offers: Prgms, Datasets, etc. for statisticians.
-
- -STIS telnet stis.nsf.gov or 128.150.195.40
- offers: Science & Technology Information System. (Login: public)
-
- -Stock Market Report telnet a2i.rahul.net or telnet 192.160.13.1
- offers: Public access unix for a fee, market report is free! (Login: guest)
-
- -Supreme Court Rulings ftp ftp.cwru.edu
- offers: ASCII files of Supreme Court rulings in directory /hermes
-
- -Tropicl Strm Forecast finger forecast@typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu
- offers: Seasonal forecast for Atl. Ocn. Also: finger forecast@129.82.107.24
-
- -UMD Info Database telnet info.umd.edu or telnet 128.8.10.29
- offers: Info. docs on many subjects, incl. Supr. Crt Decisions (Login: info)
-
- -Used Music Server mail Used-Music-Server@cs.ucsb.edu w/ subject: help
- offers: Users can buy/sell/trade CDs/LPs/Tapes or subscribe to the list.
-
- -UNC BBS telnet launchpad.unc.edu or telnet 152.2.22.80
- offers: Access to Library of Congress & nationwide libs (Login: launchpad)
-
- -WAIStation telnet quake.think.com or telnet 192.31.181.1
- telnet nnsc.nsf.net or telnet 128.89.1.178
- telnet wais.funet.fi or telnet 128.214.6.100
- telnet sunsite.unc.edu or telnet 152.2.22.81
- offers: Wide Area Info. Service. (Login: wais or swais)
-
- -Weather Service telnet downwind.sprl.umich.edu 3000 or 141.212.196.177
- offers: City/State forecasts, ski conditions, earthquake reports, etc.
-
- -Weather Maps ftp vmd.cso.uiuc.edu
- offers: Surface analysis & current infrared weather maps GIFs. (cd wx)
-
- -Webster telnet cs.indiana.edu 2627 or 129.79.254.191 2627
- offers: Dictionary/Spelling service. Type "HELP" for info. (ALL CAPS!)
-
- -Whois Service List ftp sipb.mit.edu (pub/whois/whois-servers.list)
- offers: List of "whois" servers.
-
- -Whois Service telnet nic.ddn.mil or telnet 192.112.36.5
- offers: Way to find internet address given a keyword. To access type: whois
-
- -World-Wide Web telnet info.cern.ch or telnet 128.141.201.74 (SWISS)
- telnet eies2.njit.edu or telnet 128.235.1.43 (USA [NJ])
- telnet vms.huji.ac.il or telnet 128.139.4.3 (ISRAEL)
- telnet info.funet.fi or telnet 128.214.6.100 (FINLAND)
- offers: Access to various documents, lists, and services. (Login: www)
-
- -ZIB Electronic Libr. telnet elib.zib-berlin.de or telnet 130.73.108.11
- offers: Library of software, links to other libraries. (Login: elib)
-
- * NOTE: NO LOGIN NAMES OR PASSWORDS ARE REQUIRED UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE! *
- NOTE: FOR FTP SITES, LOGIN AS anonymous, Password is your email address.
- * PLEASE email me if you have any additional info/corrections/comments! *
- * (C) 1992. No changes are to be made to this document without the author's
- written consent. Reproduction/distribution without my permission IS
- allowable so long as this document is left fully intact.
- --
- _/\ _ !\ _ @ Milwaukee, WI - A Great Place by a Great Lake
- ! _! !! ! !_ ~~ @ ~ ~~
- ! ! ! !! ! ! !~~__=||_~ ~~~ *** Computing Services Division ***
- ! ! ! _! ! ~~~ ~\____/ ~~~ yanoff@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu soc.culture.iranian:16348 news.answers:4386
- Newsgroups: soc.culture.iranian,news.answers
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!stanford.edu!EE.Stanford.EDU!usenet
- From: mack@isl.Stanford.EDU (Siamak Hashemi)
- Subject: soc.culture.iranian: Frequently Asked Questions [monthly posting]
- Message-ID: <1992Dec2.210011.20675@EE.Stanford.EDU>
- Followup-To: soc.culture.iranian
- Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked Questions
- (and their answers) about soc.culture.iranian. It should be
- read by anyone who wishes to post to the soc.culture.iranian
- newsgroup.
- Sender: usenet@EE.Stanford.EDU (Usenet)
- Reply-To: mack@isl.Stanford.EDU (Siamak Hashemi)
- Organization: Stanford University
- Date: Wed, 2 Dec 92 21:00:11 GMT
- Approved: news-answer-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 3 January 1993
- Lines: 856
-
-
- Archive-name: iranian-faq
- Last-modified: 1992/12/2
- Version: 1.1
-
-
-
-
- Introduction to the
-
- Soc.Culture.Iranian Frequently Asked Questions (with answers)
-
- The charter of SOC.CULTURE.IRANIAN is to serve as a discussion group
- for issues related to Iran and Iranian things. This monthly posting of
- frequently asked questions (FAQ), with answers, is intended to prevent
- the recurrence of specific questions or types of questions that are
- either unanswerable, or are asked seemingly weekly. The information
- contained here is based on the best postings from the net on these
- subjects, and thanks are due to the netters who provided them.
- Information from international sources would be a welcome addition.
-
- As with any newsgroup, it is best to read it for a few weeks before
- posting anything, in order to see what topics are currently being
- discussed.
-
- It may be that some of the information in this file is outdated. If
- you want to add, delete or change any information in this FAQ, please
- email to:
-
- mack@isl.Stanford.EDU
-
- with "Iranian FAQ" as subject.
-
- Whenever possible, please include include the entire paragraph before
- and after modification, this will help me in avoiding misunderstanding
- when applying your suggestions.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Contents of this FAQ:
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 1q. Where is the anonymous FTP site for soc.culture.iranian?
- What's available there?
-
- 2q. Where is/how can I contact the closest Iranian
- consulate/embassy/interests secion?
-
- 3q. What are the Persian word processors? What are some of their
- features? Where can I get them? How much do they cost?
-
- 4q. What are the radio frequencies and broadcast times of Farsi
- speaking radio programs and/or programs originating from Iran?
-
- 5q. How do I tranfer money to/from Iran?
-
- 6q. What is the latest on military service/exemption?
-
- 7q. Where can I find/how can I contact an Iranian travel Agency?
-
- 8q. Where are the Persian/Middle Eastern stores/supermarkets in my
- area?
-
- 9q. Where can I find a Persian restaurant?
-
- 10q. What are the various Farsi magazines and newspapers, and how
- can I subscribe to them?
-
- 11q. What are the Iranian organizations around the world? How can I
- contact them?
-
- 12q. If there is not a Persian store in the area that I live, how
- can I purchase some of the items that are likely to be found
- in Persian stores? Is mail order possible?
-
- 13q. Where can I get books in Farsi?
-
- 14q. How do I watch a video cassette that was made in
- Iran/US/Europe? Where can I convert such videos from one
- system to another?
-
- 15q. How can I post to soc.culture.iranian if I don't have posting
- capability, but have e-mail access? How can I post
- anonymously?
-
- ===================================================================
-
- And here are the answers:
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 1q. Where is the Anonymous FTP site for soc.culture.iranian?
- What's available there?
-
- 1a. Tehran.Stanford.EDU [36.28.0.189] is the main ftp site
- for soc.culture.iranian. A lot of useful information can be
- found by browsing through it. Whenver anonymous ftp is
- mentioned in this file, it is implied anonymous ftp to
- tehran.Stanford.EDU. Please use the following guidelines when
- using the ftp service:
-
- o use login name anonymous
- o enter your e-mail address as password
- o in order not to increase the load on tehran, try to use
- this service after business hours, Pacific Standard Time
-
- A partial list of what's available on Tehran follows [this
- list will continue to expand on a daily basis --mack].
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - persian poetry
- Path: /FAQ/Literature/Poetry/
- Keeper/Maintainer: bashir@cs.buffalo.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o Classical poems by famous poets such as Khayyam,
- Molavi, and Qobadiani, as well as modern poems by
- poets such as Sepehri, Moshiri, and Shamloo are
- included in the above directory. In addition comic
- poems such as those by Gol-Agha and a few poems by
- unknown poets as well as some poems by SCI
- subscribers are included in this directory.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - book reviews
- Path: /FAQ/Literature/Book_Reviews/
- Keeper/Maintainer: bashir@cs.buffalo.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o A brief review on the following books are available
- in the above directory:
-
- after_you_marco_polo
- foreigner
- in_xanadu
- mantle_of_the_prophet
- masquerade_an_adventure_in_iran
- noon_val_ghalam
- persian_adventure
- persian_nights
- roots_of_revolution
- savushun
- the_road_to_oxiana
-
- o Also, the following files contain references to
- numerous books about Iran and/or Persia:
-
- books_about_iran
- books_about_persia
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - biographies of famous Iranians:
- Path: /FAQ/Literature/Biographies/
- Keeper/Maintainer: bashir@cs.buffalo.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o Summaries of biographies of famous Iranians as
- published in various publications are included in
- the above directory.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - speeches by famous Iranians:
- Path: /FAQ/Speeches/
- Keeper/Maintainer: mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o English translations of important speeches by famous
- Iranians are included in the above directory.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - gif files
- Path: /FAQ/GIF/
- Keeper/Maintainer: farhad@tehran.stanford.edu,
- anoosh@wildcat.mti.sgi.com
-
- o persian miniature drawings/paintings
- o photos
- o old/new maps of iran
- o get and read README and Image.TOC under /pub/Iran_Lib
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - persian music:
- Directory: /FAQ/Sounds
- Keeper/Maintainer: farhad@tehran.stanford.edu
-
- o Get and read binhex-help in the above directory.
- Samples of Persian music in hqx format are available
- in the above directory.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - Old/New issues of NOOR in postscript format
- Path: /FAQ/Noor/
- Keeper/Maintainer: farhad@tehran.stanford.edu
- nasser@unet.net.com
-
- o get and read README_NOOR file in the above directory
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - ISI (Informatic Society of Iran)
- Path: FAQ/Answers/isi_intro.ps
- Keeper/Maintainer: anoosh@wildcat.mti.sgi.com
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o get and print the postscript file isi_intro.ps
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - SIP (Society of Iranian Professionals)
- Path: FAQ/Answers/sip
- Keeper/Maintainer: mahyar@netcom.com
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o get and read sip for more information on SIP.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - persian name list
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/names
- Keeper/Maintainer: mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o names contains about 200 names with Persian origin,
- or commonly used names in Iran with their meaning if
- known, in alphabetical order. Especially useful for
- naming babies.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - list of Persian bookstores:
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/bookstores
- Keeper/Maintainer: nemazie@usceast.cs.scarolina.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o bookstores contains name, phone number, and contact
- address of 36 Persian bookstores, book distributors,
- and publishers world-wide.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - list of Farsi publications:
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/publications
- Keeper/Maintainer: nemazie@usceast.cs.scarolina.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o publications contains name, phone number, and
- contact address of nearly 100 Farsi publications
- world-wide.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - list of persian restaurants world-wide
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/persian_restaurants
- Keeper/Maintainer: bahman@mdi.com
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o persian_restaurants contains name, address, phone
- number, price range, and comment on quality of food
- on 63 Persian restaurants worldwide.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - list of Iranian Travel Agencies world-wide
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/travel_agencies
- Keeper/Maintainer: nemazie@usceast.cs.scarolina.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o travel_agencies contains name, address, and phone
- number of 26 Iranian owned and/or operated travel
- agencies world-wide.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - list of Persian stores world-wide
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/stores
- Keeper/Maintainer: nemazie@usceast.cs.scarolina.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o stores contains name, address, and phone number of
- 14 persian stores world-wide.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - list of Iranian mail-order services world-wide
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/mail_order
- Keeper/Maintainer: nemazie@usceast.cs.scarolina.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o mail_order contains address, and phone number of 14
- persian stores world-wide.
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - recipes of Persian dishes:
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Recipes/
- Keeper/Maintainer: mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o the recipe for for the following
- dishes/appetizers/deserts/snacks are available in
- the above directory in files with the same names:
-
- abgousht
- baghali_polo
- chelo_sefeed
- fereni
- ghareghorout
- halva
- kabab_kubideh
- khoresht_bamieh
- khoresht_fesenjoon
- khoresht_ghormeh_sabzi
- khoresht_karafs
- lavashak
- nan_khamehie
- paneer
- rangeenak
- tahcheen
- zereshk_polo
-
- ===============================================================
-
- - pictures of SCI subscribers in gif format:
- Path: /FAQ/Pictures/
- Keeper/Maintainer: farhad@tehran.stanford.edu
-
- o scanned pictures of some SCI subscribers is
- available in the above directory.
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 2q. Where is/how can I contact the closest Iranian
- consulate/embassy/interests secion?
-
- 2a. In United States:
-
- Embassy of the Republic of Pakistan
- Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW
- Washington, DC 20007
- Tel: (202) 965-4990 to 94
-
- Here's what a netter had to say about their service:
-
- => Thanks to all those responded to my earlier request
- => with regard to passport renewal. I contacted the
- => Iranian Interest Section in D.C. (202) 965-4990 to 94
- => and was kindly connected to an automatic fax facility
- => that sent me the forms I requested (via the touch-tone
- => interface). I was both surprised and delighted with the
- => service and the speed of transmission, i.e., as soon as
- => I hang up, the forms were coming out of my fax machine!
- => This service is available even outside the regular
- => business hours of the interest section (take advantage
- => of discount long distance times!) You can also send the
- => interest section a fax with your requests, messages,
- => etc. at (202) 965-1073.
- =>
- => These are some of the three-digit codes that might be
- => of interest to this newsgroup. (use these codes to
- => punch in the form you want to order) You can get a
- => complete list of these codes by using the 700 code (is
- => 700 the lucky number? :^) )
- =>
- => 100 tamdeed, tajdeed, or tafkeek gozarnameh
- => 900 similar to option 100 for students with green card
- => 055 similar to option 100 for students with F-1
- => 427 information about military service
- => 903 approval of student visa
- => 054 approval of student documents
- => 600 buying Iran-Air tickets
- => 901 request for exit stamp for students with F-1
- => 902 " " " " " " " " " " green card
- => 300 " " " " " " for people with green card
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 3q. What are the Persian word processors? What are some of their
- features? Where can I get them? How much do they cost?
-
- 3a. We have a fairly comprehensive input from:
- Kees van 't Hoff, CWI, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Here goes his contribution: (many thanks Kees)
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Good idea!!!
-
- I have been away quite a while myself, but I am back again, so
- I'll post my list about word-processing which could be
- included in such a FAQ-list.
-
- Latest change: Prof. Lagally's LaTeX macro's latest release
- (2), incompatible with previous releases.
-
- The list that hopefully says it all about farsi word-processing.
-
- Please feel free to make (or mail me) any corrections and/or
- additions to the list.
-
-
- MAC:
-
- AlKaatib:
- Is a right-to-left editor and comes with an Arabic
- font, in any case bitmaps. Is supposed to run under
- MultiFinder. You type your text in AlKaatib, and then
- copy and paste it into your favorite application
- (MacWrite, MS-Word, Excel etc.)
- Personally, I've used version 1.0 from an illegal copy
- back in 1986 for a while, but did not really like the
- concept, so I never bought it.
- Price: $199.00 retail; Alkaatib
- $199.00 retail; Alkaatib Laser Font (PostScript)
- $299.00 retail; Tawfiq Laser Font Family (postScript)
- $199.00 retail; Ferdosi Laser Font (Postscript)
- Availability: Eastern Language Systems
- 39 West 330 North
- Provo, UT 84601
- 1-801-377-4558
- According to recent news, the Mac line is no longer
- supported, but just the MS-DOS line.
-
- WinText:
- Is a mixed left-to-right, right-to-left wordprocessor.
- It uses AIS (Arabic Interface System) or PIS (Persian
- InterfaceSystem), the Apple systems for use with the
- Arabic script (see below).
- I have been playing around with a demo-version and was
- quite impressed. However, I have heard rumours that it
- does not like large documents, but never seen real
- proof of this.
- The price was too steep for my intentional use (just
- personal correspondence).
- Price: 2200 FF (french francs), approx. $350-$400.
- (Last year's price)
- Availability: WinSoft
- 34 Boulevard de l'Esplanade
- 38000 Grenoble
- FRANCE
- tel: (33) 76875601
-
- Patrick Jost's shareware Persian/Arabic text processing
- capabilities.
- I have no idea about this, but he announced his
- package on soc.culture.arabic last year.
- Price: shareware, $15 (US-price)
- Availability: Patrick Jost
- 12228 Venice Boulevard #495
- Los Angeles, CA 9006
- jost@coyote.trw.com
-
- Nisus:
- Nothing as of yet, but they have announced that they
- will have an Arabic version in october, based on Nisus
- 3.06.
- Price will probably around $350, but maybe an academic
- rebate ala normal Nisus.
- Availability: Contact Paragon (+44) 81 642 2255)
- or fax: (+44) 81 642 4621 (in Europe)
- I don't know any numbers in the US)
- I have heard it is out by now.
-
- PIS, AIS:
- The interface systems by Apple for the Arabic script,
- AIS and PIS, are as far as I know only available
- through APDA (Apple Programmers Developers
- Association). You can find them on their CD-ROM's
- (latest version: 6.0.7). Companies like WinSoft can
- give you the interface system for an additional price,
- when you buy their products.
-
-
- PC's:
- There must be quite a few of them around, but being a
- DOS-illiterate, I have no idea about them, apart from a
- shareware one (posted by Ala), and an announcement I saved
- from comp.text and soc.culture.arabic.
-
- INTEXT:
- Available through ftp: vmd.cso.uiuc.edu
- name: ipfs
- passwd: mark
- command: quote acct iran
- command: binary
- command: get INTEXT.ZIP
- and you have the unzippable (PKUNZIP) version.
-
- Multi-Lingual-Scribe:
- Wordprocessing program supporting 5 to 10 different
- languages, including arabic. Works with matrix and laser
- printers.
- Price: ?
- Availability: Gamma Productions
- 710 Willshire Blvd, suite 609
- Santa Monica CA 90401
- Tel: (310) 394-8622
- This info is two years old, so don't sue me if it does not
- proof to be correct!
-
- Various systems:
-
- TEX:
- There are at least two TEX packages I know of. Since TEX
- runs on different platforms, you could probably move it
- almost anywhere.
-
- ARABTEX:
- This is Prof. Klaus Lagally's LaTeX extension for Arabic
- writing. It consists of three packages: the actual Arabtex
- package, the MetaFont package (for those interested), and
- the style files used by Arabtex. Most recent version: 2
- (spring 1992). The latest version has better support for
- Farsi. It worked wonderfully for me, both on my
- Sparcstation and on my Mac (with OzTeX, also a free
- package).
- Price: free
- Availability:
- anonymous ftp: ymir.claremont.edu (134.173.4.23) (USA)
- tex.babel.arabic.macros-lagally and
- tex.babel.arabic.fonts-lagally
- or
- ifi.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de (129.69.211.11) (Europe)
- pub/arabtex
- or
- nuri.inria.fr (128.93.1.26) (Europe)
- /TeX/tools/arabic
- or
- mail to FILESERV@SHSU.BITNET
- and include the lines:
- SENDME ArabTex.TEX
- SENDME ArabTex_MF
- SENDME ArabTex_STYLE
- in your mail to get the complete package.
-
- PARTEX:
- A package also known as ATEX, as far as I know by Terry
- Regier (regier@cogsci.berkeley.edu). The drawback is that
- it needs a filter before you call LaTeX, but the filter is
- relatively simple and easily adjustable. Also it uses
- Yannis Haralambous (France) fonts, and I don't know
- whether these are still available in the public domain. He
- used to mail them to interested people, and I have a copy,
- but I don't know whether I have any rights to distribute
- them (see below).
- It worked fine for me however.
- Price: free
- Availability:
- anonymous ftp: ymir.claremont.edu (134.173.4.23)
- tex.babel.arabic.atex
- or
- icsi-ftp.berkeley.edu
- pub/ai/atex/atex.tar.Z
-
- SCHOLARTEX:
- A package by Yannis Haralambous ( yannis@FRCITL81.BITNET)
- for Mac and MS-DOS, supposedly handling almost any language.
- Price: approx. $200 (institutes pay a higher price)
- Availability:
- Yannis Haralambous
- 101/11, rue Breughel
- 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq
- France
- Tel. (33) 20.05.28.80
- Fax (33) 20.91.05.64
- Bitnet: yannis@frcitl81
-
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 4q. What are the radio frequencies and broadcast times of Farsi
- speaking radio programs and/or programs originating from Iran?
-
- 4a. Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting
-
- Frequencies below 3000 kHz are medium wave broadcasts and
- can only be heard in areas in the immediate vicinity of
- Iran (unless you have an exceptional receiver and a
- special type of antenna). Receiving FM broadcasts abroad,
- on the other hand, is virtually impossible.
-
- Radio Tehran External Service Schedule:
-
- Broadcasting Schedule: No. Nov. 91 - Feb. 92 (D91-92)
-
- Program UTC/GMT Target Areas Frequency (kHz)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------
- English 1130-1230** East Asia 11790, 11930, 9685
- Middle East 9525, 7215, 1224, 702
- 1400-1500 West Asia 702
- 1930-2030* Europe 9022, 15260, 6030
- 0030-0130** America 9022, 15260, 9720
- French 0630-0730* Europe 9022, 9720, 15260
- 1830-1930* Europe 9022, 15260, 6030
- German 1730-1830* Europe 9022, 15260, 6030
- Russian 1530-1630 West Asia 9022, 11790, 1404, 1449
- 1930-2030 West Asia 1404
- Spanish 2030-2130* Europe 9022, 15260
- 0130-0230** America 9022, 9720, 15260
- 0530-0630* Europe 9022, 9720, 15260
-
- * For Tehran on FM (100.7 MHz)
- * For Tehran on FM (97.7 MHz)
-
-
- Correspondence can be addressed to
-
- IRIB
- External Service
- P.O. Box 3333
- Tehran 19395
- Iran
-
- *******************************************************************
-
- Voice of America
-
- The following are times and frequencies of the Persian
- language programs of the Voice of America and the BBC.
- The information presented is at least six months old, so
- there could have been some changes since then.
-
- Time (UTC) Frequency (kHz)
- -------------------------------------------------
- 0300-0430 7651 *, 9635, 9700, 11805, 15105
- 1700-1900 6160, 7280, 9680, 11835
-
- * This frequency is used for the broadcast in Single
- Sideband mode (Lower). It is the frequency of the
- station in the US that relays the program to Greece.
- Your receiver needs to be equipped with a certain type
- of circuitry in order to demodulate this broadcast. All
- other frequencies originate in Greece and are in normal
- AM.
-
- *******************************************************************
-
- British Broadcasting Company
-
- BBC:
-
- Time (Tehran) Frequency (kHz)
- ------------------------------------------------
- 0600-0630 720, 1413, 9590, 11740, 15575
- 1945-2030 1413, 7160, 11720, 15575
- 2200-2230 720, 1413, 7160, 11720
-
- Note: UTC = Tehran Time - 3.5
-
- *******************************************************************
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 5q. How do I tranfer money to/from Iran?
-
- 5a. The easiest way to transfer money from US to Iran is through
- Bank Melli Iran. They have a branch in New York. You can wire
- the funds from any bank in the US to Bank Melli in New York
- along with the receiving party's name and address (or account
- number) in Iran. For a nominal fee, Bank Melli will transfer
- the funds to Iran within a few days.
-
- Bank Melli Iran
- New York Branch
- 628 Madison Avenue,
- New York, N.Y. 10022
- (212) 759-4700
-
- They have a post office box too:
-
- Post Office Box 1420
- F.D.R. Station
- New York, N.Y. 10150
-
- Bank Melli also has a branch in Los Angeles:
-
- Bank Melli Iran
- Los Angeles Branch
- 818 Wilshire Boulevard
- Los Angeles, Ca 90017
-
- There are contact numbers for Bank Saderat both in New York
- and in Los Angeles:
-
- Bank Saderat Iran
- New York Branch
- (212) 753-6400
-
- Bank Saderat Iran
- Los Angeles Branch
- (213) 489-2900
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 6q. What is the latest on military service/exemption?
-
- 6a. From: bamini@athena.mit.edu
-
- I have some info on one of the unanswered questions in the FAQ,
- namely "What's the latest on millitary exemption/service?'
-
- From what I've been told by relatives in Iran, for a nominal
- fee of 8 to 10 *thousand* dollars, one can 'purchase' their
- exemption from millitary service.
-
- Also note that millitary service is mandatory for all Iranian
- men above a certian age (17?), and that the government has
- a rather loose interpretation of the definition of Iranian
- citizenship. If your parents are Iranian, you are considered
- an Iranian citizen and eligible for service ***even if you were
- born in some other contry*** Even if you've lived in that other
- country all your life.
-
- Bob Amini
- bamini@athena.mit.edu
-
- [more info would be appreciated --mack]
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 7q. Where can I find/how can I contact an Iranian travel Agency?
-
- 7a. Available via anonymous ftp (see 1a for more info):
-
- -list of Iranian Travel Agencies world-wide
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/travel_agencies
-
- o travel_agencies contains address, and phone number
- of 26 Iranian owned and/or operated travel agencies
- world-wide.
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 8q. Where are the Persian/Middle Eastern stores/supermarkets in my
- area?
-
- 8a. Available via anonymous ftp (see 1a for more info):
-
- -list of Persian stores world-wide
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/stores
-
- o stores contains address, and phone number of 14
- persian stores world-wide.
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 9q. Where can I find a Persian restaurant?
-
- 9a. Available via anonymous ftp (see 1a for more info):
-
- - list of persian restaurants world-wide
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/persian_restaurants
- Keeper/Maintainer: bahman@mdi.com
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o persian_restaurants contains address, phone number,
- price range, and comment on quality of food on 63
- Persian restaurants worldwide.
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 10q. What are the various Farsi magazines and newspapers, and how
- can I subscribe to them?
-
- 10a. Available via anonymous ftp (see 1a for more info):
-
- - list of Farsi publications:
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/publications
- Keeper/Maintainer: nemazie@usceast.cs.scarolina.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o publications contains name, phone number, and
- contact address of nearly 100 Farsi publications
- world-wide.
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 11q. What are the Iranian organizations around the world? How can I
- contact them?
-
- 11a. Available via anonymous ftp (see 1a for more info):
-
- - list of Iranian organizations:
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/organizations
- Keeper/Maintainer: nemazie@usceast.cs.scarolina.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o organizations contains name, phone number, and
- contact address of 34 Iranian organizations
- world-wide.
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 12q. If there is not a Persian store in the area that I live, how
- can I purchase some of the items that are likely to be found
- in Persian stores? Is mail order possible?
-
- 12a. Available via anonymous ftp (see 1a for more info):
-
- -list of Iranian mail-order services world-wide
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/mail_order
- Keeper/Maintainer: nemazie@usceast.cs.scarolina.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
-
- o mail_order contains address, and phone number of 14
- persian stores world-wide.
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 13q. Where can I get books in Farsi?
-
- 13a. Available via anonymous ftp (see 1a for more info):
-
- - list of Persian bookstores:
- Path: FAQ/Answers/Yellow_Pages/bookstores
- Keeper/Maintainer: nemazie@usceast.cs.scarolina.edu
- mack@isl.stanford.edu
- o bookstores contains name, phone number, and contact
- address of 36 Persian bookstores, book distributors,
- and publishers world-wide.
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 14q. How do I watch a video cassette that was made in
- Iran/US/Europe? Where can I convert such videos from one
- system to another?
-
- 14a. [someone help me with this --mack]
-
- ===================================================================
-
- 15q. How can I post to soc.culture.iranian if I don't have posting
- capability, but have e-mail access? How can I post
- anonymously?
-
- 15a. Mr. Shahrokh Mortazavi has been kind enough to set up a
- posting service that can be used via e-mail. Here's what you
- need to do:
-
- E-mail *anonymous* posts to : sci-anon-poster@handel.sun.com
- E-mail regular posts to : sci-poster@handel.sun.com
- E-mail anonymity checks to : sci-anon-poster-ping@handel.sun.com
- E-mail problems to : smortaz@handel.sun.com
- Anonymous posts: lines after '--' in col 1 are removed (signatures)
- >> Test before posting anonymously! <<
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- End FAQ
-
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu alt.irc:6634 alt.irc.ircii:181 news.answers:4105
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!news.bbn.com!olivea!sun-barr!cs.utexas.edu!usc!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!eff!eff.org!hrose
- From: hrose@eff.org (Helen Trillian Rose)
- Newsgroups: alt.irc,alt.irc.ircii,news.answers
- Subject: IRC Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked Questions
- (and their answers) about IRC, Internet Relay Chat. Please read
- this before posting to the alt.irc or alt.irc.ircii newsgroups.
- Message-ID: <HROSE.92Nov18154747@rocza.eff.org>
- Date: 18 Nov 92 20:47:50 GMT
- Sender: usenet@eff.org (NNTP News Poster)
- Reply-To: hrose@eff.org
- Followup-To: poster
- Organization: The Evil Fascist IRC Admins From Hell, Inc.
- Lines: 168
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: rocza.eff.org
-
-
- Archive-name: irc-faq
- Last-modified: 1992/10/01
- Version: 1.0
-
- (1) What is IRC?
-
- IRC stands for "Internet Relay Chat". It was written by Jarkko
- Oikarinen (jto@tolsun.oulu.fi) in 1988. Since starting in Finland, it
- has been used in some 20+ countries spanning the globe. It was designed
- as a replacement for the "talk" program but has become much much more
- than that. IRC is a multi-user chat system, where people convene on
- "channels" (a virtual place, usually with a topic of conversation) to
- talk in groups, or privately.
- IRC gained international fame during the late Persian Gulf War,
- where updates from around the world came accross the wire, and most
- people on irc gathered on a single channel to hear these reports.
-
- (2) How is IRC set up?
-
- The user runs a "client" program (usually called 'irc') which
- connects to the irc network via another program called a "server".
- Servers exist to pass messages from user to user over the irc network.
-
- (3) How do I use a client?
-
- You either compile the source yourself, have someone else on
- your machine compile the source for you, or use the TELNET client.
- "telnet bradenville.andrew.cmu.edu". Please only use the latter when you
- have no other way of reaching irc, as this resource is quite limited.
- bradenville is also spotty in it's uptimes and may not always be
- avaliable.
-
- (4) Where can I get source for the irc client?
-
- UNIX client-> cs.bu.edu /irc/clients
- plod.cbme.unsw.edu.au
- nic.funet.fi pub/unix/irc
- ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de pub/net/irc
- slopoke.mlb.semi.harris.com
- there is also a client avaliable with the server code.
- EMACS elisp-> cs.bu.edu /irc/clients/elisp
- nic.funet.fi
- ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de
- slopoke.mlb.semi.harris.com
- EMACS elisp "irchat"-> cs.bu.edu /irc/clients/elisp
- lehtori.cc.tut.fi:/pub/irchat
- nic.funet.fi:/pub/irchat
- VMS -> cs.bu.edu /irc/clients/vms
- coombs.anu.edu.au
- REXX client for VM-> cs.bu.edu /irc/clients/rxirc
- ftp.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de pub/irc/rxirc
- MSDOS-> cs.bu.edu /irc/clients/msdos
- freebie.engin.umich.edu:/pub/irc/clients/MSDOS
-
- Macintosh-> cs.bu.edu /irc/clients/macintosh
- sumex-aim.stanford.edu /info-mac/comm
-
- (5) Which server do I connect to?
-
- It's usually best to try and connect to one geographically
- close, even though that may not be the best. You can always ask when you
- get on irc. Here's a list of servers avaliable for connection:
- csd.bu.edu
- ucsu.colorado.edu
- badger.ugcs.caltech.edu
- ug.cs.dal.ca
- nic.funet.fi
- vesuv.unisg.ch
- munagin.ee.mu.oz.au [Oz only]
- sunsystem2.informatik.tu-muenchen.de
-
- This is, by no means, a comprehensive list, but merely a start. Connect
- to the closest of these servers and join the channel #Twilight_Zone
- When you get there, immediately ask what you want. Don't say "I have a
- question" because then hardly anyone will talk.
-
- (6) OK, I've got a client and I'm connected to a server? Now what?
-
- It's probably best to take a look around and see what you want
- to do first. All irc commands start with a "/", and most are one word.
- Typing /help will get you help information. /names will get you a list
- of names, etc.
-
- The output is typically something like this-> (Note there are more
- channels than this, this is just sample output).
-
- Pub: #hack zorgo eiji Patrick fup htoaster
- Pub: #Nippon @jircc @miyu_d
- Pub: #nicole MountainD
- Pub: #hottub omar liron beer Deadog moh pfloyd Dode greywolf SAMANTHA
-
- "Pub" means public (or "visible") channel. "hack" is the channel name.
- "#" is the prefix (see number 7 below). A "@" before someone's nickname
- indicates he/she is the "Channel operator" of that channel. A Channel
- Operator is someone who has control over a specific channel. It can be
- shared or not as the first Channel Operator sees fit. The first person
- to join the channel automatically gets Channel Operator, and can share
- it with anyone he/she chooses (or not).
-
- (7) I hear this talk about "+" channels, but I don't see any. What were
- they?
-
- "+" channels were in older server versions. They no longer
- exist, and probably will stay dead in later code revisions.
-
- (8) What are good channels to try while using irc?
-
- #hottub and #initgame are almost always teeming with people.
- #hottub is meant to simulate a hot tub, and #initgame is non-stop game
- of "inits" (initials). Just join and find out!
- Many irc operators are in #Twilight_Zone ... so if you join
- that channel and don't hear much talking, don't worry, it's not because
- you joined, operators don't talk much on that channel anyways!
-
- (9) How can I find out more about how + and # channels have changed?
-
- ftp to cs.bu.edu and look at irc/irc-2.7.CHANGES
-
- (10) What if someone tells me to type something cryptic?
-
- Never type anything anyone tells you to without knowing what it
- is. There is a problem with typing a certain command with the ircII
- client that gives anyone immediate control of your client (and thus can
- alter your account environment also).
-
- (11) What is NickServ? What if I can't remember my NickServ password?
-
- To quote from NickServ's help text, NickServ's purpose is to
- keep unique nicknames on irc. NickServ sends a warning to anyone else
- who signs on with your nickname. If you don't use IRC for 10 weeks,
- your nickname expires for reuse.
-
- Only a NickServ operator can change your nickserv password.
- To find out which NickServ operators are online, send
- /msg NickServ@service.de OPERWHO
-
- Nicknames with a "*" next to them are online at the time.
-
- (12) What is IPCLUB? GIF-Archives of IRC-persons?
-
- IPCLUB stands for IRC Picture Club. It is an E-Mail service
- provided by tommi@phoenix.oulu.fi for all the users of the Internet. For
- more help, mail tommi@phoenix.oulu.fi with the subject of "IPCLUB/HELP".
-
- (13) Where can I learn more?
-
- A good place to start might be downloading the irc tutorials.
- They're avaliable via anonymous ftp from cs.bu.edu in
- /irc/support/tutorial.* .. You can also join various IRC related mailing
- lists. "operlist" is a list that discusses current (and past) server
- code, routing, and protocol. You can join by mailing
- operlist-request@eff.org. You can join the irchat mailing list by
- mailing irchat-request@cc.tut.fi. There is a low traffic ircII mailing
- list, mail dl2p+@andrew.cmu.edu to be added. Another mailing list,
- ircd-three@eff.org, exists to discuss protocol revisions for the 3.0
- release of the ircd, currently in planning. Mail
- ircd-three-request@eff.org to be added to that.
-
- (13) What do I do if I'm still confused or have additions to this posting?
-
- email hrose@eff.org or ask for help (in #Twilight_Zone) on irc.
-
- --
- Helen Trillian Rose <hrose@eff.org, hrose@kei.com>
- Electronic Frontier Foundation email eff@eff.org for EFF Info
- Kapor Enterprises, Inc. Flames to:
- Systems and Networks Administration women-not-to-be-messed-with@eff.org
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu news.newusers.questions:11845 news.software.readers:3026 news.answers:4746
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!hri.com!spool.mu.edu!darwin.sura.net!haven.umd.edu!umd5!syrinx.umd.edu!phillips
- From: phillips@syrinx.umd.edu (Leanne Phillips)
- Newsgroups: news.newusers.questions,news.software.readers,news.answers
- Subject: rn KILL file FAQ
- Message-ID: <killfile.faq_724990397@syrinx.umd.edu>
- Date: 22 Dec 92 02:13:24 GMT
- Expires: 21 Jan 93 14:13:17 GMT
- Sender: news@umd5.umd.edu
- Reply-To: phillips@syrinx.umd.edu
- Followup-To: news.newusers.questions
- Organization: University of Maryland, College Park
- Lines: 183
- Approved: news-answers-request@mit.edu
- Supersedes: <killfile.faq_722373878@syrinx.umd.edu>
- Originator: phillips@syrinx.umd.edu
-
- Archive-name: killfile-faq
- Last modified: 23 Oct 1992
-
- Send comments, suggestions, corrections to phillips@syrinx.umd.edu.
-
- Rn and trn, and other varieties of rn, have a very useful feature called
- the KILL file, which allows you to kill (skip over) articles that you don't
- want to see. There is some support for killfiles in xrn, but the support is
- limited; nothing in here is guaranteed to work for xrn. See the xrn
- man page.
-
- KILL files come in two forms:
- Global: In your News directory, you will have the file KILL.
- Local: In your News directory, the killfile for group foo.bar
- will be foo/bar/KILL.
- The difference between the two is that there can be one killfile for
- each group (the local killfile), and that killfile affects only the
- particular newsgroup (foo/bar/KILL affects only foo.bar; baz/quex/KILL
- affects only baz.quex, etc). The global killfile affects all newsgroups.
- (There's a way to change the default names of the killfiles, but it's
- more complicated than I want to get into here. See the rn(1) man page.)
-
- Killfiles allow you to kill articles based on a number of criteria:
- a subject line, a general subject, articles from one poster, articles
- from one site, articles cross-posted from any other group, or from one
- other group in particular, and articles that are follow-ups to anything at
- all (that is, anything with the Re: in the subject line). You can also
- kill articles with a particular string anywhere in the article.
-
- This article assumes you know how to use an editor and that you have
- created the directories for any local killfiles you may need. Remember
- that the name of the file is KILL, not kill or Kill; caps are important.
-
- The general style for building a kill line is:
-
- /pattern/modifiers:command
-
- Now, that is obviously not useful to know without understanding it. The
- modifiers and commands are all explained in the rn man page, but here are
- some useful ones:
- Modifiers:
- a: all, look through the entire article for the pattern
- h: look through the header of the article for the pattern
- Commands:
- m mark as unread
- j mark as read
- = show subject line
- If no modifier appears before the colon, only the subject line of the
- article is searched. More than one command can be performed by using
- the style:
-
- /pattern/modifier:command:command
- Thus, for instance, you can use j and = together to see the exact subject
- lines being killed.
- It doesn't matter if you use uppercase or lowercase in the pattern; the
- program will assume they're the same thing. That is, "Test" and "test"
- used in the pattern mean exactly the same thing; only one is necessary.
- If you want case to matter, see the rn(1) man page, the 'c' modifier.
-
- The easiest way to kill a subject line is to kill it from within the
- newsgroup. When the subject line comes up that you want to kill, instead
- of using 'n' to skip that article or 'k' to kill the subject for that
- session, type 'K'. The subject line will then be entered into your KILL
- file for that group. If you want to put that line into your global KILL
- file, you'll have to do that yourself. (If you don't need it in your global
- file, it's best not to put it there - global kill files slow down your news
- reading a lot. So does using the 'a' modifier; use it sparingly.)
- (I should mention here the easiest way to start editing your kill files.
- Typing control-k when you're being asked to pick a newsgroup to read will
- start you editing the global killfile; typing the same thing when you're
- reading a newsgroup will start up the editing with the kill file for that
- group. If it doesn't exist, it will create it - including the directories
- necessary. This method is particularly recommended for people creating their
- first kill file.)
-
- To kill a general subject, ie any 'test' messages, put in the pattern:
- /test/:j
- This will kill anything with the word 'test' in the subject line.
-
- To kill anything that is a followup to any article, use this pattern:
- /.*Re:/:j
- This kills anything beginning with Re:.
-
- To kill cross-posts from one particular group, say foo.bar, try this:
-
- /Newsgroups:.*[ ,]foo\.bar/h:j
-
- This searches the header (the 'h' modifier) for any line containing the
- string 'Newsgroups:' (which all articles do), as well as the string
- 'foo.bar'. The other elements of this line are part of the regular
- expression meta-language; see the ed(1) man page for more details.
- (Note that all of them are necessary, particularly the '\' before the
- '.' in foo\.bar.)
-
- To kill all cross-posts, from any group at all:
-
- /Newsgroups:.*,/h:j
-
- If the Newsgroups: line has a ',' in it, it's a cross-post, and therefore
- this will find it.
- Note that the above line searches the entire header, included the
- Subject: line, for that pattern. So a Subject line like:
- Subject: I hate the Newsgroups: line, don't you?
- would get killed by that pattern, because it has a 'Newsgroups:' part, and
- a ','. To make it work properly, use the 'start of line' character, ^.
- The ^ isn't actually there when you look at the header yourself; it just
- means to look for the beginning of the line. So, to kill cross-posts:
-
- /^Newsgroups:.*,/h:j
-
- should be used instead. (Use of the ^ is recommended if you know the
- pattern you want to catch will be at the beginning of the line; it makes
- searching a lot faster.)
-
- To kill articles from a single poster, you need to know the userid and
- nodename of the poster; for this example we'll use noone@anywhere.all.
-
- /From: *noone@anywhere\.all/h:j
-
- For articles from a particular site, just remove the 'noone' from the
- previous line, and articles from the machine 'anywhere.all' will be killed.
- (Note again that the \ is important.)
-
- Now, after all that, you might suddenly find out that you killed articles
- from someone whose posts you want to read even if they write about subjects
- you don't want to read. For that, you need to 'unkill' the articles by
- them:
- /From: *name of person you want to read/h:m
- So, if you suddenly decided you wanted to read noone@anywhere.all's
- postings, after having deleted them above, you would add this line:
-
- /From: *noone@anywhere\.all/h:m
-
- The 'm' becomes useful suddenly. You can substitute m for j any time
- you need to, up above. In fact, you can kill everything in a newsgroup and
- only read what you want to read by using the 'm' feature, and putting this
- line at the top of your KILL file:
-
- /^/:j
- This method has a problem, though. Specifically, it marks even those
- you've already read (really read, not just marked as read) as unread. So,
- there's another way to do it:
- /pattern/:=:M
- (check the rn(1) man page for the M command). This lists all the subjects
- of the new articles, and then gives those articles to the M command. (You
- then have to type 'Y' after the M command has finished.) (For more complete
- information, please write me, and I'll forward on to you an example that was
- posted by David Tamkin.)
-
- Finally, you can kill (or mark, of course) a particular pattern appearing
- anywhere in the article, as opposed to just the Subject: line or the header:
-
- /pattern/a:j
- and
- /pattern/a:m
-
- This is useful for, for instance, killing all articles by a certain user,
- followups to said user's articles, and even mention of the user by userid
- and node, or, conversely, by marking all of those conversations as unread
- so you can read them if they've been killed accidentally by your other
- entries.
-
- Further information is available in the rn man page, particularly on
- other available commands and modifiers. Regular expression syntax is
- in the ed(1) man page; the xrn man page gives information about the quirks
- of xrn in relation to killfiles.
-
- I'd like to thank Jonathan Kamens and Rich Salz in particular for their
- help, and everyone else who's sent in comments, criticisms, and suggestions;
- keep them coming, folks!
-
- Minor administrative note to the suggestors: Several people have suggested
- that, in junking all of the articles and then marking only the desirable
- ones to read, you need to use the 'r' modifier (search read articles as
- well as unread). According to the man page I read, you don't need that;
- if 'm' is the first command, the 'r' is assumed. If anyone wants to test
- this and tell me it's wrong, please do. But please only tell me if it's
- wrong; I'll assume it's right until someone tells me otherwise. :-)
-
- Leanne Phillips
- "Go not unto the Elves for counsel, for they will say both yea and nay."
- "Now is _not_ a good time, Keiko!" - Worf, "Disaster"
- "Variety is the spice of life, and I don't want to die." - Scott Borst
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu news.answers:4542 sci.math.num-analysis:6341
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!rutgers!sun-barr!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!timbuk.cray.com!walter.cray.com!jwg
- From: jwg@cray.com (John W. Gregory)
- Newsgroups: news.answers,sci.math.num-analysis
- Subject: Linear Programming FAQ
- Summary: A List of Frequently Asked Questions about Linear Programming
- Keywords: FAQ, LP, Linear Programming
- Message-ID: <linear-programming-faq-1-724103080@cray.com>
- Date: 11 Dec 92 19:44:49 GMT
- Expires: 02/14/93
- Reply-To: jwg@cray.com (John W. Gregory)
- Followup-To: sci.math.num-analysis
- Organization: Cray Research, Inc., Eagan MN USA
- Lines: 707
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Originator: jwg@ceres
- Nntp-Posting-Host: ceres.cray.com
-
- Posted-By: auto-faq 2.4
- Archive-name: linear-programming-faq
- Last-modified: 1992/12/11
-
-
- Linear Programming - Frequently Asked Questions List
- (lp_faq)
- Most recent update: December 11, 1992
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 0. "What's in this FAQ?"
-
- A: Table of Contents
- 0. "What's in this FAQ?" (Oh no! Is this a recursion?)
- 1. "What is Linear Programming?"
- 2. "Where is there a good code, preferably public domain, to solve
- Linear Programming problems?"
- 3. "Oh, and we also want to solve it as an integer program. I think
- there will be only a few thousand variables or so."
- 4. "I've written my own optimization code. Where are some test models?"
- 5. "What is MPS format?"
- 6. "What software is there for non-linear optimization?"
- 7. "What references are there in this field?"
- 8. "Just a quick question..."
- 9. "Who maintains this FAQ list?"
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 1. "What is Linear Programming?"
-
- A: A linear program (LP) is a problem that can be put into the form
-
- minimize cx
- subject to Ax=b
- x>=0
-
- where x is a vector to be solved for, A is a matrix of known coefficients,
- and c and b are vectors of known coefficients. All these entities must
- have consistent dimensions, of course, and you can add "transpose" symbols
- to taste. The matrix A is generally not square, hence you don't solve an
- LP by just inverting A. Usually A has more columns than rows, so Ax=b
- is therefore underdetermined, leaving great latitude in the choice of x
- with which to minimize cx.
-
- Other formulations can be used in this framework. For instance, if you
- want to maximize instead of minimize, multiply the c vector by -1. If
- you have constraints that are inequalities rather than equations, you
- can introduce one new variable (a "slack") for each inequality and treat
- the augmented row of the matrix as an equation. LP codes will often
- take care of such "bookkeeping" for you.
-
- LP problems are usually solved by a technique known as the Simplex Method,
- developed in the 1940's and after. Briefly stated, this method works by
- taking a sequence of square submatrices of A and solving for x, in such a
- way that successive solutions always improve, until a point is reached
- where improvement is no longer possible. A family of LP algorithms known
- as Interior Point methods has been developed starting in the 1980's, that
- can be faster for many (but so far not all) problems. Such methods are
- characterized by constructing a sequence of trial solutions that go
- through the interior of the solution space, in contrast to the Simplex
- Method which stays on the boundary and examines only the corners (vertices).
-
- LP has a variety of uses, in such areas as petroleum, finance, transportation,
- forestry, and military.
-
- The word "Programming" is used here in the sense of "planning"; the
- necessary relationship to computer programming was incidental to the
- choice of name. Hence the phrase "LP program" to refer to a piece of
- software is not a redundancy, although I tend to use the term "code"
- instead to avoid the possible ambiguity.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 2. "Where is there a good code, preferably public domain, to solve
- Linear Programming problems?"
-
- A: It depends on the difficulty of your models. LP technology and
- computer technology have both made such great leaps that models that
- were previously considered "large" are now routinely solved. Nowadays,
- with good commercial software, models with a few thousand constraints
- and several thousand variables can be tackled with a PC. Workstations
- can often handle models with variables in the tens of thousands, or even
- greater. It's hard to be specific about sizes and speed, a priori, due
- to the wide variation in things like model structure and variation in
- factorizing the basis matrices.
-
- There is a recently released public domain code, written in C, called
- "lp_solve" that is available on Usenet in the "comp.sources.reviewed"
- newsgroup. Its author (Michel Berkelaar, email at michel@es.ele.tue.nl)
- claims to have solved models with up to 30,000 variables and 50,000
- constraints. My own experience with this code is not quite so uniformly
- optimistic (new users of LP are sometimes shocked to learn that just
- because a given code has solved a model of a given dimension, it may not
- be able to solve all models of the same size). Still, for someone who
- isn't sure just what kind of LP code is needed, it represents a very
- reasonable first try, and the price is certainly right. The code is
- archived at anonymous ftp site "ftp.uu.net", in directory
- "/usenet/comp.sources.reviewed/volume02/lp_solve".
- It consists of three files, part00.Z, part01.Z and part02.Z. You should
- download them in binary mode, and use the `uncompress` utility to expand
- them to normal ASCII format. The file called part00 contains reviewers'
- comments, and the other two files can be unpacked by removing the first
- 9 lines and executing the files as shell scripts (e.g., `sh part01`).
- Then follow the instructions in the README and INSTALL files.
-
- For DOS/PC users, Prof. Timo Salmi at the University of Vaasa in Finland
- offers a code called "tslin". You should be able to access it by ftp at
- garbo.uwasa.fi in directory /pc/ts (the current file name is tslin33b.zip,
- apparently using ZIP compression), or else I suggest contacting Prof.
- Salmi at ts@uwasa.fi.
-
- The consensus is that the LP code published in Numerical Recipes is not at
- all strong, and should be avoided for heavy-duty use. If your requirement
- is for a solver that can handle 100-variable models, it might be okay.
-
- There is an ACM TOMS routine for LP, #552, available from the netlib server,
- in directory /netlib/toms. See the section on test models for detail on
- how to use this server.
-
- If you have access to one of the commercial math libraries, such as IMSL or
- NAG, you may be able to use an LP routine from there.
-
- If your models prove to be too difficult for free software to handle,
- then you can consider acquiring a commercial LP code. There are dozens
- of such codes on the market. I have my own opinions, but for reasons of
- space, generality and fairness, I will not attempt even to list the codes
- I know of here. Instead I refer you to the annual survey of LP software
- published in "OR/MS Today", a joint publication of ORSA (Operations
- Research Society of America) and TIMS (The Institute of Management
- Science). I think it's likely that you can find a copy of the June, 1992
- issue, either through a library, or by contacting a member of these two
- organizations (most universities probably have several members among the
- faculty and student body). The survey lists almost fifty actively marketed
- products. This publication also carries advertisements for many of these
- products, which may give you additional information to help make a decision.
-
- There are many considerations in selecting an LP code. Speed is important,
- but LP is complex enough that different codes go faster on different models;
- you won't find a "Consumer Reports" article 8v) to say with certainty which
- code is THE fastest. I usually suggest getting benchmark results for your
- particular type of model if speed is paramount to you. Benchmarking may
- also help determine whether a given code has sufficient numerical stability
- for your kind of models.
-
- Other questions you should answer: Can you use a stand-alone code, or do
- you need a code that can be used as a callable library, or do you require
- source code? Do you want the flexibility of a code that runs on many
- platforms and/or operating systems, or do you want code that's tuned to
- your particular hardware architecture (in which case your hardware vendor
- may have suggestions)? Is the choice of algorithm (Simplex, Interior
- Point) important to you? Do you need an interface to a spreadsheet
- code? Is the purchase price an overriding concern? Is the software
- offered at an academic discount (assuming you are at a university)? How
- much hotline support do you think you'll need?
-
- It may not always be true that "you get what you pay for," but it is rare
- that you get more than you pay for. 8v) There is usually a large
- difference in LP codes, in performance (speed, numerical stability,
- adaptability to computer architectures) and features, as you climb the
- price scale. If a code seems overpriced to you, you may not yet
- understand all of its features.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 3. "Oh, and we also want to solve it as an integer program. I think
- there will be only a few thousand variables or so."
-
- A: Hmmmm. You want
- - Nontrivial model size
- - Integer solutions
- - Public domain code
- Pick one or maybe two of the above. You can't have all three. 8v)
-
- Integer LP models are ones where the answers must not take fractional
- values. It may not be obvious that this is a VERY much harder problem
- than ordinary LP, but it is nonetheless true. The buzzword is "NP-
- Completeness", the definition of which is beyond the scope of this
- document but means in essence that in the worst case the amount of
- time to solve a family of related problems goes up exponentially
- as the size of the problem grows.
-
- Integer models may be ones where only some of the variables are to be
- integer and others may be real-valued (termed "Mixed Integer LP" or
- MILP, or "Mixed Integer Programming" or MIP), or they may be ones where
- all the variables must be integral (termed "Integer LP" or ILP). The
- class of ILP is often further subdivided into problems where the only
- legal values are {0,1} ("Binary" or "Zero-One" ILP), and general integer
- problems. For the sake of generality, the Integer LP problem will be
- referred to here as MIP, since the other classes can be viewed as special
- cases of MIP.
-
- You should be prepared to solve far smaller MIP models than the
- corresponding LP model, given a certain amount of time you wish to
- allow (unless you and your model happen to be very lucky). There exist
- models that are considered challenging, with mere hundreds of variables.
- Conversely, some models with tens of thousands of variables solve
- readily. It all depends, and the best explanations of "why" always
- seem to happen after the fact. 8v)
-
- One exception to this gloomy outlook is that there are certain models
- whose LP solution always turns out to be integer. Best known of these
- are the so-called Transportation Problem, Assignment Problem, and
- Network-Flow Problem. It turns out that these problems are best solved
- by specialized routines that take major shortcuts in the Simplex Method,
- and as a result are relatively quick running. See the section on
- references for a book by Kennington and Helgason, which contains some
- source code for Netflo. Netflo is available by anonymous ftp at
- dimacs.rutgers.edu, in directory /pub/netflow/mincost/solver-1, but
- I don't know the copyright situation (I used to think you had to buy
- the book to get the code).
-
- People are sometimes surprised to learn that MIP problems are solved
- using floating point arithmetic. Although various algorithms for MIP
- have been studied, most if not all available general purpose large-scale
- LP codes use a method called "Branch and Bound" to try to find an optimal
- solution. In a nutshell, B&B solves MIP by solving a sequence of related
- LP models. Good codes for MIP distinguish themselves more by solving
- shorter sequences of LP's, than by solving the individual LP's faster.
- Even moreso than with regular LP, a costly commercial code may prove its
- value to you if your MIP model is difficult.
-
- As a point of interest, the Simplex Method currently retains an advantage
- over the newer Interior Point methods for solving these sequences of LP's.
-
- The public domain code "lp_solve", mentioned earlier, accepts MIP models,
- as do a large proportion of the commercial LP codes in the OR/MS Today
- survey. I have seen mention made of algorithm 333 in the Collected
- Algorithms from CACM, though I'd be surprised if it was robust enough
- to solve large models.
-
- The better MIP codes have numerous parameters and options to give the user
- control over the solution strategy. Most have the capability of stopping
- before an optimum is proved, printing the best answer obtained so far.
- For many MIP models, stopping early is a practical necessity. Fortunately,
- a solution that has been proved by the algorithm to be within, say, 1% of
- optimality often turns out to be the true optimum, and the bulk of the
- computation time is spent proving the optimality. For many modeling
- situations, a near-optimal solution is acceptable anyway.
-
- Once one accepts that large MIP models are not typically solved to a
- proved optimal solution, that opens up a broad area of approximate
- methods, probabilistic methods and heuristics, as well as modifications
- to B&B. Claims have been made for Genetic Algorithms and Simulated
- Annealing, though (IMHO) these successes have been problem dependent
- and difficult to generalize. (A reference for GA is David Goldberg,
- "Genetic Algorithms in Machine Learning.")
-
- Whatever the solution method you choose, when trying to sol